Chapter 6: Molecular Modeling Problems
... lengths for ethane (1.531Ǻ), propane (1.526Ǻ), 2-methylpropane (1.541Ǻ) and 3,3-dimethylpropane (1.540Ǻ) show only slight variation. Is this always the case? Obtain carbon-fluorine bond lengths in fluoromethanes, CFnH4-n (n=1-4). Do they increase or decrease significantly with increasing number of f ...
... lengths for ethane (1.531Ǻ), propane (1.526Ǻ), 2-methylpropane (1.541Ǻ) and 3,3-dimethylpropane (1.540Ǻ) show only slight variation. Is this always the case? Obtain carbon-fluorine bond lengths in fluoromethanes, CFnH4-n (n=1-4). Do they increase or decrease significantly with increasing number of f ...
Organic Chemistry: Introduction
... Benzene is uncharacteristically stable. When adding H to this molecule, you would expect the enthalpy to change 3 times that of adding H to cyclohexene, but it isn’t – it’s much less. This difference in energy (expected vs. actual) is known as resonance energy or delocalization energy. ...
... Benzene is uncharacteristically stable. When adding H to this molecule, you would expect the enthalpy to change 3 times that of adding H to cyclohexene, but it isn’t – it’s much less. This difference in energy (expected vs. actual) is known as resonance energy or delocalization energy. ...
Article Summaries
... extreme reaction conditions necessary for procedures catalyzed by mercury salts or by platinum complexes. The authors utilize sodium vanadate and pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (pcaH) to efficiently catalyze the reaction of methane with diatomic oxygen (from air) and hydrogen peroxide to produce methyl ...
... extreme reaction conditions necessary for procedures catalyzed by mercury salts or by platinum complexes. The authors utilize sodium vanadate and pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (pcaH) to efficiently catalyze the reaction of methane with diatomic oxygen (from air) and hydrogen peroxide to produce methyl ...
Chapter 7
... hydrogen chloride from hydrogen and chlorine. 2. Balance the following chemical equations. ...
... hydrogen chloride from hydrogen and chlorine. 2. Balance the following chemical equations. ...
PDF
... Needless to say, creation of ªgreenº catalytic processes for degradation of thiophosphoric acid esters is an urgent task of contemporary chemical technology and biotechnology. Significant progress has recently been made by the use of organophosphate hydrolases (OPH), a class of metal-dependent enzym ...
... Needless to say, creation of ªgreenº catalytic processes for degradation of thiophosphoric acid esters is an urgent task of contemporary chemical technology and biotechnology. Significant progress has recently been made by the use of organophosphate hydrolases (OPH), a class of metal-dependent enzym ...
CH 19
... • A phosphorus ylide adds to an aldehyde or ketone to yield a dipolar intermediate called a betaine • The intermediate spontaneously decomposes through a four-membered ring to yield alkene and triphenylphosphine oxide, (Ph)3P=O • Formation of the ylide is shown below ...
... • A phosphorus ylide adds to an aldehyde or ketone to yield a dipolar intermediate called a betaine • The intermediate spontaneously decomposes through a four-membered ring to yield alkene and triphenylphosphine oxide, (Ph)3P=O • Formation of the ylide is shown below ...
Naming organic compounds
... The longest unbranched chain containing the functional group is the parent molecule, or simply the longest unbranched chain for alkanes. Remember that, the longest chain can go round a bend. Indicate the position of the functional group with a number, numbering from the end nearest the functional ...
... The longest unbranched chain containing the functional group is the parent molecule, or simply the longest unbranched chain for alkanes. Remember that, the longest chain can go round a bend. Indicate the position of the functional group with a number, numbering from the end nearest the functional ...
Aldehydes and Ketones
... neutral alcohol Grignard additions are irreversible because a carbanion is not a leaving group ...
... neutral alcohol Grignard additions are irreversible because a carbanion is not a leaving group ...
Gen Chem Final--review problems Fall 2006
... Has both metals and nonmetals. The nonmetals usually form four covalent bonds. ...
... Has both metals and nonmetals. The nonmetals usually form four covalent bonds. ...
Carbon Compounds
... dehydration synthesis) Dehydration synthesis- chemical reaction in which one monomer donates a hydroxyl (OH-) and the other monomer donates a hydrogen (H) forming water (H2O) ...
