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... well as large portions of the occipital and prefrontal cortex. The layout of the 24 functional image slices is superimposed on a single-subject’s T1-weighted anatomical scan. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008691.g001 ...
... well as large portions of the occipital and prefrontal cortex. The layout of the 24 functional image slices is superimposed on a single-subject’s T1-weighted anatomical scan. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008691.g001 ...
Predictions not commands: active inference in the motor system
... In predictive coding, backward projections from one hierarchical level to its subordinate level furnish predictions of the lower level’s representations, while reciprocal forward projections convey prediction errors that report the difference between the representation and the prediction (Mumford 19 ...
... In predictive coding, backward projections from one hierarchical level to its subordinate level furnish predictions of the lower level’s representations, while reciprocal forward projections convey prediction errors that report the difference between the representation and the prediction (Mumford 19 ...
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Neuroscientific Probe of
... currents and result in scalp burn, unless appropriate electrode materials (e.g., plastic) or shapes (e.g., slotted) are used (14). A particularly appealing aspect of combining TMS with other imaging techniques is that it becomes possible to obtain physiological, objective measures of TMS effects, ra ...
... currents and result in scalp burn, unless appropriate electrode materials (e.g., plastic) or shapes (e.g., slotted) are used (14). A particularly appealing aspect of combining TMS with other imaging techniques is that it becomes possible to obtain physiological, objective measures of TMS effects, ra ...
Taste, olfactory, and food reward value processing
... food texture inputs are processed in the brain, how a representation of reward value is produced and is related to subjective pleasure, how cognition and selective attention influence this value-related processing, and how decisions are taken between stimuli with different reward value. The approach ...
... food texture inputs are processed in the brain, how a representation of reward value is produced and is related to subjective pleasure, how cognition and selective attention influence this value-related processing, and how decisions are taken between stimuli with different reward value. The approach ...
In VivoCalcium Imaging Reveals Functional Rewiring of Single
... Foundation of Canada, CIHR, Canadian Stroke Network, and AstraZeneca Canada). Partial support for surgery, hardware, and software development was derived from the University of British Columbia In Vivo Imaging Centre (funded by CIHR Grant PRG-80144). We thank Ping Li, Pumin Wang, and Heidi Erb for e ...
... Foundation of Canada, CIHR, Canadian Stroke Network, and AstraZeneca Canada). Partial support for surgery, hardware, and software development was derived from the University of British Columbia In Vivo Imaging Centre (funded by CIHR Grant PRG-80144). We thank Ping Li, Pumin Wang, and Heidi Erb for e ...
Contribution of Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Neurons to
... PPTN also projects to the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) (Beninato and Spencer 1986) that encode an error signal for reinforcement learning (Schultz 1998). PPTN receives limbic inputs from the hypothalamus, the ventral tegmental area (Semba and Fibiger 1992), and th ...
... PPTN also projects to the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) (Beninato and Spencer 1986) that encode an error signal for reinforcement learning (Schultz 1998). PPTN receives limbic inputs from the hypothalamus, the ventral tegmental area (Semba and Fibiger 1992), and th ...
Stereotyped responses of Drosophila peptidergic neuronal
... of activity, which can be recorded in intact (Kim et al., 2015, Lahr et al., 2012; Park et al., 2003) and puparium-free preparations (Kim et al., 2006; cf., Figure 2, below). In addition, fictive ecdysis can be visualized in ex vivo CNS preparations challenged with ETH that express the calcium senso ...
... of activity, which can be recorded in intact (Kim et al., 2015, Lahr et al., 2012; Park et al., 2003) and puparium-free preparations (Kim et al., 2006; cf., Figure 2, below). In addition, fictive ecdysis can be visualized in ex vivo CNS preparations challenged with ETH that express the calcium senso ...
Evidence for implication of primate area V1 in neural 3
... spatial coordinates of the eyes. Shifts in preferred disparity also occurred in several neurons. Cells tested in calcarine V1 at retinal eccentricities larger than 10°, show that horizontal disparity is encoded at least up to 20° around both the horizontal and vertical meridians. At these large reti ...
