Novel control of lactate dehydrogenase from the freeze
... Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the terminal enzyme of anaerobic glycolysis, plays a crucial role both in sustaining glycolytic ATP production under oxygen-limiting conditions and in facilitating the catabolism of accumulated lactate when stress conditions are relieved. In this study, the effects on LD ...
... Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the terminal enzyme of anaerobic glycolysis, plays a crucial role both in sustaining glycolytic ATP production under oxygen-limiting conditions and in facilitating the catabolism of accumulated lactate when stress conditions are relieved. In this study, the effects on LD ...
A E M , Feb. 2004, p. 999–1007
... Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) can be divided into three main types based on the sizes of the monomers incorporated into the polymer. Short-chain-length (SCL) PHAs consist of monomer units of C3 to C5, mediumchain-length (MCL) PHAs consist of monomer units of C6 to C14, and SCL-MCL PHAs consist of mon ...
... Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) can be divided into three main types based on the sizes of the monomers incorporated into the polymer. Short-chain-length (SCL) PHAs consist of monomer units of C3 to C5, mediumchain-length (MCL) PHAs consist of monomer units of C6 to C14, and SCL-MCL PHAs consist of mon ...
CHARACTERIZATION OF B-LACTAMASES FROM TWO B
... protein and the yield percentage was reached to 61.66 %. With respect to its optimum pH, the optimum values for (3-lactamase from P.aeruginosa Z 33 and P.aeruginosa Z 90 were 7.5 and 8.0, respectively. The optimum temperature was around 40°C for both enzymes from the two isolates. Studying the heat ...
... protein and the yield percentage was reached to 61.66 %. With respect to its optimum pH, the optimum values for (3-lactamase from P.aeruginosa Z 33 and P.aeruginosa Z 90 were 7.5 and 8.0, respectively. The optimum temperature was around 40°C for both enzymes from the two isolates. Studying the heat ...
Oxidation and Synthesis of Fatty Acids in Soluble Enzyme Systems
... system. This system is designed for the initial fatty acids to go directly to CO2 and water without accumulating more than catalytic amounts of intermediary products. Two preliminary steps were necessary for the study of intermediates and of the enzymes which accomplish these transformations: ways a ...
... system. This system is designed for the initial fatty acids to go directly to CO2 and water without accumulating more than catalytic amounts of intermediary products. Two preliminary steps were necessary for the study of intermediates and of the enzymes which accomplish these transformations: ways a ...
chemical structure and properties
... Fat soluble – passive diffusion Water soluble – passive diffusion, but some by active process if low level in the diet ...
... Fat soluble – passive diffusion Water soluble – passive diffusion, but some by active process if low level in the diet ...
The shikimate pathway in apicomplexan parasites: Implications for
... possess isozymes that are repressed by a single aromatic amino acid. Whereas “endo-oriented” organisms such as cyanobacteria regulate the flow through the shikimate pathway by pathway intermediates and usually have DAHPS of the single effector type (15). ...
... possess isozymes that are repressed by a single aromatic amino acid. Whereas “endo-oriented” organisms such as cyanobacteria regulate the flow through the shikimate pathway by pathway intermediates and usually have DAHPS of the single effector type (15). ...
Function and Control of the Spx-Family of Proteins Within
... ultimately undergoes lysis when the mature spore is released. Genetic control of the process operates at several levels and requires fundamental changes to the gene expression machinery (de Hoon et al. 2010; Piggot and Hilbert 2004). Most notable among these are the spore-specific RNA polymerase for ...
... ultimately undergoes lysis when the mature spore is released. Genetic control of the process operates at several levels and requires fundamental changes to the gene expression machinery (de Hoon et al. 2010; Piggot and Hilbert 2004). Most notable among these are the spore-specific RNA polymerase for ...
Bioinformatic Analysis of Glycoside Hydrolases in the
... bacteria. Six organisms contained representatives from all four families, while five organisms contained representatives from only three families and two organisms contained homologs from just one family. We analyzed the domain architecture of the 113 glycoside hydrolases using the NCBI’s CDD-search ...
