Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms
... activate the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. A key switch in the hypothalamus shuts off this arousal system during sleep. Other hypothalamic neurons stabilize the switch, and their absence results in inappropriate switching of behavioural states, such as occurs in narcolepsy. These findings explai ...
... activate the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. A key switch in the hypothalamus shuts off this arousal system during sleep. Other hypothalamic neurons stabilize the switch, and their absence results in inappropriate switching of behavioural states, such as occurs in narcolepsy. These findings explai ...
NIH Public Access - Rutgers University Department of Psychology
... In contrast, a secondary drive was defined as a learned or acquired state. Money, as previously mentioned, is an example of a secondary reinforcer, which acquires its reinforcing properties through its association with primary reinforcers (i.e. money can be used to acquire food). Due to societal and ...
... In contrast, a secondary drive was defined as a learned or acquired state. Money, as previously mentioned, is an example of a secondary reinforcer, which acquires its reinforcing properties through its association with primary reinforcers (i.e. money can be used to acquire food). Due to societal and ...
Identified nerve cells and insect behavior
... with which we now understand both sensory processing and motor control. Two overarching themes have emerged from studies of identified sensory interneurons. First, within a species, there are profound differences in neuronal organization associated with both the sex and the social experience of the ...
... with which we now understand both sensory processing and motor control. Two overarching themes have emerged from studies of identified sensory interneurons. First, within a species, there are profound differences in neuronal organization associated with both the sex and the social experience of the ...
ROLE OF EARLY ACOUSTIC EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAT by
... Neural plasticity is the ability of neurons and their functional connections to undergo changes in their anatomical, chemical, and physiological properties (Kolb & Whishaw, 1998). Such changes occur at all levels in the central nervous system, from molecular and synaptic modifications that underlie ...
... Neural plasticity is the ability of neurons and their functional connections to undergo changes in their anatomical, chemical, and physiological properties (Kolb & Whishaw, 1998). Such changes occur at all levels in the central nervous system, from molecular and synaptic modifications that underlie ...
Excitatory Cerebellar Nucleocortical Circuit Provides Internal
... subcortical circuits in the brain (Ahissar and Kleinfeld, 2003; Alexander et al., 1986; McCormick et al., 2015; Nicolelis and Fanselow, 2002; Pennartz et al., 2009), it is unknown whether internal feedback mechanisms from the cerebellar nuclei onto the cerebellar cortex may also facilitate adaptive ...
... subcortical circuits in the brain (Ahissar and Kleinfeld, 2003; Alexander et al., 1986; McCormick et al., 2015; Nicolelis and Fanselow, 2002; Pennartz et al., 2009), it is unknown whether internal feedback mechanisms from the cerebellar nuclei onto the cerebellar cortex may also facilitate adaptive ...
Early Pharmacological Treatment of Autism: A
... Reelin is a glycoprotein that has a fundamental neurodevelopmental role in the laminar and columnar organization of the cortex. It interacts with brain-derived neurotrophic factor to facilitate neuronal and glial migration and organization (Alcantara et al 2006). Normal cortical development and matu ...
... Reelin is a glycoprotein that has a fundamental neurodevelopmental role in the laminar and columnar organization of the cortex. It interacts with brain-derived neurotrophic factor to facilitate neuronal and glial migration and organization (Alcantara et al 2006). Normal cortical development and matu ...
Kiecker and Lumsden - McLoon Lab
... since been identified in all vertebrate model organisms and more recently also in some nonvertebrates (Darras et al. 2011, Meinhardt 2006, Nakamoto et al. 2011). Nowadays the term organizer is used more widely to describe groups of cells that can determine the fate of neighboring cell populations by ...
... since been identified in all vertebrate model organisms and more recently also in some nonvertebrates (Darras et al. 2011, Meinhardt 2006, Nakamoto et al. 2011). Nowadays the term organizer is used more widely to describe groups of cells that can determine the fate of neighboring cell populations by ...
Circadian Plasticity of Mammalian Inhibitory Interneurons
... levels also showed rhythmicity under LD conditions, with a maximum at night and minimum during the day [83]. A similar pattern of pre-pro-VIP/PHI mRNA level changes was reported by Albers et al. [84]. However, VIP protein concentration was constant during the day/night cycle, although constant light ...