... spatial coordinates of the eyes. Shifts in preferred disparity also occurred in several neurons. Cells tested in calcarine V1 at retinal eccentricities larger than 10°, show that horizontal disparity is encoded at least up to 20° around both the horizontal and vertical meridians. At these large reti ...
Lecture notes Neural Computation
... system is hard to study in isolation. Neurons have a narrow range of operating conditions (temperature, oxygen, presence of other neurons, ion concentrations, ... ) under which they work. Secondly, the neurons form a highly interconnected network. The function of the nervous systems depends on this ...
... system is hard to study in isolation. Neurons have a narrow range of operating conditions (temperature, oxygen, presence of other neurons, ion concentrations, ... ) under which they work. Secondly, the neurons form a highly interconnected network. The function of the nervous systems depends on this ...
Molecular Analysis of Developmental Plasticity in Neocortex
... adult mice lacking the a-CaMKII gene, where there is a significant decrease in experience-dependent plasticity of the barrel cortex, plasticity in the developing barrel cortex seems wholly intact (Glazewski et al., 1996). Since development of eye preference is disrupted in approximately half the ani ...
... adult mice lacking the a-CaMKII gene, where there is a significant decrease in experience-dependent plasticity of the barrel cortex, plasticity in the developing barrel cortex seems wholly intact (Glazewski et al., 1996). Since development of eye preference is disrupted in approximately half the ani ...
CEREBRAL ACTIVATION DURING THERMAL
... spinoreticular projections to various brainstem nuclei and the limbic structures. [33] From the limbic system the nociceptive stimulus is conducted to both right and left cerebral cortices, expressing most likely, a bilateral activation. A word of caution is in place here because there are several a ...
... spinoreticular projections to various brainstem nuclei and the limbic structures. [33] From the limbic system the nociceptive stimulus is conducted to both right and left cerebral cortices, expressing most likely, a bilateral activation. A word of caution is in place here because there are several a ...
Role of Prefrontal and Parietal Cortices in Associative - ACT-R
... through a repeating cycle of study and test with enough time between trials to let the hemodynamic response from one trial return to baseline before the next trial. Figure 1 shows the procedures for the Paired and the Generated trials. Both conditions involved fourteen 2-s scans. Both conditions con ...
... through a repeating cycle of study and test with enough time between trials to let the hemodynamic response from one trial return to baseline before the next trial. Figure 1 shows the procedures for the Paired and the Generated trials. Both conditions involved fourteen 2-s scans. Both conditions con ...
Electroencephalogram based Brain
... strengths and weaknesses. For example, motor imagery requires user training and also the response time is slower (the imaginary movement causes changes in EEG to show up only after a few seconds) seconds but this paradigm circumvents a visual interface and also be can run in the asynchronous mode, t ...
... strengths and weaknesses. For example, motor imagery requires user training and also the response time is slower (the imaginary movement causes changes in EEG to show up only after a few seconds) seconds but this paradigm circumvents a visual interface and also be can run in the asynchronous mode, t ...
Postnatal growth and column spacing in cat primary visual cortex
... 1977; Lwel and Singer 1993) to visualize ocular dominance columns in the primary visual cortex of awake kittens. A total of 23 animals (from 14 litters) from our institutes’ colonies was used. The experiments were performed with 3- to 6-week-old animals because (1) ocular dominance columns cannot b ...
... 1977; Lwel and Singer 1993) to visualize ocular dominance columns in the primary visual cortex of awake kittens. A total of 23 animals (from 14 litters) from our institutes’ colonies was used. The experiments were performed with 3- to 6-week-old animals because (1) ocular dominance columns cannot b ...
Anatomical organization of the eye fields in the human and non
... have carried out a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study suggesting that the SEF may be located on the medial wall of the frontal lobe, close to the medial paracentral sulcus (Eberstaller, 1890). Finally, the human homolog of the monkey CEF is not known. Because of the lack of studies e ...
... have carried out a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study suggesting that the SEF may be located on the medial wall of the frontal lobe, close to the medial paracentral sulcus (Eberstaller, 1890). Finally, the human homolog of the monkey CEF is not known. Because of the lack of studies e ...
What is the function of the claustrum? - Christof Koch
... No region projects everywhere, yet there are a number of more local maps which overlap somewhat. To give an example, orbital frontal cortex projects to the entire claustrum except the visual part. All these complicated interactions show that the cortical areas act in groups. There is strong interact ...