... bacteria. Six organisms contained representatives from all four families, while five organisms contained representatives from only three families and two organisms contained homologs from just one family. We analyzed the domain architecture of the 113 glycoside hydrolases using the NCBI’s CDD-search ...
Metabolism and functions of gamma-aminobutyric acid
... amma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a four-carbon nonprotein amino acid, is a significant component of the free amino acid pool. GABA has an amino group on the g-carbon rather than on the a-carbon, and exists in an unbound form. It is highly soluble in water: structurally it is a flexible molecule that c ...
... amma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a four-carbon nonprotein amino acid, is a significant component of the free amino acid pool. GABA has an amino group on the g-carbon rather than on the a-carbon, and exists in an unbound form. It is highly soluble in water: structurally it is a flexible molecule that c ...
Targeting apicoplasts in malaria parasites
... information about the characteristic signals needed to direct nuclear-encoded proteins to the apicoplast with the function of the genes that carried those signals. The Plasmodium apicoplast was revealed as a stripped down version of a chloroplast, in which ~ 500 nucleus-encoded and apicoplast-target ...
... information about the characteristic signals needed to direct nuclear-encoded proteins to the apicoplast with the function of the genes that carried those signals. The Plasmodium apicoplast was revealed as a stripped down version of a chloroplast, in which ~ 500 nucleus-encoded and apicoplast-target ...
Lessons from the Genome Sequence of Neurospora crassa: Tracing
... Glycolysis and the pentose phosphate cycle......................................................................................................40 (i) Hexose phosphorylation .............................................................................................................................4 ...
... Glycolysis and the pentose phosphate cycle......................................................................................................40 (i) Hexose phosphorylation .............................................................................................................................4 ...
Food Biochemistry and Food Processing (2
... permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Blackwell Publishing, provided that the base fee is paid d ...
... permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Blackwell Publishing, provided that the base fee is paid d ...
Structure and mechanism of inhibition of plant
... The inhibition of AHAS by both sulfonylureas and imidazolinones is complex. An important contributor to this complexity is that the inhibition is time-dependent. There is an initial weak inhibition over the first few minutes that becomes progressively stronger with time. The usual assay for AHAS act ...
... The inhibition of AHAS by both sulfonylureas and imidazolinones is complex. An important contributor to this complexity is that the inhibition is time-dependent. There is an initial weak inhibition over the first few minutes that becomes progressively stronger with time. The usual assay for AHAS act ...
Systematic metabolic analysis of recombinant Pichia pastoris UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA
... has succeeded in many cases for the production of pharmaceuticals proteins or industrial enzymes [2, 3]. However, although high yields of active proteins had been obtained in many cases [4] there are still limitations for the production of the majority of complex proteins in large quantities and as ...
... has succeeded in many cases for the production of pharmaceuticals proteins or industrial enzymes [2, 3]. However, although high yields of active proteins had been obtained in many cases [4] there are still limitations for the production of the majority of complex proteins in large quantities and as ...
FAT/CD36 is located on the outer mitochondrial membrane
... unclear where FAT/CD36 resides on this organelle or its functional role within mitochondria. In the present study, we demonstrate, using several different approaches, that in skeletal muscle FAT/CD36 resides on the OMM (outer mitochondrial membrane). To determine the functional role of mitochondrial ...
... unclear where FAT/CD36 resides on this organelle or its functional role within mitochondria. In the present study, we demonstrate, using several different approaches, that in skeletal muscle FAT/CD36 resides on the OMM (outer mitochondrial membrane). To determine the functional role of mitochondrial ...
Amino Acid Catabolism: C
... Histidine is first converted to glutamate. The last step in this pathway involves the cofactor tetrahydrofolate. Tetrahydrofolate (THF), which has a pteridine ring, is a reduced form of the B vitamin folate. Within a cell, THF has an attached chain of several glutamate residues, linked to one anothe ...
... Histidine is first converted to glutamate. The last step in this pathway involves the cofactor tetrahydrofolate. Tetrahydrofolate (THF), which has a pteridine ring, is a reduced form of the B vitamin folate. Within a cell, THF has an attached chain of several glutamate residues, linked to one anothe ...
