Chapter 17: Molecular Modeling Problems
... triphenylphosphine ylide. Which Lewis structure appears to be the more appropriate? Explain how you reached your conclusion. 8. Wittig Reaction. CO double bonds are typically much stronger that CC double bonds, making it difficult obtain alkenes from carbonyl compounds. The Wittig reaction offers a ...
... triphenylphosphine ylide. Which Lewis structure appears to be the more appropriate? Explain how you reached your conclusion. 8. Wittig Reaction. CO double bonds are typically much stronger that CC double bonds, making it difficult obtain alkenes from carbonyl compounds. The Wittig reaction offers a ...
nomenclature continued… - Turner Fenton Secondary School
... Are like aldehydes except the carbonyl group (C=O) is located somewhere in the middle of the chain (not at terminal end). Generally written as RR`C=O. Ketones like aldehydes do not exhibit hydrogen bonding. There are common names for ketones, for example, acetone. Acetone is the key ingredient in na ...
... Are like aldehydes except the carbonyl group (C=O) is located somewhere in the middle of the chain (not at terminal end). Generally written as RR`C=O. Ketones like aldehydes do not exhibit hydrogen bonding. There are common names for ketones, for example, acetone. Acetone is the key ingredient in na ...
Final Exam Review - Clayton State University
... MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms are called A) indicators. B) isotopes. C) isozymes. D) isometrics. E) isomers. ...
... MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms are called A) indicators. B) isotopes. C) isozymes. D) isometrics. E) isomers. ...
Review for Exam #1
... • if there are no substituents, the double bond does not need a number. • if there is a substituent, the carbons in the double bond are numbered as 1 and 2, and the ring is numbered from carbon 2 in the direction that will give the lower number to the substituent. ...
... • if there are no substituents, the double bond does not need a number. • if there is a substituent, the carbons in the double bond are numbered as 1 and 2, and the ring is numbered from carbon 2 in the direction that will give the lower number to the substituent. ...
File
... Producing Ethene by Cracking Ethane • Over time, high-temperature cracking of ethane, as illustrated below, became the preferred technological process. As you can see, molecules of hydrogen are “eliminated” from the ethane. ...
... Producing Ethene by Cracking Ethane • Over time, high-temperature cracking of ethane, as illustrated below, became the preferred technological process. As you can see, molecules of hydrogen are “eliminated” from the ethane. ...
PowerPoint Answers - Organic Chemistry Lab
... 4. Wohler made urea, showing that organic compounds can be synthesized outside of a life form (1) Organic (from life) is misleading 5. 9 million (1) 6. CO, CO2 (1), carbonate (CO32–), bicarbonate (HCO3–), cyanide (CN–), cyanate (CNO–), thiocyanate (SCN–) (1) Note: look for a metal: e.g. NaCN, CaCO3 ...
... 4. Wohler made urea, showing that organic compounds can be synthesized outside of a life form (1) Organic (from life) is misleading 5. 9 million (1) 6. CO, CO2 (1), carbonate (CO32–), bicarbonate (HCO3–), cyanide (CN–), cyanate (CNO–), thiocyanate (SCN–) (1) Note: look for a metal: e.g. NaCN, CaCO3 ...
Introduction to Biodiesel Chemistry
... Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with organic compounds. Organic compounds are compounds that (with a few exceptions such as carbon dioxide gas) contain the element carbon. The properties of organic compounds are dependent primarily on the physical structure of the molecules a ...
... Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with organic compounds. Organic compounds are compounds that (with a few exceptions such as carbon dioxide gas) contain the element carbon. The properties of organic compounds are dependent primarily on the physical structure of the molecules a ...
1. What are micelles? Give two examples of micellar systems. Sol. A
... aqueous solution forms an aggregate with the hydrophilic "head" regions in contact with surrounding solvent, sequestering the hydrophobic single-tail regions in the micelle centre. This phase is caused by the packing behavior of single-tailed lipids in a bilayer. The difficulty filling all the volum ...
... aqueous solution forms an aggregate with the hydrophilic "head" regions in contact with surrounding solvent, sequestering the hydrophobic single-tail regions in the micelle centre. This phase is caused by the packing behavior of single-tailed lipids in a bilayer. The difficulty filling all the volum ...
chm 103 general chemistry
... Imagine methane (CH4) with one H replaced by OH (but it is not made this way) Generally manufactured from synthesis gas (CO + H2) under conditions of high temperature and pressure and using catalyst: CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g) b. Ethanol (ethyl alcohol): C2H5OH Generally made by fermentation of ...
... Imagine methane (CH4) with one H replaced by OH (but it is not made this way) Generally manufactured from synthesis gas (CO + H2) under conditions of high temperature and pressure and using catalyst: CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g) b. Ethanol (ethyl alcohol): C2H5OH Generally made by fermentation of ...
