reduction of ketones and imines with CaH2/ZnX2 in the presence of
... meso-hydrobenzoin exclusively (eq ...
... meso-hydrobenzoin exclusively (eq ...
Experimen tt: Dehydration of an Alcohol
... probe, the temperature will rise rapidly. The temperature should stabilize close to 85°C while much of the alkene product distills over. Later in the distillation, the vapor-liquid mixture will contain both the alkene products and water. The distillation temperature for this mixture may rise higher, ...
... probe, the temperature will rise rapidly. The temperature should stabilize close to 85°C while much of the alkene product distills over. Later in the distillation, the vapor-liquid mixture will contain both the alkene products and water. The distillation temperature for this mixture may rise higher, ...
Nomenclature Summary
... 2. Number the carbons in the chain from the end nearest the first branch (to give lowest set of numbers). 3. Identify substituents. If more than one substituent of the same kind is present, use the prefixes “di”, “tri”, “tetra”. 4. Locate the substituents by the number of the carbon to which they ar ...
... 2. Number the carbons in the chain from the end nearest the first branch (to give lowest set of numbers). 3. Identify substituents. If more than one substituent of the same kind is present, use the prefixes “di”, “tri”, “tetra”. 4. Locate the substituents by the number of the carbon to which they ar ...
Nuclear Astrophysics (1)
... if not already known (0 for photons), the chemical potential can be determined from the first equation, as we know the number density n of gas particles. ...
... if not already known (0 for photons), the chemical potential can be determined from the first equation, as we know the number density n of gas particles. ...
CH 102 Laboratory 7 Ester Synthesis and Smells
... Under ordinary conditions the equilibrium described above is unfavorable and not suitable for the preparation of esters. This can usually be remedied by using a reaction mixture that does not contain water and by removing the water that is produced by the reaction. Various strategies have been devel ...
... Under ordinary conditions the equilibrium described above is unfavorable and not suitable for the preparation of esters. This can usually be remedied by using a reaction mixture that does not contain water and by removing the water that is produced by the reaction. Various strategies have been devel ...
Novel amine-catalysed hydroalkoxylation reactions of
... The importance of b-hydroxycarbonyl compounds and their protected alkoxy analogues in natural product chemistry1 and organic synthesis in general2 is difficult to overstate. While the former class of compounds is readily prepared via (inter alia) the aldol reaction, the direct synthesis of b-alkoxyc ...
... The importance of b-hydroxycarbonyl compounds and their protected alkoxy analogues in natural product chemistry1 and organic synthesis in general2 is difficult to overstate. While the former class of compounds is readily prepared via (inter alia) the aldol reaction, the direct synthesis of b-alkoxyc ...
The loss of water (dehydration) and the loss of hydrogen are two
... of tertiary alcohols do not have an H atom on the carbon that holds the OH group, so 30 alcohols cannot be oxidized by dehydrogenation. Oxidation of 10 and 20 alcohol gives a product with carbon-oxygen double bond. 10 alcohol is oxidized first to an aldehyde, but because aldehydes are more easily ox ...
... of tertiary alcohols do not have an H atom on the carbon that holds the OH group, so 30 alcohols cannot be oxidized by dehydrogenation. Oxidation of 10 and 20 alcohol gives a product with carbon-oxygen double bond. 10 alcohol is oxidized first to an aldehyde, but because aldehydes are more easily ox ...
Macromolecules
... 9. _________________fatty acids contain all of the __________________ they can hold. There are no carbon to carbon ________________bonds in saturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids are typical of _________________ fats and are believed to cause blockage of ___________________ which can lead to s ...
... 9. _________________fatty acids contain all of the __________________ they can hold. There are no carbon to carbon ________________bonds in saturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids are typical of _________________ fats and are believed to cause blockage of ___________________ which can lead to s ...
CAPE CHEMISTRY UNIT TWO REVISION PAPER MODULE 1 (a
... biodegradable , the chlorine may be converted by microorganisms into organochlorine compounds which may be harmful. Materials containing chlorine on incineration produces toxic gases such as hydrogen chloride and may also form the very toxic dioxins which are suspected of causing cancer in humans. ( ...
... biodegradable , the chlorine may be converted by microorganisms into organochlorine compounds which may be harmful. Materials containing chlorine on incineration produces toxic gases such as hydrogen chloride and may also form the very toxic dioxins which are suspected of causing cancer in humans. ( ...
Name Class Date Skills Worksheet Directed Reading B Section
... 2. Each carbon atom has ______________________ valence electrons. 3. Each carbon atom can make a total of ______________________ bonds. 4. Models of carbon backbones show how ______________________. 5. A covalently bonded compound that contains carbon is called a(n) ______________________. Match the ...
... 2. Each carbon atom has ______________________ valence electrons. 3. Each carbon atom can make a total of ______________________ bonds. 4. Models of carbon backbones show how ______________________. 5. A covalently bonded compound that contains carbon is called a(n) ______________________. Match the ...
