Macromolecules
... Several amino acids linked together are known as a polypeptide. Denaturing of Proteins: Proteins have a specific structure, which is important for their function. If the structure is distorted or destroyed by heat / ionic concentration / pH change, then the protein is said to be ‘denatured’. Denatur ...
... Several amino acids linked together are known as a polypeptide. Denaturing of Proteins: Proteins have a specific structure, which is important for their function. If the structure is distorted or destroyed by heat / ionic concentration / pH change, then the protein is said to be ‘denatured’. Denatur ...
Main concepts Carbohydrates Fats, Proteins and Enzymes
... 2. Carbohydrates are composed of the three elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. 3. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. 4. The molecular formulas for carbohydrates can be represented as Cx(H2O)y. 5. Monosaccharides form the basis of all other carbohydrates. 6. D ...
... 2. Carbohydrates are composed of the three elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. 3. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. 4. The molecular formulas for carbohydrates can be represented as Cx(H2O)y. 5. Monosaccharides form the basis of all other carbohydrates. 6. D ...
THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
... • Structural – hair, nails • Transport – hemoglobin • Movement – muscle ...
... • Structural – hair, nails • Transport – hemoglobin • Movement – muscle ...
The Organic Macromolecules of Life
... are a group of chemicals that include sugars, starches, and cellulose. Carbohydrates provide energy for organisms and they also provide structure for some organisms. For example, the cell walls of plants are made of carbohydrates, which gives them their characteristic box shape. Sugars, or saccharid ...
... are a group of chemicals that include sugars, starches, and cellulose. Carbohydrates provide energy for organisms and they also provide structure for some organisms. For example, the cell walls of plants are made of carbohydrates, which gives them their characteristic box shape. Sugars, or saccharid ...
Biological Molecules
... Because they have water-soluble heads and insoluble tails. They tend to form a thin film on with their tails in the air. Like above If surrounded by water they arrange themselves in a bubble with their tails inward. (This would be called a Rudimentary cell membrane) The Heads of the phospholipds are ...
... Because they have water-soluble heads and insoluble tails. They tend to form a thin film on with their tails in the air. Like above If surrounded by water they arrange themselves in a bubble with their tails inward. (This would be called a Rudimentary cell membrane) The Heads of the phospholipds are ...
Chapter 1 • Lesson 3
... The word saccharide means "sugar." A carbohydrate can be a single simple sugar, or it can be two or more simple sugars that have bonded together. The number of simple sugar molecules that join together determines the type of carbohydrate. For example, glucose, galactose, and fructose are monosacchar ...
... The word saccharide means "sugar." A carbohydrate can be a single simple sugar, or it can be two or more simple sugars that have bonded together. The number of simple sugar molecules that join together determines the type of carbohydrate. For example, glucose, galactose, and fructose are monosacchar ...
Standard B-2
... o Enzymes: proteins that serve as catalysts in living organisms. o Enzymes are very specific. Each particular enzyme can catalyze only one chemical reaction by working on one particular reactant (substrate). o The structure of enzymes can be altered by temp and pH, so each catalyst works best at a s ...
... o Enzymes: proteins that serve as catalysts in living organisms. o Enzymes are very specific. Each particular enzyme can catalyze only one chemical reaction by working on one particular reactant (substrate). o The structure of enzymes can be altered by temp and pH, so each catalyst works best at a s ...
Nucleic Acid Notes
... Folding occurs as protein is synthesized, but physical/chemical environment plays a role DENATURATION: = unraveling/ loss of native confirmation • makes proteins biologically inactive ~ Reason high fevers can be fatal • • does NOT break peptide bonds • so primary structure remains intact • may regai ...
... Folding occurs as protein is synthesized, but physical/chemical environment plays a role DENATURATION: = unraveling/ loss of native confirmation • makes proteins biologically inactive ~ Reason high fevers can be fatal • • does NOT break peptide bonds • so primary structure remains intact • may regai ...
Name Period ______ Date Chem/Biochem Test Study Guide
... 27. A polymer of a protein is called a polypeptide. 28. An amino acid has three parts. What are they called? a. Amino group b. Carboxyl group c. R group 29. Briefly describe what happens in each structure of protein folding. a. Primary – Chain of amino acids by peptide bonds. b. Secondary – Hydrogen ...
... 27. A polymer of a protein is called a polypeptide. 28. An amino acid has three parts. What are they called? a. Amino group b. Carboxyl group c. R group 29. Briefly describe what happens in each structure of protein folding. a. Primary – Chain of amino acids by peptide bonds. b. Secondary – Hydrogen ...
Life Substances
... f. What structures can Carbon form, based on its bonding capacities? g. What is meant by the term "isomers?" f What is meant by the term "Carbon compounds vary in size?" i. What are macromolecutes? j. What is a polymer? ...
... f. What structures can Carbon form, based on its bonding capacities? g. What is meant by the term "isomers?" f What is meant by the term "Carbon compounds vary in size?" i. What are macromolecutes? j. What is a polymer? ...
Evidence of Evolution Fossils Provide Evidence FOSSIL: The
... FOSSIL: The _____________ or mineralized remains (bone, petrified tree, tooth, or shell) or ______________ of an organism that lived long ago. Three Major Points • Earth is about _________ billion years old. • Organisms have inhabited the earth for most of its history. • All organisms living today _ ...
... FOSSIL: The _____________ or mineralized remains (bone, petrified tree, tooth, or shell) or ______________ of an organism that lived long ago. Three Major Points • Earth is about _________ billion years old. • Organisms have inhabited the earth for most of its history. • All organisms living today _ ...