... No region projects everywhere, yet there are a number of more local maps which overlap somewhat. To give an example, orbital frontal cortex projects to the entire claustrum except the visual part. All these complicated interactions show that the cortical areas act in groups. There is strong interact ...
Neuronal and microglial cathepsins in aging and age
... Although the mutant mice could develop normally during the first 2 weeks, they stopped thriving in the third week, decreased in weight, and then died between 25 and 27 days. At the cellular level, however, lysosomal bulk proteolysis was maintained in these mice. It was concluded that the essential f ...
... Although the mutant mice could develop normally during the first 2 weeks, they stopped thriving in the third week, decreased in weight, and then died between 25 and 27 days. At the cellular level, however, lysosomal bulk proteolysis was maintained in these mice. It was concluded that the essential f ...
article in press - Neurobiology of Vocal Communication
... against the body will elicit crying without any prior experience. Studies in deaf-born infants reveal that, in addition to crying, a number of other non-verbal emotional vocal utterances also are genetically determined [45]. Furthermore, almost all nonhuman mammalian vocalizations belong to this typ ...
... against the body will elicit crying without any prior experience. Studies in deaf-born infants reveal that, in addition to crying, a number of other non-verbal emotional vocal utterances also are genetically determined [45]. Furthermore, almost all nonhuman mammalian vocalizations belong to this typ ...
Document
... maintaining normal motor behavior. -Decreased; muscles are rigid and movements are difficult. i.e. Parkinson’s Disease (T.R.A.P.) -Increased; May be related to schizophrenia (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech) ...
... maintaining normal motor behavior. -Decreased; muscles are rigid and movements are difficult. i.e. Parkinson’s Disease (T.R.A.P.) -Increased; May be related to schizophrenia (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech) ...
A Critical Review of the Role of the Proposed VMpo Nucleus in Pain
... Projection of Lamina I STT Cells to the Proposed VMpo Nucleus Recordings were made by Dostrovsky and Craig48 from a sample of 27 monkey lamina I STT cells that were antidromically activated from the region of what Craig and colleagues regard as the VMpo nucleus (Fig 3A). Of these, 20 were classified ...
... Projection of Lamina I STT Cells to the Proposed VMpo Nucleus Recordings were made by Dostrovsky and Craig48 from a sample of 27 monkey lamina I STT cells that were antidromically activated from the region of what Craig and colleagues regard as the VMpo nucleus (Fig 3A). Of these, 20 were classified ...
hoofdstuk 8 - VU-dare
... A number of studies have investigated the neural correlates of juvenile precursors of psychopathy (Finger et al., 2008; Marsh et al., 2008; Jones et al., 2009; Marsh et al., 2011). Most of these neuroimaging studies investigated psychopathy as a categorical or unidimensional construct, or focused on ...
... A number of studies have investigated the neural correlates of juvenile precursors of psychopathy (Finger et al., 2008; Marsh et al., 2008; Jones et al., 2009; Marsh et al., 2011). Most of these neuroimaging studies investigated psychopathy as a categorical or unidimensional construct, or focused on ...
Get PDF - IOS Press
... side effects [45]. Several acute side reactions such as pronounced pain, weight loss, diarrhea, hyperplasia, increased epileptic and motor activity, have been documented when high levels of neurotrophins are administered in animal models or in human trials of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The probl ...
... side effects [45]. Several acute side reactions such as pronounced pain, weight loss, diarrhea, hyperplasia, increased epileptic and motor activity, have been documented when high levels of neurotrophins are administered in animal models or in human trials of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The probl ...
Patterns of neuronal migration in the embryonic cortex
... in the MZ before turning again to enter the cortical plate to reach their final positions [36]. Interestingly, a proportion of tangentially migrating neurons from all cortical layers were observed to undergo ventricle-directed migration to the VZ in slice-culture preparations [37]. Upon reaching the ...
... in the MZ before turning again to enter the cortical plate to reach their final positions [36]. Interestingly, a proportion of tangentially migrating neurons from all cortical layers were observed to undergo ventricle-directed migration to the VZ in slice-culture preparations [37]. Upon reaching the ...