1
... catalytic material has its own characteristics. Behavior of each molecule with that catalytic surface is also going to be completely different. Thus it is highly complex phenomena. Type of promoter, acidity and basicity of the catalysts plays an important role in the reaction mechanism and selectivi ...
... catalytic material has its own characteristics. Behavior of each molecule with that catalytic surface is also going to be completely different. Thus it is highly complex phenomena. Type of promoter, acidity and basicity of the catalysts plays an important role in the reaction mechanism and selectivi ...
Chapter 8. CARBONYL COMPOUNDS
... The equilibrium position depends on the structure of a compound. Formaldehyde, for example, exists in aqueous solution almost completely (over 99.9%) as the hydrate, CH2(OH)2. Acetaldehyde is approximately half hydrated in water, while acetone does not form a hydrate, though it is completely soluble ...
... The equilibrium position depends on the structure of a compound. Formaldehyde, for example, exists in aqueous solution almost completely (over 99.9%) as the hydrate, CH2(OH)2. Acetaldehyde is approximately half hydrated in water, while acetone does not form a hydrate, though it is completely soluble ...
Chapter 1 Structure and Bonding
... a) Stronger s-donor and slightly weaker p-acceptor than CO b) More stable with M+ due to –1 charge than M0 (which favors CO) c) Considered a classical ligand rather than organometallic for this reason ...
... a) Stronger s-donor and slightly weaker p-acceptor than CO b) More stable with M+ due to –1 charge than M0 (which favors CO) c) Considered a classical ligand rather than organometallic for this reason ...
Level 3: Organics Part I
... Soaps are the sodium salts of fatty acids (long chain acids). These salts are soluble in water as they are ionised, but they have a carbon chain end that is soluble in fats and oils. This allows them to dissolve and break down dirt. Sodium laurate is the name of the soap molecule made from coconut o ...
... Soaps are the sodium salts of fatty acids (long chain acids). These salts are soluble in water as they are ionised, but they have a carbon chain end that is soluble in fats and oils. This allows them to dissolve and break down dirt. Sodium laurate is the name of the soap molecule made from coconut o ...
doc_367
... properties of the complexes, hence complexation of transition metal atoms by ligands of different types have been of great significance. The existence of central transition metal atom in different oxidation states were found to be most promising in catalytic studies and the transition metal compound ...
... properties of the complexes, hence complexation of transition metal atoms by ligands of different types have been of great significance. The existence of central transition metal atom in different oxidation states were found to be most promising in catalytic studies and the transition metal compound ...
Tests for functional groups
... Ketones are not reducing agents; they may not be oxidised to carboxylic acids. If a carbonyl compound gives negative results with any of the tests above it confirms the presence of a ketone. i) Methyl ketones (RCOCH3) – the iodoform (triiodomethane) reaction Methyl ketones undergo the iodoform react ...
... Ketones are not reducing agents; they may not be oxidised to carboxylic acids. If a carbonyl compound gives negative results with any of the tests above it confirms the presence of a ketone. i) Methyl ketones (RCOCH3) – the iodoform (triiodomethane) reaction Methyl ketones undergo the iodoform react ...
F324 summary - Macmillan Academy
... • Novel, useful molecules can be synthesised using organic chemistry. • A chiral molecule is more difficult to synthesise since many other optical isomers may also form – costly in money and time to separate or resolve the isomers. • Enzymes, bacteria, chiral catalysts and chiral-starting points (e. ...
... • Novel, useful molecules can be synthesised using organic chemistry. • A chiral molecule is more difficult to synthesise since many other optical isomers may also form – costly in money and time to separate or resolve the isomers. • Enzymes, bacteria, chiral catalysts and chiral-starting points (e. ...
unsaturated hydrocarbon
... alcohol; a reaction that involves the removal of water to join an organic acid and an alcohol 8. Fermentation – a chemical reaction that involves breaking down glucose (sugar) in the absence of oxygen to produce ethanol, carbon dioxide, and water 9. Functional group – a substructure that determines ...
