- CUNY Academic Works
... primary rewards acquire the ability to act as conditioned stimuli (CSs), which can elicit conditioned approach behaviors similar to the primary rewards with which they are associated. Involved in this type of learning is the brain’s reward system, the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system, which or ...
... primary rewards acquire the ability to act as conditioned stimuli (CSs), which can elicit conditioned approach behaviors similar to the primary rewards with which they are associated. Involved in this type of learning is the brain’s reward system, the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system, which or ...
Contraction Properties of VLSI Cooperative Competitive Neural
... responses qualitatively similar to standard linear I&F neurons [20]. A steady state solution is easily computable for a network of linear threshold units [5, 21]: it is a fixed point in state space, i.e. a set of activities for the neurons. In a VLSI network of I&F neurons the steady state will be m ...
... responses qualitatively similar to standard linear I&F neurons [20]. A steady state solution is easily computable for a network of linear threshold units [5, 21]: it is a fixed point in state space, i.e. a set of activities for the neurons. In a VLSI network of I&F neurons the steady state will be m ...
THE DUAL-‐PROCESS THEORY
... The central claim of Haidt’s SIM theory is that one’s moral judgments of what is good and bad is a result of moral intuition (Haidt, 2001). These thoughts include the thought of affective valence of what is good and bad, what one likes or dislikes without being conscious of how exactly one came to t ...
... The central claim of Haidt’s SIM theory is that one’s moral judgments of what is good and bad is a result of moral intuition (Haidt, 2001). These thoughts include the thought of affective valence of what is good and bad, what one likes or dislikes without being conscious of how exactly one came to t ...
Hemispheric asymmetries of cortical volume in the human brain
... cortical thickness measures and surface area parcellation boundaries. We found multiple regional hemispheric asymmetries which are summarized in Fig. 1 and Table 1. In order to highlight the most robust and best articulated patterns of asymmetries, the results and discussion below detail only those ...
... cortical thickness measures and surface area parcellation boundaries. We found multiple regional hemispheric asymmetries which are summarized in Fig. 1 and Table 1. In order to highlight the most robust and best articulated patterns of asymmetries, the results and discussion below detail only those ...
JERZY KONORSKI`S THEORY OF CONDITIONED
... conditioned r e s p e s are the result of the mutual interaction betmeen two arcs of excibatolry conditioned reflexes. In the case of alimentary reflexes, one reflex arc is formed as an result of association of a definite conditioned stimulus with food, as an uncmditioned stimulus. The other reflex ...
... conditioned r e s p e s are the result of the mutual interaction betmeen two arcs of excibatolry conditioned reflexes. In the case of alimentary reflexes, one reflex arc is formed as an result of association of a definite conditioned stimulus with food, as an uncmditioned stimulus. The other reflex ...
Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Depression? Choose Horses for
... Second, their definition of the “other therapies” comparator group included multiple psychotherapies (as well as relaxation therapy and alternative bibliotherapy), risking the less powerful therapies in this group, obscuring the advantages of more efficacious psychotherapies, and thus risking overst ...
... Second, their definition of the “other therapies” comparator group included multiple psychotherapies (as well as relaxation therapy and alternative bibliotherapy), risking the less powerful therapies in this group, obscuring the advantages of more efficacious psychotherapies, and thus risking overst ...
Learned Helplessness at Fifty: Insights From Neuroscience
... in the hammock to press a panel with their noses to turn off each shock. The second group is yoked to the ESC group. In this initial experiment, on each trial the yoked group subjects received the average duration of shock that the ESC group produced on each trial. However, in most subsequent experi ...
... in the hammock to press a panel with their noses to turn off each shock. The second group is yoked to the ESC group. In this initial experiment, on each trial the yoked group subjects received the average duration of shock that the ESC group produced on each trial. However, in most subsequent experi ...
Wager, T. D., Kang, J., Johnson, T. D., Nichols, T. E., Satpute, A. B.
... one emotion type from another, it is not clear that these findings are reliable enough (with sufficiently large effects) or generalizable enough across studies to meaningfully use brain information to infer what type of emotion was experienced. Recently, studies have begun to take a pattern-based vi ...
