Auxin: Regulation, Action, and Interaction
... indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is recognized as the key auxin in most plants. IAA is synthesized both from tryptophan (Trp) using Trp-dependent pathways and from an indolic Trp precursor via Trp-independent pathways; none of these pathways is fully elucidated. Plants can also obtain IAA by b-oxidation o ...
... indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is recognized as the key auxin in most plants. IAA is synthesized both from tryptophan (Trp) using Trp-dependent pathways and from an indolic Trp precursor via Trp-independent pathways; none of these pathways is fully elucidated. Plants can also obtain IAA by b-oxidation o ...
The Origin and Evolution of the Genetic Code
... for error minimization, such that point mutations would tend to substitute similar amino acids. Carl Woese argued that the error minimization acted during translation, rather than mutation, because of reading frame-dependent effects. Woese, and a plethora of model builders, also suggested that there ...
... for error minimization, such that point mutations would tend to substitute similar amino acids. Carl Woese argued that the error minimization acted during translation, rather than mutation, because of reading frame-dependent effects. Woese, and a plethora of model builders, also suggested that there ...
Identification of Modified Amino Acids by Edman Sequencing
... Biomolecular Resource Facilities (ABRF) has directed numerous studies focused on various aspects of Edman degradation of proteins and peptides. These studies provide a means for participating laboratories to compare their analyses against a benchmark of those from other laboratories that provide thi ...
... Biomolecular Resource Facilities (ABRF) has directed numerous studies focused on various aspects of Edman degradation of proteins and peptides. These studies provide a means for participating laboratories to compare their analyses against a benchmark of those from other laboratories that provide thi ...
1 Chapter 1 Chemistry On The Pyrimidine Ring
... The general mechanism for both of these enzymes first involves a sulfur transfer from a donor such as IscS for ThiI, and TusE for MnmA. This yields a protein persulfide intermediate. The enzymes then bind the tRNA and activates the uridine oxygen using ATP to form an adenylated intermediate. The su ...
... The general mechanism for both of these enzymes first involves a sulfur transfer from a donor such as IscS for ThiI, and TusE for MnmA. This yields a protein persulfide intermediate. The enzymes then bind the tRNA and activates the uridine oxygen using ATP to form an adenylated intermediate. The su ...
Unusual ADP-forming acetyl-coenzyme A synthetases from the
... (Schönheit and Schäfer 1995). This unusual synthetase was first detected in the domain of eukarya, in the protists Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia, where it is involved in acetate formation and ATP production during fermentative metabolism (Reeves et al. 1977; Sanchez and Müller 1996). I ...
... (Schönheit and Schäfer 1995). This unusual synthetase was first detected in the domain of eukarya, in the protists Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia, where it is involved in acetate formation and ATP production during fermentative metabolism (Reeves et al. 1977; Sanchez and Müller 1996). I ...
Sequence and Structure Classification of Kinases
... Kinases are a ubiquitous group of enzymes that catalyze the phosphoryl transfer reaction from a phosphate donor (usually ATP) to a receptor substrate. Although all kinases catalyze essentially the same phosphoryl transfer reaction, they display remarkable diversity in their substrate specificity, st ...
... Kinases are a ubiquitous group of enzymes that catalyze the phosphoryl transfer reaction from a phosphate donor (usually ATP) to a receptor substrate. Although all kinases catalyze essentially the same phosphoryl transfer reaction, they display remarkable diversity in their substrate specificity, st ...
Characterization of the Two-Component, FAD-Dependent Monooxygenase SgcC That Requires Carrier Protein-Tethered
... Abstract: C-1027 is a potent antitumor antibiotic composed of an apoprotein (CagA) and a reactive enediyne chromophore. The chromophore has four distinct chemical moieties, including an (S)-3-chloro-5-hydroxyβ-tyrosine moiety, the biosynthesis of which from L-R-tyrosine requires five proteins: SgcC, ...
... Abstract: C-1027 is a potent antitumor antibiotic composed of an apoprotein (CagA) and a reactive enediyne chromophore. The chromophore has four distinct chemical moieties, including an (S)-3-chloro-5-hydroxyβ-tyrosine moiety, the biosynthesis of which from L-R-tyrosine requires five proteins: SgcC, ...
REGULATION OF CYTOCHROME P450 BY
... glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and sex steroid biosynthesis. Synthesis of steroids requires the concerted action of a number of cytochrome P450 steroid hydroxylases (Fig. 1). Transcdptional regulation of the genes encoding these steroid hydroxylases occurs in response to trophic hormones and tra ...
... glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and sex steroid biosynthesis. Synthesis of steroids requires the concerted action of a number of cytochrome P450 steroid hydroxylases (Fig. 1). Transcdptional regulation of the genes encoding these steroid hydroxylases occurs in response to trophic hormones and tra ...
H. Draw a dipeptide from two amino acids
... 16. A compound, C4H10O, reacts with KMnO4 to yield C4H8O. The C4H8O compound does not react with Benedict’s solution. The C4H8O compound is reduced by H2 (with a Pt catalyst) to give the original C4H10O compound. Draw a reasonable structure for the C4H8O compound and a brief statement as to why you ...
... 16. A compound, C4H10O, reacts with KMnO4 to yield C4H8O. The C4H8O compound does not react with Benedict’s solution. The C4H8O compound is reduced by H2 (with a Pt catalyst) to give the original C4H10O compound. Draw a reasonable structure for the C4H8O compound and a brief statement as to why you ...
Functional and Biochemical Analysis of Glucose-6
... most common enzymopathy, affecting nearly 400 million people worldwide [1]. G6PD deficiency is genetically heterogeneous with 217 mutations reported, which have been mainly found in the coding regions and are buried in the enzyme, producing functionally-deficient G6PD variants [2]. This enzymopathy ...
... most common enzymopathy, affecting nearly 400 million people worldwide [1]. G6PD deficiency is genetically heterogeneous with 217 mutations reported, which have been mainly found in the coding regions and are buried in the enzyme, producing functionally-deficient G6PD variants [2]. This enzymopathy ...
Spectroscopic Comparisons of the pH Dependencies of Fe
... Fe- and Mn-SODs are dimers or tetramers of identical monomers, which each have one active site containing a single Fe or Mn ion. The overall folds are the same, and in both cases the metal ion is coordinated in a trigonal bipyramid by two His and an Asp- in the equatorial plane and a His and a solve ...
... Fe- and Mn-SODs are dimers or tetramers of identical monomers, which each have one active site containing a single Fe or Mn ion. The overall folds are the same, and in both cases the metal ion is coordinated in a trigonal bipyramid by two His and an Asp- in the equatorial plane and a His and a solve ...
Amino Acids in Maturation Medium and Presence
... with fetal calf serum (FCS) [15, 18]. In the present study using simple medium supplemented with PFF and gonadotropins, most oocytes reached M-II also by 36 h of culture. These results may indicate that FCS, PFF, and gonadotropins contain the factors that regulate oocyte maturation. The maturation r ...
... with fetal calf serum (FCS) [15, 18]. In the present study using simple medium supplemented with PFF and gonadotropins, most oocytes reached M-II also by 36 h of culture. These results may indicate that FCS, PFF, and gonadotropins contain the factors that regulate oocyte maturation. The maturation r ...
Mutational and spectroscopic studies of the significance of the active
... We are addressing the puzzling metal ion specificity of Fe- and Mn-containing superoxide dismutases (SODs) [see C.K.Vance, A.-F. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120(3) (1998) 461–467]. Here, we test the significance to activity and active site integrity of the Gln side chain at the center of the active si ...
... We are addressing the puzzling metal ion specificity of Fe- and Mn-containing superoxide dismutases (SODs) [see C.K.Vance, A.-F. Miller, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120(3) (1998) 461–467]. Here, we test the significance to activity and active site integrity of the Gln side chain at the center of the active si ...
Microsoft Word
... A panel of thirteen anti-TPO mAbs produced against native human TPO, as it mentioned above, was used for the pioneering studies on the immunodominant regions located on the TPO molecule surface [5, 8]. Antibodies numbered 2, 9, 47, and 60 reacted with epitopes in domain A, mAbs 15, 18, 59, and 64 r ...
... A panel of thirteen anti-TPO mAbs produced against native human TPO, as it mentioned above, was used for the pioneering studies on the immunodominant regions located on the TPO molecule surface [5, 8]. Antibodies numbered 2, 9, 47, and 60 reacted with epitopes in domain A, mAbs 15, 18, 59, and 64 r ...
Purification and Characterization of Chorismate
... be removed by gel filtration and it was lost during ammonium sulfate precipitation. Chorismate synthase activity eluted at a conductivity of 9.7 msiemens/cm from DEAE-Sepharose, well separated from the bulk protein. Fractions containing chorismate synthase activity could then be applied directly to ...
... be removed by gel filtration and it was lost during ammonium sulfate precipitation. Chorismate synthase activity eluted at a conductivity of 9.7 msiemens/cm from DEAE-Sepharose, well separated from the bulk protein. Fractions containing chorismate synthase activity could then be applied directly to ...
