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Acceleration of visually cued conditioned fear through the
... auditory cortex, causing these structures to acquire, through development, a new function that can be used to detect visual stimuli. It remains unknown, however, whether or not novel inputs to existing pathways and structures can also induce, in adulthood, functional plasticity capable of mediating ...
... auditory cortex, causing these structures to acquire, through development, a new function that can be used to detect visual stimuli. It remains unknown, however, whether or not novel inputs to existing pathways and structures can also induce, in adulthood, functional plasticity capable of mediating ...
Psychopharmacology - Where can my students do assignments that
... reinforcing (Goeders & Smith, 1983) – Surprising finding – Not known why • Differences in how cocaine and amphetamine work at the synapse? • Anesthetic effects of cocaine? ...
... reinforcing (Goeders & Smith, 1983) – Surprising finding – Not known why • Differences in how cocaine and amphetamine work at the synapse? • Anesthetic effects of cocaine? ...
Induction of NADPH diaphoraselnitric oxide synthase in the spinal
... possible that some of the injured neurons may represent motoneurons projecting to the spinal cord. Since neurons in injury such as ischaemia are described to release glutamate (Rothman and Olncy, 1987; Dragunow et al., 1990; Collaco et al., 1994) and since glutamatergic neurotransmission through the ...
... possible that some of the injured neurons may represent motoneurons projecting to the spinal cord. Since neurons in injury such as ischaemia are described to release glutamate (Rothman and Olncy, 1987; Dragunow et al., 1990; Collaco et al., 1994) and since glutamatergic neurotransmission through the ...
Neurotransmitter Profile of Saccadic Omnipause Neurons in
... was compared to that of a previous monkey, which had received a similar WGA-HRP injection (0.4 ~1, 2.5%) into the riMLF. In situ hybridization for GAD mRNA In situ hybridization was performed to visualize the mRNA encoding the GABA-synthesizing enzyme GAD. One macaque monkey was killed with an overd ...
... was compared to that of a previous monkey, which had received a similar WGA-HRP injection (0.4 ~1, 2.5%) into the riMLF. In situ hybridization for GAD mRNA In situ hybridization was performed to visualize the mRNA encoding the GABA-synthesizing enzyme GAD. One macaque monkey was killed with an overd ...
MECHANISMS OF CENTRAL TRANSMISSION OF RESPIRATORY
... The scheme of Table I may be valid only for the efferent part of the system whereas in the proper central interneurons other kinds of reaction are conceivable. f i r the efferent part of the inspiratmy neurons phrenic nerve activity is a good indicator. A closed population of expiratory neurons was ...
... The scheme of Table I may be valid only for the efferent part of the system whereas in the proper central interneurons other kinds of reaction are conceivable. f i r the efferent part of the inspiratmy neurons phrenic nerve activity is a good indicator. A closed population of expiratory neurons was ...
Inhibition of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases by
... countries with high-quality health care have shown striking geographic differences in the occurrence of not only hormone-related types of cancer such as breast and prostate cancers [1–3] but also cancers of the digestive tract [4], and hormone-dependent cardiovascular diseases [5], and also in the p ...
... countries with high-quality health care have shown striking geographic differences in the occurrence of not only hormone-related types of cancer such as breast and prostate cancers [1–3] but also cancers of the digestive tract [4], and hormone-dependent cardiovascular diseases [5], and also in the p ...
Multiple hypothalamic circuits sense and regulate glucose levels
... while deletion of MCH or MCH1R in mice leads to increased wheel-running activity (115). These data suggest that endogenous MCH promotes sleep and suppresses locomotor activity and energy expenditure, i.e., the opposite of actions of orexins/ hypocretins. It should be noted that, while MCH neurons ar ...
... while deletion of MCH or MCH1R in mice leads to increased wheel-running activity (115). These data suggest that endogenous MCH promotes sleep and suppresses locomotor activity and energy expenditure, i.e., the opposite of actions of orexins/ hypocretins. It should be noted that, while MCH neurons ar ...
Telencephalon
... GABA-ergic interneurons Large Cholinergic interneurons Interneurons provide local surrounding inhibition Large cholinergic interneurons are Tonically Active Neurons (TANS) function in learning and reward behavior ...
... GABA-ergic interneurons Large Cholinergic interneurons Interneurons provide local surrounding inhibition Large cholinergic interneurons are Tonically Active Neurons (TANS) function in learning and reward behavior ...
Hindbrain noradrenergic A2 neurons: diverse roles in autonomic
... Submitted 24 August 2010; accepted in final form 13 October 2010 ...
... Submitted 24 August 2010; accepted in final form 13 October 2010 ...