... levels also showed rhythmicity under LD conditions, with a maximum at night and minimum during the day [83]. A similar pattern of pre-pro-VIP/PHI mRNA level changes was reported by Albers et al. [84]. However, VIP protein concentration was constant during the day/night cycle, although constant light ...
Projections of the paraventricular and paratenial nuclei
... Powdered lectin from PHA-L was reconstituted to 4 –5% in 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer (PB), pH 7.4. The PHA-L solution was iontophoretically deposited in the brains of anesthetized rats (sodium pentobarbital, 75 mg/ kg, ip) by means of a glass micropipette with an outside tip diameter of 40 – 60 ...
... Powdered lectin from PHA-L was reconstituted to 4 –5% in 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer (PB), pH 7.4. The PHA-L solution was iontophoretically deposited in the brains of anesthetized rats (sodium pentobarbital, 75 mg/ kg, ip) by means of a glass micropipette with an outside tip diameter of 40 – 60 ...
Fluorescent in situ hybridization technique for cell type identification
... can further be classified by expression of several well-known markers [4,7,17]. Because of such specific marker expression, antibody staining has been used extensively to histologically identify these neuronal subtypes. However, some proteins are not localized in the cell body (such as VGluT1) and d ...
... can further be classified by expression of several well-known markers [4,7,17]. Because of such specific marker expression, antibody staining has been used extensively to histologically identify these neuronal subtypes. However, some proteins are not localized in the cell body (such as VGluT1) and d ...
Teaming AP Practice Test
... c. delivered as soon as possible after the behavior has been performed d. a secondary reinforcer 55. In general, the longer the delay between a response and reinforcement, a. the faster conditioning proceeds b. the more effective the reinforcer becomes c. the more slowly conditioning proceeds d. the ...
... c. delivered as soon as possible after the behavior has been performed d. a secondary reinforcer 55. In general, the longer the delay between a response and reinforcement, a. the faster conditioning proceeds b. the more effective the reinforcer becomes c. the more slowly conditioning proceeds d. the ...
The neurobiology of Meditation and its clinical effectiveness in
... up-regulation in brain regions of internalised attention and emotion processing with Meditation. Many electrophysiological studies have examined the brain activation during a variety of concentrative Meditation techniques. A common finding has been that of increased low frequency activation of theta ...
... up-regulation in brain regions of internalised attention and emotion processing with Meditation. Many electrophysiological studies have examined the brain activation during a variety of concentrative Meditation techniques. A common finding has been that of increased low frequency activation of theta ...
Spatial tuning of reaching activity in the medial parieto
... To further minimize the role of vision during reaching, the brightness of the LED was reduced so that it was barely visible during the task. Indeed, the experimenter could not see the monkey hand approaching the target, even in dark-adapted conditions. ...
... To further minimize the role of vision during reaching, the brightness of the LED was reduced so that it was barely visible during the task. Indeed, the experimenter could not see the monkey hand approaching the target, even in dark-adapted conditions. ...
PowerPoint
... • The pons is located superior to the medulla. It connects the spinal cord with the brain and links parts of the brain with one another by way of tracts (Figures 14.1, 14.5). – relays nerve impulses related to voluntary skeletal movements from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum. – contains the pn ...
... • The pons is located superior to the medulla. It connects the spinal cord with the brain and links parts of the brain with one another by way of tracts (Figures 14.1, 14.5). – relays nerve impulses related to voluntary skeletal movements from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum. – contains the pn ...
A Comparison of Neural Spike Classification Techniques.
... Figure 1 shows a plot of the four exemplars that are associated with the Medial Sensillum. The first classification technique to be discussed is template matching [1,2]. Each class is associated with a template vector. In our case the templates are identical to the ensemble averages. The template me ...
... Figure 1 shows a plot of the four exemplars that are associated with the Medial Sensillum. The first classification technique to be discussed is template matching [1,2]. Each class is associated with a template vector. In our case the templates are identical to the ensemble averages. The template me ...
Spatiotemporal Profiles of Proprioception Processed by
... the position of the mandible. The mechanisms underlying cortical processing of proprioceptive information are critical to understanding how sensory information from the masticatory muscles regulates orofacial motor function. However, these mechanisms are mostly unknown. The present study aimed to id ...
... the position of the mandible. The mechanisms underlying cortical processing of proprioceptive information are critical to understanding how sensory information from the masticatory muscles regulates orofacial motor function. However, these mechanisms are mostly unknown. The present study aimed to id ...