Milk Fat: Origin of Fatty Acids and Influence of
... FABPs have been implicated in transmembrane and intracellular transport of fatty acids (Veerkamp et al., 1991; Storch and Thumser, 2000). These are a group of tissue-speciWc proteins of about 14–15 kDa that bind long-chain fatty acids (C16 ---C20 ) with high aYnity and a molar stoichiometry of 1:1. ...
... FABPs have been implicated in transmembrane and intracellular transport of fatty acids (Veerkamp et al., 1991; Storch and Thumser, 2000). These are a group of tissue-speciWc proteins of about 14–15 kDa that bind long-chain fatty acids (C16 ---C20 ) with high aYnity and a molar stoichiometry of 1:1. ...
Calreticulin, a multi-process calcium
... The ER is the first compartment in the secretory pathway. Approx. 30 % of all cellular proteins that are synthesized into the ER, where they interact with molecular chaperones and are transported as cargo through the ER to different intracellular destinations as well as to the extracellular environm ...
... The ER is the first compartment in the secretory pathway. Approx. 30 % of all cellular proteins that are synthesized into the ER, where they interact with molecular chaperones and are transported as cargo through the ER to different intracellular destinations as well as to the extracellular environm ...
Characterization of NAD Salvage Pathways and their Role in
... part of the NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex, oxidizes NADH in the bacterial ...
... part of the NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex, oxidizes NADH in the bacterial ...
PKU - Nutricia Learning Center
... Since all foods with protein contain PHE, a person with PKU must restrict the amount and types of food containing protein. For this reason, PKU is managed with a low PHE diet consisting of foods low in protein and a PHE-free metabolic formula. The main sources of foods with protein allowed in the lo ...
... Since all foods with protein contain PHE, a person with PKU must restrict the amount and types of food containing protein. For this reason, PKU is managed with a low PHE diet consisting of foods low in protein and a PHE-free metabolic formula. The main sources of foods with protein allowed in the lo ...
Food/feed and environmental risk assessment of insect
... representative of the genus Zea in Europe, and there are no cross-compatible wild or weedy relatives outside cultivation. The VKM GMO Panel considers the risk of gene flow from occasional feral GM maize plants to conventional maize varieties to be negligible in Norway. Considering the intended use a ...
... representative of the genus Zea in Europe, and there are no cross-compatible wild or weedy relatives outside cultivation. The VKM GMO Panel considers the risk of gene flow from occasional feral GM maize plants to conventional maize varieties to be negligible in Norway. Considering the intended use a ...
Enzyme Inhibition and Bioapplications
... proposed for liver regeneration and recovery after nitroimidazole treatment. The emerging state of art is presented on role of enzyme inhibition in liver transplantation and tissue engineering. Still, art of liver regeneration is not free from several challenges such as lack of ideal stimulator of h ...
... proposed for liver regeneration and recovery after nitroimidazole treatment. The emerging state of art is presented on role of enzyme inhibition in liver transplantation and tissue engineering. Still, art of liver regeneration is not free from several challenges such as lack of ideal stimulator of h ...
Mutational analysis of sickle haemoglobin (Hb
... Another approach that identifies important sites in the aggregate with the objective of preventing its formation is the use of chemical modifiers directed at certain parts of the Hb tetramer [9–11]. Even though useful information has come from this approach, the types of site modified are limited to ...
... Another approach that identifies important sites in the aggregate with the objective of preventing its formation is the use of chemical modifiers directed at certain parts of the Hb tetramer [9–11]. Even though useful information has come from this approach, the types of site modified are limited to ...
Long-Term Treatment with Insulin and Retinoic Acid
... significantly. Vitamin A (VA) plays a role in a number of physiological functions including glucose metabolism. However, its role in skeletal muscle glucose metabolism has not been well established. Insulin controls glucose metabolism in the skeletal muscle via the regulations of glucose uptake, gly ...
... significantly. Vitamin A (VA) plays a role in a number of physiological functions including glucose metabolism. However, its role in skeletal muscle glucose metabolism has not been well established. Insulin controls glucose metabolism in the skeletal muscle via the regulations of glucose uptake, gly ...
Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically.Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the regulation of some physiological and cellular processes, as well as preventing the accumulation of unwanted or abnormal proteins in cells. Consequently, dis-regulation of proteolysis can cause diseases, and is used in some venoms to damage their prey.Proteolysis is important as an analytical tool for studying proteins in the laboratory, as well as industrially, for example in food processing and stain removal.