7 Biochemistry of fermentation
... (David et al., 1992), the b-gal of the yoghurt organisms and Leuconostoc lactis are similar, and in vivo activity of b-gal in high lactose yoghurt was much less acid resistant than that in ordinary yoghurt (Kotz et al., 1994); the b-gal activities of three commercial bio yoghurts were reported by Or ...
... (David et al., 1992), the b-gal of the yoghurt organisms and Leuconostoc lactis are similar, and in vivo activity of b-gal in high lactose yoghurt was much less acid resistant than that in ordinary yoghurt (Kotz et al., 1994); the b-gal activities of three commercial bio yoghurts were reported by Or ...
Amino Acid Catabolism: C
... Histidine is first converted to glutamate. The last step in this pathway involves the cofactor tetrahydrofolate. Tetrahydrofolate (THF), which has a pteridine ring, is a reduced form of the B vitamin folate. Within a cell, THF has an attached chain of several glutamate residues, linked to one anothe ...
... Histidine is first converted to glutamate. The last step in this pathway involves the cofactor tetrahydrofolate. Tetrahydrofolate (THF), which has a pteridine ring, is a reduced form of the B vitamin folate. Within a cell, THF has an attached chain of several glutamate residues, linked to one anothe ...
Characterization of the Sucrose Phosphate Phosphatase (SPP
... [32], and this interaction may provide a new level of regulation. Additionally to their role in sucrose synthesis, it has been reported that SPP may have other functions. In this respect, Arabidopsis plants overexpressing sorghum SPP show an alteration in seed germination, suggesting a role of SPP i ...
... [32], and this interaction may provide a new level of regulation. Additionally to their role in sucrose synthesis, it has been reported that SPP may have other functions. In this respect, Arabidopsis plants overexpressing sorghum SPP show an alteration in seed germination, suggesting a role of SPP i ...
Branched-chain 2-oxoacids transamination increases
... in a reaction probably catalyzed by a specific branched-chain 2-oxoacid aminotransferase (BCAT) activity [5-8]. Moreover, they can be oxidised to CO2 an acetoacetate [5,9,10] and it has been shown that oxo-4-methylpentanoate (also known as α-ketoisocaproate, KIC) is oxidized at a similar rate to hig ...
... in a reaction probably catalyzed by a specific branched-chain 2-oxoacid aminotransferase (BCAT) activity [5-8]. Moreover, they can be oxidised to CO2 an acetoacetate [5,9,10] and it has been shown that oxo-4-methylpentanoate (also known as α-ketoisocaproate, KIC) is oxidized at a similar rate to hig ...
REGULATION OF KETONE BODY AND COENZYME A
... him for his scientific guidance, support, patience and humor on the 5,000 li road. He is an adviser who not only teaches me critical thinking, but also is always willing to sit and discuss every detail of my experiments, presentations and scientific writings. His guidance gives me enough confidence ...
... him for his scientific guidance, support, patience and humor on the 5,000 li road. He is an adviser who not only teaches me critical thinking, but also is always willing to sit and discuss every detail of my experiments, presentations and scientific writings. His guidance gives me enough confidence ...
C 2 R
... Cytochrome P450 BM3 (BM3; EC 1.14.14.1) from Bacillus megaterium is a soluble protein that catalyzes the hydroxylation and epoxidation of several long-chain fatty acids. BM3 contains a heme and reductase domain fused in a single polypeptide, which might explain why this enzyme has the highest activi ...
... Cytochrome P450 BM3 (BM3; EC 1.14.14.1) from Bacillus megaterium is a soluble protein that catalyzes the hydroxylation and epoxidation of several long-chain fatty acids. BM3 contains a heme and reductase domain fused in a single polypeptide, which might explain why this enzyme has the highest activi ...
Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically.Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the regulation of some physiological and cellular processes, as well as preventing the accumulation of unwanted or abnormal proteins in cells. Consequently, dis-regulation of proteolysis can cause diseases, and is used in some venoms to damage their prey.Proteolysis is important as an analytical tool for studying proteins in the laboratory, as well as industrially, for example in food processing and stain removal.