... alcohol; a reaction that involves the removal of water to join an organic acid and an alcohol 8. Fermentation – a chemical reaction that involves breaking down glucose (sugar) in the absence of oxygen to produce ethanol, carbon dioxide, and water 9. Functional group – a substructure that determines ...
amino acids
... The thiolato sulfur centers are from cysteinyl residues. The sulfide groups are either two- or three-coordinate. Rubredoxin: low-molecular-weight iron-containing proteins found in sulfurmetabolizing bacteria and archaea; electron transfer between [Fe(III)(Cys)4]1- and [Fe(II)(Cys)4]2-. ...
... The thiolato sulfur centers are from cysteinyl residues. The sulfide groups are either two- or three-coordinate. Rubredoxin: low-molecular-weight iron-containing proteins found in sulfurmetabolizing bacteria and archaea; electron transfer between [Fe(III)(Cys)4]1- and [Fe(II)(Cys)4]2-. ...
HONORS ORGANIC CHEM. HAHS MRS. RICHARDS 1 ORGANIC
... 1.) Naming: alkenes, alkynes, enynes, alcohols 2.) Reactions: alkenes and alkynes: determining products, reagents, reactants 3.) Mechanisms: alkenes and alkynes: electrophilic addition of HX (both), halohydrin formation (alkenes only), acid-catalyzed hydration (both), hydroboration (both), acetylide ...
... 1.) Naming: alkenes, alkynes, enynes, alcohols 2.) Reactions: alkenes and alkynes: determining products, reagents, reactants 3.) Mechanisms: alkenes and alkynes: electrophilic addition of HX (both), halohydrin formation (alkenes only), acid-catalyzed hydration (both), hydroboration (both), acetylide ...
synthesis reaction
... A synthesis reaction is a reaction in which two or more substances react to form a single substance. The general equation for a synthesis reaction is: A + B AB 2H2 + O2 2H2O Which of the following is NOT always true about a synthesis reaction? A: There is only one reactant. An iron fence is left ...
... A synthesis reaction is a reaction in which two or more substances react to form a single substance. The general equation for a synthesis reaction is: A + B AB 2H2 + O2 2H2O Which of the following is NOT always true about a synthesis reaction? A: There is only one reactant. An iron fence is left ...
Topic 16 Some non-metals and their compounds notes
... Carbon dioxide is causing the global temperature of the Earth to rise. This rise in temperature affects the climate all over the planet in ways which are hard to predict. Some areas may become wetter or dryer, other areas may become hotter. The main (predictable) directions of wind and ocean current ...
... Carbon dioxide is causing the global temperature of the Earth to rise. This rise in temperature affects the climate all over the planet in ways which are hard to predict. Some areas may become wetter or dryer, other areas may become hotter. The main (predictable) directions of wind and ocean current ...
Chemistry 235, Winter 2008 Name: General rules:
... • Hydrogen in an organic compound is assigned an oxidation number of +1. • Oxygen in an organic compound generally is assigned an oxidation number of –2. • The sum of all of the oxidation numbers of atoms in a neutral compound should be zero. The sum of all of the oxidation numbers of atoms in an io ...
... • Hydrogen in an organic compound is assigned an oxidation number of +1. • Oxygen in an organic compound generally is assigned an oxidation number of –2. • The sum of all of the oxidation numbers of atoms in a neutral compound should be zero. The sum of all of the oxidation numbers of atoms in an io ...
Powerpoint File - University of Evansville Faculty Web sites
... Most of these functional groups are polar, because their oxygen or nitrogen atoms are highly electronegative. The polarity tends to make compounds containing these groups hydrophilic, and therefore soluble in water - a necessary condition for their roles in water-based life. Note that many biologica ...
... Most of these functional groups are polar, because their oxygen or nitrogen atoms are highly electronegative. The polarity tends to make compounds containing these groups hydrophilic, and therefore soluble in water - a necessary condition for their roles in water-based life. Note that many biologica ...
nucleophile (亲核试剂)
... synthesizing olefins (alkenes) from carbonyl compounds is a reaction often termed the Wittig synthesis. For this achievement he shared the 1979 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. In the Wittig reaction, he first demonstrated 1954, a carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) reacts with an organic phosphorus co ...