Chapter 2: Chemistry
... Pure substances. Atoms are the “building blocks”. They contain three types of subatomic particles: neutrons and protons (+) in the nucleus, electrons (-) “orbit” in shells. Closest shell to the nucleus holds two electrons, second and thirds shells can hold eight each. Elements are arranged in the Pe ...
... Pure substances. Atoms are the “building blocks”. They contain three types of subatomic particles: neutrons and protons (+) in the nucleus, electrons (-) “orbit” in shells. Closest shell to the nucleus holds two electrons, second and thirds shells can hold eight each. Elements are arranged in the Pe ...
2.Carbohydrates - Distance Education Chennai
... analysis of many molecules and metabolic pathways of the cell, such as glycolysis and the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle). Another significant historic event in biochemistry is the discovery of the gene and its role in the transfer of information in the cell. This part of biochemistry is often calle ...
... analysis of many molecules and metabolic pathways of the cell, such as glycolysis and the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle). Another significant historic event in biochemistry is the discovery of the gene and its role in the transfer of information in the cell. This part of biochemistry is often calle ...
Section 3.3: Carbon Compounds Building Blocks of Cells • The parts
... The cell’s boundary is made of ________________________. The structure of cell membranes depends on how this molecule interacts with water. ...
... The cell’s boundary is made of ________________________. The structure of cell membranes depends on how this molecule interacts with water. ...
3 biochemistry, macromolecules
... Clusters of atoms that influence the moiety of the molecules they make up. 4. How does a polymer form? Condensation reactions between monomers ...
... Clusters of atoms that influence the moiety of the molecules they make up. 4. How does a polymer form? Condensation reactions between monomers ...
Chemistry Review
... acids) which gives them a specific function. If the interactions between the side chains of the amino acids are disrupted, the protein will unfold and lose its specific shape and, therefore, its function. If you heat up a protein to a certain point or put it in a solution with a low pH (acidic), the ...
... acids) which gives them a specific function. If the interactions between the side chains of the amino acids are disrupted, the protein will unfold and lose its specific shape and, therefore, its function. If you heat up a protein to a certain point or put it in a solution with a low pH (acidic), the ...
The amino acids, peptide bonds, and the primary structure of proteins
... • Phosphorylation: addition of a phosphate group (PO43-) to a Ser or Tyr residue. • Glycosylation: addition of sugar groups to Asn (Nglycosylation) or Ser (O-glycosylation). • Alteration of chain termini – Removal of N-Met – Acetylation and amidation ...
... • Phosphorylation: addition of a phosphate group (PO43-) to a Ser or Tyr residue. • Glycosylation: addition of sugar groups to Asn (Nglycosylation) or Ser (O-glycosylation). • Alteration of chain termini – Removal of N-Met – Acetylation and amidation ...
Chapter 5: What are the major types of organic molecules?
... 2. other terpenes/terpenoids include natural rubber and “essential oils” such as plant fragrances and many spices 3. steroids are terpene derivatives that contain four rings of carbon atoms side chains extend from the rings; length and structure of the side chains varies one type of steroid, cho ...
... 2. other terpenes/terpenoids include natural rubber and “essential oils” such as plant fragrances and many spices 3. steroids are terpene derivatives that contain four rings of carbon atoms side chains extend from the rings; length and structure of the side chains varies one type of steroid, cho ...
Figure 5-2
... c. amino acids in a protein. d. nucleotides in DNA 34. The function of nucleic acids is to… a. store genetic information. b. provide an immediate energy supply for cells. c. store energy for use later. d. facilitate chemical reactions within cells. 35. The molecule that fits into an enzyme’s active ...
... c. amino acids in a protein. d. nucleotides in DNA 34. The function of nucleic acids is to… a. store genetic information. b. provide an immediate energy supply for cells. c. store energy for use later. d. facilitate chemical reactions within cells. 35. The molecule that fits into an enzyme’s active ...
Chapter 2- Biological Molecules Answers 36. c. the pentose sugar
... they do not mix. The oil molecules tend to clump together rather than mix with the water. This is because oil molecules are nonpolar and therefore hydrophobic (water-fearing). ...
... they do not mix. The oil molecules tend to clump together rather than mix with the water. This is because oil molecules are nonpolar and therefore hydrophobic (water-fearing). ...
6.1 Cellular respiration
... Read pages 66–9 of Human Perspectives Units 1 & 2 and fill in the missing words to complete this summary of cellular respiration. Glucose metabolism Cellular respiration = glucose oxidation Glucose 1 oxygen → carbon dioxide 1 water 1 energy (ATP) This reaction does not occur in one simple reaction, ...
... Read pages 66–9 of Human Perspectives Units 1 & 2 and fill in the missing words to complete this summary of cellular respiration. Glucose metabolism Cellular respiration = glucose oxidation Glucose 1 oxygen → carbon dioxide 1 water 1 energy (ATP) This reaction does not occur in one simple reaction, ...
Inorganic Chemistry Review Biochemistry
... CHON: make 96% of living things Almost all of remaining 4%: such as calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium Trace elements: less than 0.01%, but important; eg, iodine, chlorine ...
... CHON: make 96% of living things Almost all of remaining 4%: such as calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium Trace elements: less than 0.01%, but important; eg, iodine, chlorine ...
Chapter 3
... -nonpolar, hydrophobic; used in cells for energy storage, structural materials, signaling molecules ...
... -nonpolar, hydrophobic; used in cells for energy storage, structural materials, signaling molecules ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.