Physiological Plasticity of Single Neurons in Auditory Cortex of the
... recording sessions. In some cases, recording was terminated after the sixth block of conditioning [Trial 30] due to deterioration of isolation of discharges from single units; the numbers of subjects for Blocks 7-9 were 12, 8, and 7.) ...
... recording sessions. In some cases, recording was terminated after the sixth block of conditioning [Trial 30] due to deterioration of isolation of discharges from single units; the numbers of subjects for Blocks 7-9 were 12, 8, and 7.) ...
Symmetrical hemispheric priming in spatial neglect: A
... 2008; Oliveri et al., 1999). However, little is known about whether lesion-induced changes in hemispheric balance affect other higher-order representational systems, such as lexico-semantic and numerical memory. That is, behavioral studies with normal people have shown that the two hemispheres each ...
... 2008; Oliveri et al., 1999). However, little is known about whether lesion-induced changes in hemispheric balance affect other higher-order representational systems, such as lexico-semantic and numerical memory. That is, behavioral studies with normal people have shown that the two hemispheres each ...
Temporal Profiles of Axon Terminals, Synapses and Spines in the
... minutes each time, with a 5-hour interval between the 2 occlusions, anesthesia was discontinued immediately after each cervical surgery, the animals soon became awake and moved spontaneously. Ischemia-positive animals registering ⬎13 points were selected based on the stroke index score determined du ...
... minutes each time, with a 5-hour interval between the 2 occlusions, anesthesia was discontinued immediately after each cervical surgery, the animals soon became awake and moved spontaneously. Ischemia-positive animals registering ⬎13 points were selected based on the stroke index score determined du ...
What is psychology - Kirkwood Community College
... 1. Define memory and the construction process (p. 247) 2. Describe the information processing model to memory, from encoding to storage to retrieval, and compare this model to the parallel distributed processing and levels of processing models (pp. 248-250). 3. Define and describe the stages of memo ...
... 1. Define memory and the construction process (p. 247) 2. Describe the information processing model to memory, from encoding to storage to retrieval, and compare this model to the parallel distributed processing and levels of processing models (pp. 248-250). 3. Define and describe the stages of memo ...
Linking Objects to Actions: Encoding of Target Object and Grasping
... world objects can be grasped in many different ways depending on the situation. It is not clear how PMv circuits could flexibly link either the same action to multiple objects or multiple actions to the same object. In this study, we used multielectrode arrays to record neural ensemble activity in P ...
... world objects can be grasped in many different ways depending on the situation. It is not clear how PMv circuits could flexibly link either the same action to multiple objects or multiple actions to the same object. In this study, we used multielectrode arrays to record neural ensemble activity in P ...
How is Epilepsy Diagnosed?
... with one another; some provoke others into sending further messages (excitation), while others tend to block them (inhibition). The proper working of the brain depends on a balance between these: too many nerve cells sending messages at once without enough being blocked can produce a sort of electri ...
... with one another; some provoke others into sending further messages (excitation), while others tend to block them (inhibition). The proper working of the brain depends on a balance between these: too many nerve cells sending messages at once without enough being blocked can produce a sort of electri ...
as a PDF
... regions (Fig. 1) known to contain preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in experimental animals. Medium-sized neurons were located in a region bordered by the spinal trigeminal nucleus laterally, the facial nucleus medially and the medial vestibular nucleus dorsally. Rostrally, these neurons were sc ...
... regions (Fig. 1) known to contain preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in experimental animals. Medium-sized neurons were located in a region bordered by the spinal trigeminal nucleus laterally, the facial nucleus medially and the medial vestibular nucleus dorsally. Rostrally, these neurons were sc ...
Organization of Visual Inputs to the Inferior Temporal and Posterior
... alone suggests some relationship between the dorsal/ventral and magno/parvo schemes. However, many of the anatomical and functional details of this relationship remain to be worked out. Previous anatomical studies have revealed many of the inputs to the posterior parietal and inferior temporal corte ...
... alone suggests some relationship between the dorsal/ventral and magno/parvo schemes. However, many of the anatomical and functional details of this relationship remain to be worked out. Previous anatomical studies have revealed many of the inputs to the posterior parietal and inferior temporal corte ...