File - Loreto Science
... 3. If tetra methyl lead is added to the mixture there is a marked increase in the rate of reaction, we know that tetra methyl lead decomposes to form methyl radicals which feed into the system to speed it up ...
... 3. If tetra methyl lead is added to the mixture there is a marked increase in the rate of reaction, we know that tetra methyl lead decomposes to form methyl radicals which feed into the system to speed it up ...
ALDOL CONDENSATION
... Like the aldol addition, the Michael reaction may proceed via an enol, silyl enol ether in the Mukaiyama‐Michael addition, or more usually, enolate nucleophile. In the latter case, the stabilized carbonyl compound is deprotonated with a strong base (hard enolization) or with a Lewis acid and a ...
... Like the aldol addition, the Michael reaction may proceed via an enol, silyl enol ether in the Mukaiyama‐Michael addition, or more usually, enolate nucleophile. In the latter case, the stabilized carbonyl compound is deprotonated with a strong base (hard enolization) or with a Lewis acid and a ...
Kinetics - A Study o..
... • they must be positioned so that the reacting groups are together in a transition state between reactants and products; • and the collision must have enough energy to form the transition state and convert it into products. ...
... • they must be positioned so that the reacting groups are together in a transition state between reactants and products; • and the collision must have enough energy to form the transition state and convert it into products. ...
Answers
... a) What is the empirical formula for the substance? b) What is the molecular formula for the substance? 8) How many liters of ammonia gas would be produced by 3.00 grams of magnesium nitride, according to the reaction Mg3N2 + 6 H2O --> 3 Mg(OH)2 + 2 NH3? 9) Solid iron (II) sulfide reacts with aqueou ...
... a) What is the empirical formula for the substance? b) What is the molecular formula for the substance? 8) How many liters of ammonia gas would be produced by 3.00 grams of magnesium nitride, according to the reaction Mg3N2 + 6 H2O --> 3 Mg(OH)2 + 2 NH3? 9) Solid iron (II) sulfide reacts with aqueou ...
Staff demonstrating hours for level-3 Inorganic Lab
... Level-3 Organometallics L5a M-C bonding in CO complexes All these interactions result in strengthening of the M-C bond. Much evidence that this is case, e.g. for W-C distances W(CO)6 2.06 Å WMe6 2.15 Å W(=CH2) 1.94 Å Difficult to separate effects of 3 components in metal complexes. Evidence for -do ...
... Level-3 Organometallics L5a M-C bonding in CO complexes All these interactions result in strengthening of the M-C bond. Much evidence that this is case, e.g. for W-C distances W(CO)6 2.06 Å WMe6 2.15 Å W(=CH2) 1.94 Å Difficult to separate effects of 3 components in metal complexes. Evidence for -do ...
15.2 COMPLEX FORMATION And THE SHAPE OF COMPLEX IONS
... A complex containing iron(II) which is responsible for the red colour in blood and for the transport of oxygen by red blood cells. Co-ordination of CO molecules interferes with the process ...
... A complex containing iron(II) which is responsible for the red colour in blood and for the transport of oxygen by red blood cells. Co-ordination of CO molecules interferes with the process ...
Oxidation of Ethanol, Esters, Polymerization, Amino
... 1. Define an optical isomer, chiral, and enantiomer. Relate these to the carbon atom. ...
... 1. Define an optical isomer, chiral, and enantiomer. Relate these to the carbon atom. ...
Experiment 2. Reduction of copper (II) hydroxide with glucose in
... 4.2. Zurabyan S.E., Fundamentals of bioorganic chemistry, Moscow, 2004, pp. 225-238. 5. The main questions of the seminar: 5.1. What carbohydrate is.The classification of carbohydrates. 5.2. Glucose: -non-cyclic form: Fisher projection, D- and L-configuration; -cyclic form (pyranose and furanose): H ...
... 4.2. Zurabyan S.E., Fundamentals of bioorganic chemistry, Moscow, 2004, pp. 225-238. 5. The main questions of the seminar: 5.1. What carbohydrate is.The classification of carbohydrates. 5.2. Glucose: -non-cyclic form: Fisher projection, D- and L-configuration; -cyclic form (pyranose and furanose): H ...
Reactions (The Basics)
... Four abbreviations are used to indicate physical states of chemicals: shown as subscripts in the chemical equation ...
... Four abbreviations are used to indicate physical states of chemicals: shown as subscripts in the chemical equation ...
Hydroformylation
Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an important homogeneously catalyzed industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes. This chemical reaction entails the addition of a formyl group (CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous growth since its invention in 1938: Production capacity reached 6.6×106 tons in 1995. It is important because the resulting aldehydes are easily converted into many secondary products. For example, the resulting aldehydes are hydrogenated to alcohols that are converted to plasticizers or detergents. Hydroformylation is also used in specialty chemicals, relevant to the organic synthesis of fragrances and natural products. The development of hydroformylation, which originated within the German coal-based industry, is considered one of the premier achievements of 20th-century industrial chemistry.The process typically entails treatment of an alkene with high pressures (between 10 to 100 atmospheres) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures between 40 and 200 °C. Transition metal catalysts are required.