... one emotion type from another, it is not clear that these findings are reliable enough (with sufficiently large effects) or generalizable enough across studies to meaningfully use brain information to infer what type of emotion was experienced. Recently, studies have begun to take a pattern-based vi ...
the anatomy and neurosecretory system of the
... and illustrations made by Pallas in 1766 are still noteworthy for their accuracy and interest. In 1857 the same species was found by Kinberg, who, considering it to be a new species, named it Hermodice carunculata, by which name it is known today. Hermodice carunculata occurs on living coral reefs a ...
... and illustrations made by Pallas in 1766 are still noteworthy for their accuracy and interest. In 1857 the same species was found by Kinberg, who, considering it to be a new species, named it Hermodice carunculata, by which name it is known today. Hermodice carunculata occurs on living coral reefs a ...
Optimisation of cognitive performance in rodent operant
... Thus, the choice of reinforcer can be important in such studies, for a number of reasons. For example, researchers may wish to select reinforcers that elicit high rates of responding in order to minimize training times, thereby enhancing throughput. Therefore, the efficiency of a particular operant ...
... Thus, the choice of reinforcer can be important in such studies, for a number of reasons. For example, researchers may wish to select reinforcers that elicit high rates of responding in order to minimize training times, thereby enhancing throughput. Therefore, the efficiency of a particular operant ...
REPRESENTATION OF CENTRAL VISUAL FIELDS IN
... about 6-7 m m long and about 1.5 m m in width. The map provided by Talbot and Marshall 16 was used as a reference in making these lesions. Monkey K S 12 had a lesion that was parallel and posterior to the representation of the vertical meridian of the lower visual field on the striate cortex. In the ...
... about 6-7 m m long and about 1.5 m m in width. The map provided by Talbot and Marshall 16 was used as a reference in making these lesions. Monkey K S 12 had a lesion that was parallel and posterior to the representation of the vertical meridian of the lower visual field on the striate cortex. In the ...
Isn`t it ironic? Neural Correlates of Irony Comprehension in
... the brain regions associated with comprehension of prosody, such as the right superior temporal cortex [41,42]. Further, this would mirror fMRI findings in autism, where prosody interacts with fMRI correlates during irony comprehension [43]. Nevertheless, the importance of prosody for irony comprehe ...
... the brain regions associated with comprehension of prosody, such as the right superior temporal cortex [41,42]. Further, this would mirror fMRI findings in autism, where prosody interacts with fMRI correlates during irony comprehension [43]. Nevertheless, the importance of prosody for irony comprehe ...
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... this end, I recorded preparatory activity of single FEF neurons and manipulated the preparatory activity of neuronal ensembles within the FEF while a monkey played an oculomotor version of the mixed-‐strateg ...
... this end, I recorded preparatory activity of single FEF neurons and manipulated the preparatory activity of neuronal ensembles within the FEF while a monkey played an oculomotor version of the mixed-‐strateg ...
working draft - DAVID KAPLAN | Macquarie University
... and the machine code)” (Johnson-Laird 1983, 9). It is important to keep these two notions of autonomy distinct because the evidence against the methodological autonomy of psychology from neuroscience is relatively strong, whereas the case concerning the explanatory autonomy of psychology remains far ...
... and the machine code)” (Johnson-Laird 1983, 9). It is important to keep these two notions of autonomy distinct because the evidence against the methodological autonomy of psychology from neuroscience is relatively strong, whereas the case concerning the explanatory autonomy of psychology remains far ...
Basal Ganglia YAYDAR 2012-2013
... – (1) to determine how rapidly the movement is to be performed and – (2) to control how large the movement will be. • For instance, a person may write the letter "a" slowly or rapidly. Also, he or she may write a small "a" on a piece of paper or a large "a" on a chalkboard. Regardless of the choice, ...
... – (1) to determine how rapidly the movement is to be performed and – (2) to control how large the movement will be. • For instance, a person may write the letter "a" slowly or rapidly. Also, he or she may write a small "a" on a piece of paper or a large "a" on a chalkboard. Regardless of the choice, ...
Learning and Conditioning Tutorials
... through the use of teaching machines, and these machines have evolved into today's computer assisted instruction. Appropriate social behaviors can also be developed and maintained through operant conditioning using more secondary forms of reinforcement, which may even collectively define what is cal ...
... through the use of teaching machines, and these machines have evolved into today's computer assisted instruction. Appropriate social behaviors can also be developed and maintained through operant conditioning using more secondary forms of reinforcement, which may even collectively define what is cal ...
