• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
From Amino Acids to Proteins - in 4 Easy Steps
From Amino Acids to Proteins - in 4 Easy Steps

... determinant of its final 3D shape. • determine that local regions of proteins first adopt a secondary structure (either alpha helices or beta sheets), which are stabilized by hydrogen bonding between backbone atoms. • establish that the basic principles of chemistry act on the amino acid side chains ...
2008b(12): Detail the protective and regulatory roles of the liver
2008b(12): Detail the protective and regulatory roles of the liver

... General: the liver is the largest gland in the body and has multiple functions involved in many essential processes in the body. It is the interface between the gut and the body and therefore has a role in protection from organisms and toxins and regulation of nutrient levels. Protective: - involved ...
6.4 RNA - Part 2 - Translation rna_2_s12
6.4 RNA - Part 2 - Translation rna_2_s12

... mRNA sequences: UAA, UGA, UAG ...
CLASS SET
CLASS SET

... sometimes it is difficult to visualize chemical reactions, especially biochemical ones. So we will be using paper models of the various organic polymers important to living things to demonstrate how they are made and broken apart for use by living organisms. To perform this activity, you will need: ...
Chemistry of Life Answers 1. Differentiate between an ionic and
Chemistry of Life Answers 1. Differentiate between an ionic and

... e. Endothermic (endergonic) reaction: A chemical reaction in which the energy of the products is more than the energy of the reactants. f. Exothermic (exergonic) reaction: A chemical reaction in which the energy of the products is less than the energy of the reactants. g. ATPase: an enzyme that cata ...
THE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS ESSAY MUST: be in the FHS Essay
THE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS ESSAY MUST: be in the FHS Essay

... example - Protein Synthesis occurs in the cell. CM - Commentary (Opinion or your experience) example - It was interesting to use "toys" to demonstrate how protein synthesis occurs to Ms. Antoine. ...
Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis

... ie: single celled Bacteria ...
Organic Molecules
Organic Molecules

... Living Things • Simple hydrocarbons not common in living organisms • They form the building blocks of more complex organic molecules that make up living organisms ...
Document
Document

... membrane). And yet, cyanide fairly rapidly shuts down all of oxidative phosphorylation. Why? The electrons that should have gone to the oxygen stay in cytochrome C, such that all of the cytochrome c becomes reduced. When all the cytochrome c is reduced, it can no longer oxidize complex III and thus ...
002 Chapter 2
002 Chapter 2

... A. hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, sulfur C. hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen B. carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, iron D. sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen 2. Which statement is NOT true about elements? A. An element cannot be broken down into substances with different properties. B. An element consists of at ...
Yvonne Schmidt
Yvonne Schmidt

... the release of pro-inflammatory lyso-phosphatidyl choline and oxidatively modified fatty acids. Inhibition of LpPLA2 is therefore considered a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of diseases that have an inflammatory component such as atherosclerosis. One of these metabolites is SB-253514, a ...
Macromolecules
Macromolecules

... pass into a cell's nucleus, bind to specific receptors and genes and trigger the cell to make proteins. • Insulin, growth hormone, prolactin and other water-soluble protein hormones consist of long chains of amino acids, from several to 200 amino acids long. They are stored in endocrine cells until ...
1 - 嘉義大學
1 - 嘉義大學

... A nonapeptide was determined to have the following amino acid composition: (Lys)2, (Gly)2, (Phe) 2, His, Leu, Met. The native peptide was incubated with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (FDNB) and then hydrolyzed; 2,4-dinitrophenylhistidine was identified by HPLC. When the native peptide was exposed to c ...
Antimicrobial Agents
Antimicrobial Agents

... Development of resistant strains – spontaneous mutations, DNA transfer a. Ability to destroy AMA by producing enzymes (Staph –penicillinase or -lactamase) ...
enzymes - Hicksville Public Schools
enzymes - Hicksville Public Schools

... Enzyme-substrate specificity Enzymes are SPECIFIC (in shape) for the SUBSTRATES they attach to, just like a lock and key. ...
Chapter 9
Chapter 9

... Catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate Free enzyme is a dimer Active site closes when oxaloacetate binds Conformational changes seals oxaloacetate in binding site and shuts out the solvent ...
Non-translational synthesis of poly-amino
Non-translational synthesis of poly-amino

... A simplified version of this latter sort of mechanism that does not involve mRNA, but works by direct complementarity between "anticodon" sections of two (complementary) tRNAs, is thereby suggested. Such a mechanism would produce peptides whose sequences comprised two (or two classes of) alternating ...
Organic Compounds
Organic Compounds

... amino group (which is basic) and an acid group. Proteins consist of long chains of amino acids, with the acid group of one bonded to the amino group of the next. ...
Proteins
Proteins

Nutritional Requirements and Biosynthetic
Nutritional Requirements and Biosynthetic

... Preliminary growth experiments showed that the complete defined medium supported the growth of organisms transferred from 3 % (w/v) peptone medium ; further experiments were designed to determine the minimal growth requirements for Strigomonas oncopelti. Amino acid requirements. The only amino acid ...
Nehru Arts Science and College Reaccredited with “A” Grade by
Nehru Arts Science and College Reaccredited with “A” Grade by

Proteins - NIU Department of Biological Sciences
Proteins - NIU Department of Biological Sciences

... – hydrophobic (found in membranes and protein interiors): Leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan – positively charged (basic): lysine, arginine, histidine – negatively charged (acidic): aspartate, glutamate – polar but uncharged: serine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine – ...
Nutritional Requirements and Biosynthetic
Nutritional Requirements and Biosynthetic

... Preliminary growth experiments showed that the complete defined medium supported the growth of organisms transferred from 3 % (w/v) peptone medium ; further experiments were designed to determine the minimal growth requirements for Strigomonas oncopelti. Amino acid requirements. The only amino acid ...
Primary Structure Specifies Tertiary Structure
Primary Structure Specifies Tertiary Structure

... determined the three-dimensional structure. The second protein whose structure was determined was ribonuclease A, an enzyme from cows that was readily available from pancreases at slaughterhouses. Because it works in the highly acidic environment of the cow stomach, RNase A was stable compared to mo ...
Biochemistry Midterm Review
Biochemistry Midterm Review

... Proteins are made of subunits called amino acids and are used to build cells and do much of the work inside organisms. They also act as enzymes helping to control metabolic reactions in organisms. Amino acids contain two functional groups, the carboxyl group (-COOH) and the amino group (-NH2). Basic ...
< 1 ... 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 ... 622 >

Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report