... synthesizing olefins (alkenes) from carbonyl compounds is a reaction often termed the Wittig synthesis. For this achievement he shared the 1979 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. In the Wittig reaction, he first demonstrated 1954, a carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) reacts with an organic phosphorus co ...
Chapter 24: Transition Metals Coordination Compounds Part 2
... • Different ligands cause more of an energy split in the d-orbitals. • Ligands which cause the d-orbitals to split more with a higher E are called strong-field ligands. • Ligands which cause the d-orbitals to split less with a lower E are called weak-field ligands. • Ligand Series from Weak to St ...
... • Different ligands cause more of an energy split in the d-orbitals. • Ligands which cause the d-orbitals to split more with a higher E are called strong-field ligands. • Ligands which cause the d-orbitals to split less with a lower E are called weak-field ligands. • Ligand Series from Weak to St ...
F322 revision - DrBravoChemistry
... This is reflux, so ethanoic acid will be formed Mark scheme: o VOLATILE COMPONENTS CANNOT ESCAPE. o COMPLETE OXIDATION TO THE ACID IS ACHIEVED. ...
... This is reflux, so ethanoic acid will be formed Mark scheme: o VOLATILE COMPONENTS CANNOT ESCAPE. o COMPLETE OXIDATION TO THE ACID IS ACHIEVED. ...
Module 02.indd
... For esters having the same number of carbon atoms in the molecule, does boiling point depend significantly upon the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group (as opposed to the number in the acyl group—that is, in the ‘anoate’ part of the molecule)? Justify your answer. For esters with the same tota ...
... For esters having the same number of carbon atoms in the molecule, does boiling point depend significantly upon the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group (as opposed to the number in the acyl group—that is, in the ‘anoate’ part of the molecule)? Justify your answer. For esters with the same tota ...
Organic Chemistry Notes
... saturated and unsaturated aliphatic (including cyclic) and aromatic carbon compounds containing only one type of a functional group (with multiple bonds categorized as a functional group; e.g., pent-2-ene), including simple halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g., 2- chloropentane), alcohols (e.g., pentan-2- ...
... saturated and unsaturated aliphatic (including cyclic) and aromatic carbon compounds containing only one type of a functional group (with multiple bonds categorized as a functional group; e.g., pent-2-ene), including simple halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g., 2- chloropentane), alcohols (e.g., pentan-2- ...
Functional Groups 2
... Esters are not a terminal group but they are unique because of the carboxyl group therefore the carbonyl carbon is considered to be C #1 Name the group attached to the hydroxyl oxygen first (the alkyl group) Next name the carboxylate carbon chain, dropping the –e and adding –oate Written condensed f ...
... Esters are not a terminal group but they are unique because of the carboxyl group therefore the carbonyl carbon is considered to be C #1 Name the group attached to the hydroxyl oxygen first (the alkyl group) Next name the carboxylate carbon chain, dropping the –e and adding –oate Written condensed f ...
Production of Materials by Jimmy Huang
... The alkene further splits into smaller alkenes until either ethylene or propene (or both) is formed e.g. C5H10 C2H4 + C3H6. Therefore, the overall products of catalytic cracking are alkanes of shorter chain lengths and small alkenes. The catalysts used are inorganic compounds known as zeolites, wh ...
... The alkene further splits into smaller alkenes until either ethylene or propene (or both) is formed e.g. C5H10 C2H4 + C3H6. Therefore, the overall products of catalytic cracking are alkanes of shorter chain lengths and small alkenes. The catalysts used are inorganic compounds known as zeolites, wh ...
Hydroformylation
Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an important homogeneously catalyzed industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes. This chemical reaction entails the addition of a formyl group (CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous growth since its invention in 1938: Production capacity reached 6.6×106 tons in 1995. It is important because the resulting aldehydes are easily converted into many secondary products. For example, the resulting aldehydes are hydrogenated to alcohols that are converted to plasticizers or detergents. Hydroformylation is also used in specialty chemicals, relevant to the organic synthesis of fragrances and natural products. The development of hydroformylation, which originated within the German coal-based industry, is considered one of the premier achievements of 20th-century industrial chemistry.The process typically entails treatment of an alkene with high pressures (between 10 to 100 atmospheres) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures between 40 and 200 °C. Transition metal catalysts are required.