... dehydration synthesis) Dehydration synthesis- chemical reaction in which one monomer donates a hydroxyl (OH-) and the other monomer donates a hydrogen (H) forming water (H2O) ...
Chapter 6-student notes
... sulfate and another substance is formed. sodium sulfate +calcium chloride -> calcium sulfate +_________ ...
... sulfate and another substance is formed. sodium sulfate +calcium chloride -> calcium sulfate +_________ ...
CfE Higher Chemistry Homework Unit 2: Natures Chemistry
... The dehydration on butan-2-ol can produce two isomeric alkenes, but-1-ene and but-2-ene. Which of the following alkanols can similarly produce, on dehydration, a pair of isomeric alkenes? A propan-2 ol B pentan-3-ol C hexan –3-ol D heptan-4-ol ...
... The dehydration on butan-2-ol can produce two isomeric alkenes, but-1-ene and but-2-ene. Which of the following alkanols can similarly produce, on dehydration, a pair of isomeric alkenes? A propan-2 ol B pentan-3-ol C hexan –3-ol D heptan-4-ol ...
Name: Date: Performances of Understanding:
... 4. Tungsten, W, a metal used in light-bulb filaments, is produced industrially by the reaction of tungsten oxide with hydrogen. WO3(s) + 3H2(g) → W(s) + 3H2O(g) How many liters of hydrogen gas at 35°C and 0.980atm are needed to react completely with 875g of tungsten oxide? ...
... 4. Tungsten, W, a metal used in light-bulb filaments, is produced industrially by the reaction of tungsten oxide with hydrogen. WO3(s) + 3H2(g) → W(s) + 3H2O(g) How many liters of hydrogen gas at 35°C and 0.980atm are needed to react completely with 875g of tungsten oxide? ...
Unit 8 – Organic Chemistry
... substituted for H in C2H6 to produce C2Cl6. This meant, however, that a negative Cl could be substituted for a positive H. This was not consistent with Berzelius’s idea of oppositely charged atoms attracting. ...
... substituted for H in C2H6 to produce C2Cl6. This meant, however, that a negative Cl could be substituted for a positive H. This was not consistent with Berzelius’s idea of oppositely charged atoms attracting. ...
World of Chemistry Chapter 20—Organic Chemistry
... B. Carbon forms strong bonds to itself and to many other elements C. More than any other element, carbon can form long chains of molecules II. Section 20.2—Alkanes A. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons—which means that they are a chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms where each carbon atom is bound to ...
... B. Carbon forms strong bonds to itself and to many other elements C. More than any other element, carbon can form long chains of molecules II. Section 20.2—Alkanes A. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons—which means that they are a chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms where each carbon atom is bound to ...
Unit F322 - Chains, energy and resources - Visually impaired
... (c) Research scientists working in the Antarctic have measured the concentration of carbon dioxide in the ice. This study has allowed the scientists to estimate the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide over many thousands of years. The graphs opposite show these atmospheric concentrations an ...
... (c) Research scientists working in the Antarctic have measured the concentration of carbon dioxide in the ice. This study has allowed the scientists to estimate the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide over many thousands of years. The graphs opposite show these atmospheric concentrations an ...
Changing Materials
... •The Haber process is a reversible reaction •This means that the reaction occurs in both directions •High pressures favour the production of ammonia, however it expensive to make industrial equipment to cope with high pressures. •Low temperatures favour the production of ammonia, however at low temp ...
... •The Haber process is a reversible reaction •This means that the reaction occurs in both directions •High pressures favour the production of ammonia, however it expensive to make industrial equipment to cope with high pressures. •Low temperatures favour the production of ammonia, however at low temp ...
Hydroformylation
Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an important homogeneously catalyzed industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes. This chemical reaction entails the addition of a formyl group (CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous growth since its invention in 1938: Production capacity reached 6.6×106 tons in 1995. It is important because the resulting aldehydes are easily converted into many secondary products. For example, the resulting aldehydes are hydrogenated to alcohols that are converted to plasticizers or detergents. Hydroformylation is also used in specialty chemicals, relevant to the organic synthesis of fragrances and natural products. The development of hydroformylation, which originated within the German coal-based industry, is considered one of the premier achievements of 20th-century industrial chemistry.The process typically entails treatment of an alkene with high pressures (between 10 to 100 atmospheres) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures between 40 and 200 °C. Transition metal catalysts are required.