A Contemporary Behavior Analysis of Anxiety and
... From a behavior-analytic perspective, the unabashed mentalistic nature of explanations based on two-factor theory may be sufficient for some readers to dismiss it (e.g., Schoenfeld, 1950). It is important, however, to note that two-factor theory was originally intended to evade the seemingly anomalo ...
... From a behavior-analytic perspective, the unabashed mentalistic nature of explanations based on two-factor theory may be sufficient for some readers to dismiss it (e.g., Schoenfeld, 1950). It is important, however, to note that two-factor theory was originally intended to evade the seemingly anomalo ...
the functional properties of the light
... what are called associative functions, the neural mechanisms of those associations are still unclear. The second general concept is that the inferior parietal lobule is a higher order processing area of the visual system, for it is known to receive convergent inputs from both the geniculostriate and ...
... what are called associative functions, the neural mechanisms of those associations are still unclear. The second general concept is that the inferior parietal lobule is a higher order processing area of the visual system, for it is known to receive convergent inputs from both the geniculostriate and ...
A Double-labeling Investigation of the Afferent Connectivity to
... the region of overlap of the two populations of single-labeled neurons. We concluded from this observation that the two branches of a bifurcating axon terminate in cortical regions representing the same portion of the visual field. Since then, several experimental results have led us to revise this ...
... the region of overlap of the two populations of single-labeled neurons. We concluded from this observation that the two branches of a bifurcating axon terminate in cortical regions representing the same portion of the visual field. Since then, several experimental results have led us to revise this ...
Plasticity during stroke recovery: from synapse to behaviour
... cortex that process hindlimb signals despite infarction to primary forelimb sensory areas40. It is therefore possible that diffuse off-target signalling could be strengthened over the days, weeks and months over which recovery from stroke damage occurs17,41,42. Although spared diffuse connections pr ...
... cortex that process hindlimb signals despite infarction to primary forelimb sensory areas40. It is therefore possible that diffuse off-target signalling could be strengthened over the days, weeks and months over which recovery from stroke damage occurs17,41,42. Although spared diffuse connections pr ...
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... Shulman and colleagues showed that a node proximal to the DMN (i.e., the right temporo-parietal junction, TPJ) was suppressed during correct performance of a demanding visual search task [50]. Deactivation of regions considered to be part of the DMN during encoding of novel information has been show ...
... Shulman and colleagues showed that a node proximal to the DMN (i.e., the right temporo-parietal junction, TPJ) was suppressed during correct performance of a demanding visual search task [50]. Deactivation of regions considered to be part of the DMN during encoding of novel information has been show ...
Optimisation of cognitive performance in rodent operant
... Thus, the choice of reinforcer can be important in such studies, for a number of reasons. For example, researchers may wish to select reinforcers that elicit high rates of responding in order to minimize training times, thereby enhancing throughput. Therefore, the efficiency of a particular operant ...
... Thus, the choice of reinforcer can be important in such studies, for a number of reasons. For example, researchers may wish to select reinforcers that elicit high rates of responding in order to minimize training times, thereby enhancing throughput. Therefore, the efficiency of a particular operant ...
Reith RM, McKenna J, Wu H, Hashmi SS, Cho SH, Dash PK, Gambello MJ. Loss of Tsc2 in Purkinje cells is associated with autistic-like behavior in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex. Neurobiology of Disease. 2013 Mar;51:93-103.
... in Tsc2f/f;Cre mice, suggesting that Purkinje cell pathology is sufficient to induce ASD-like behavior. Importantly, social behavior deficits were prevented with rapamycin treatment. Altogether, these results demonstrate that loss of Tsc2 in Purkinje cells in a Tsc2-haploinsufficient background leads t ...
... in Tsc2f/f;Cre mice, suggesting that Purkinje cell pathology is sufficient to induce ASD-like behavior. Importantly, social behavior deficits were prevented with rapamycin treatment. Altogether, these results demonstrate that loss of Tsc2 in Purkinje cells in a Tsc2-haploinsufficient background leads t ...
Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Autism Spectrum
... empathize. It was then hypothesized that autism is marked by an extreme systemizing approach above and beyond the normal male’s predisposition to systemization (27–29). Social deficits observed in ASD as well as the increased prevalence in males could be explained by this shift along the empathizing ...
... empathize. It was then hypothesized that autism is marked by an extreme systemizing approach above and beyond the normal male’s predisposition to systemization (27–29). Social deficits observed in ASD as well as the increased prevalence in males could be explained by this shift along the empathizing ...