Ethers, Sulfides, Epoxides - City University of New York
... Generally, the hemiacetals and acetals are only a minor component of an equilibrium mixture. In order to favor formation of acetals the carbonyl compound and alcohol is reacted with acid in the absence of water. Dry HCl) The acetals or hemiacetals maybe converted back to the carbonyl compound by tre ...
... Generally, the hemiacetals and acetals are only a minor component of an equilibrium mixture. In order to favor formation of acetals the carbonyl compound and alcohol is reacted with acid in the absence of water. Dry HCl) The acetals or hemiacetals maybe converted back to the carbonyl compound by tre ...
Lecture 9a - University of California, Los Angeles
... -OH (pKa~16-18 (alcohol), pKa~8-12 (phenols)), -NHx (pKa~35), -C≡CH (pKa~25), -SH (pKa~9-12), -COOH (pKa~3-5) Some functional groups react with the reagent because they ...
... -OH (pKa~16-18 (alcohol), pKa~8-12 (phenols)), -NHx (pKa~35), -C≡CH (pKa~25), -SH (pKa~9-12), -COOH (pKa~3-5) Some functional groups react with the reagent because they ...
CH CH CH CH2 CH3 CH CH3 Br CH CH CH CH2 CH3 CH CH3 F
... d. With alkoxides: CH3CH(CH3)CH2Br + CH3ONa → e. With salts of carboxylic acids: CH3CH2I + CH3COOK → Reactivity of halogenoalkenes and halogenoarenes Due to a conjugation, i.e. an interaction of lone electron pairs of a halogen atom with the -electrons of either alkenes or arenes, the carbon – halo ...
... d. With alkoxides: CH3CH(CH3)CH2Br + CH3ONa → e. With salts of carboxylic acids: CH3CH2I + CH3COOK → Reactivity of halogenoalkenes and halogenoarenes Due to a conjugation, i.e. an interaction of lone electron pairs of a halogen atom with the -electrons of either alkenes or arenes, the carbon – halo ...
Catalytic, Enantioselective Alkylation of r
... although slight uncatalyzed reaction in THF solution at -50 °C between 1a and 2a was initially a cause for concern. Surprisingly, however, slow addition of 1.1 equiv enol silane 2a over the course of 2 h into a solution of the R-imino ester 1a containing 10 mol % of (R)-BINAP-AgSbF613 (3a) at -80 °C ...
... although slight uncatalyzed reaction in THF solution at -50 °C between 1a and 2a was initially a cause for concern. Surprisingly, however, slow addition of 1.1 equiv enol silane 2a over the course of 2 h into a solution of the R-imino ester 1a containing 10 mol % of (R)-BINAP-AgSbF613 (3a) at -80 °C ...
Carbon-Carbon Bond Forming Reactions
... - mixed aldol: reaction of two different aldehydes and/or ketones - requires quantitative deprotonation of one carbonyl component (LDA) - low temperature reaction typically gives aldol product ...
... - mixed aldol: reaction of two different aldehydes and/or ketones - requires quantitative deprotonation of one carbonyl component (LDA) - low temperature reaction typically gives aldol product ...
chemistry important question i
... 2.93°C. What is Van’t Hoff factor for this electrolyte? The freezing point depression constant (Kf) for water is 1.86°C kg mol–1. What does the designation ‘6,6’ in nylon 6, 6 polymer mean? (b) Which polymer is obtained when free radical polymerisation of chloroprene occurs? Write the structure of t ...
... 2.93°C. What is Van’t Hoff factor for this electrolyte? The freezing point depression constant (Kf) for water is 1.86°C kg mol–1. What does the designation ‘6,6’ in nylon 6, 6 polymer mean? (b) Which polymer is obtained when free radical polymerisation of chloroprene occurs? Write the structure of t ...
CARBONYL COMPOUNDS ALDEHYDES AND KETONES
... (PCC) to aldehydes. Ketones can be obtained from secondary alcohols by oxidation with sodium dichromate/sulfuric acid or KMnO4. ...
... (PCC) to aldehydes. Ketones can be obtained from secondary alcohols by oxidation with sodium dichromate/sulfuric acid or KMnO4. ...
Hydroformylation
Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an important homogeneously catalyzed industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes. This chemical reaction entails the addition of a formyl group (CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous growth since its invention in 1938: Production capacity reached 6.6×106 tons in 1995. It is important because the resulting aldehydes are easily converted into many secondary products. For example, the resulting aldehydes are hydrogenated to alcohols that are converted to plasticizers or detergents. Hydroformylation is also used in specialty chemicals, relevant to the organic synthesis of fragrances and natural products. The development of hydroformylation, which originated within the German coal-based industry, is considered one of the premier achievements of 20th-century industrial chemistry.The process typically entails treatment of an alkene with high pressures (between 10 to 100 atmospheres) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures between 40 and 200 °C. Transition metal catalysts are required.