Neurofilaments and Orthograde Transport Are Reduced in Ventral
... mice. The NF inclusions contain NFL epitopes revealed by a rabbit anti-NFL polyclonal antiserum (A and B). Notably, the vacuolar pathology (arrowheads) in the rederived G93A mice in the terminal stages of MND (230 d of age in B) is less prominent than in the original line of G93A mice at a similar t ...
... mice. The NF inclusions contain NFL epitopes revealed by a rabbit anti-NFL polyclonal antiserum (A and B). Notably, the vacuolar pathology (arrowheads) in the rederived G93A mice in the terminal stages of MND (230 d of age in B) is less prominent than in the original line of G93A mice at a similar t ...
Oxidative stress-driven parvalbumin interneuron impairment as a
... detection, prevention and treatment. Here, we review published data and present novel results which provide compelling evidence for the convergence of various genetic and environmental risk factors onto oxidative stress leading to PVI impairment. We propose this represents a 'common pathological pat ...
... detection, prevention and treatment. Here, we review published data and present novel results which provide compelling evidence for the convergence of various genetic and environmental risk factors onto oxidative stress leading to PVI impairment. We propose this represents a 'common pathological pat ...
Cellular Mechanisms in the Amygdala Involved in Memory
... for adapting to threatening events for survival. Moreover, fear can lead to a number of anxiety disorders when aberrantly expressed. Defining the cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying fear memory will enhance our understanding of biological mechanism to enemies, as well as our ability to devel ...
... for adapting to threatening events for survival. Moreover, fear can lead to a number of anxiety disorders when aberrantly expressed. Defining the cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying fear memory will enhance our understanding of biological mechanism to enemies, as well as our ability to devel ...
THE PEDUNCULOPONTINE NUCLEUS: Towards a Functional
... neurons. By tracing the projections from the PPN and labelling the cholinergic cells, Semba and colleagues (1990) observed that some of the projection cells, which were negative for ChAT, were located dorsal to the population that were positive for ChAT. In other words, classical targets of the PPN ...
... neurons. By tracing the projections from the PPN and labelling the cholinergic cells, Semba and colleagues (1990) observed that some of the projection cells, which were negative for ChAT, were located dorsal to the population that were positive for ChAT. In other words, classical targets of the PPN ...
Olfaction and the Chemical Senses
... (Kallquist and Mossing, 1982) and for many other purposes. More importantly, the olfactory system is able to perform such recognition both innately (see Chapter 3; Simpson and White, 1990; Tabuchi et al., 1991; Matsumoto and Mizunami, 2000) and through learning (von Frisch, 1967). In addition to rec ...
... (Kallquist and Mossing, 1982) and for many other purposes. More importantly, the olfactory system is able to perform such recognition both innately (see Chapter 3; Simpson and White, 1990; Tabuchi et al., 1991; Matsumoto and Mizunami, 2000) and through learning (von Frisch, 1967). In addition to rec ...
Purves ch. 8 + Kandel ch. 23 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... the human hand. These corpuscles are particularly efficient in transducing information about the relatively low-frequency vibrations (30–50 Hz) that occur when textured objects are moved across the skin. Pacinian corpuscles are large encapsulated endings located in the subcutaneous tissue (and more ...
... the human hand. These corpuscles are particularly efficient in transducing information about the relatively low-frequency vibrations (30–50 Hz) that occur when textured objects are moved across the skin. Pacinian corpuscles are large encapsulated endings located in the subcutaneous tissue (and more ...
The Calcium Rationale in Aging and Alzheimer`s Disease
... NMDA receptor channel complex; and (3) activation of the Na+/Ca*+exchanger. Additional sources of free intracellular calcium come from release of intracellular stores (including organelles such as calciosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria) and release from Caz+-bindingproteins such as ...
... NMDA receptor channel complex; and (3) activation of the Na+/Ca*+exchanger. Additional sources of free intracellular calcium come from release of intracellular stores (including organelles such as calciosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria) and release from Caz+-bindingproteins such as ...
A Physiologically Plausible Model of Action Selection
... Each BG component of the functional anatomy in Figure 1 defines a neuron population in the model (five populations in all). For all simulations reported in this paper, we used N ⫽ 3 channels, each with n ⫽ 64 neurons per channel, making a total of 192 neurons per population. We denote these populati ...
... Each BG component of the functional anatomy in Figure 1 defines a neuron population in the model (five populations in all). For all simulations reported in this paper, we used N ⫽ 3 channels, each with n ⫽ 64 neurons per channel, making a total of 192 neurons per population. We denote these populati ...
http://www.utdallas.edu/~tres/papers/Disterhoftetal1994.pdf
... NMDA receptor channel complex; and (3) activation of the Na+/Ca*+exchanger. Additional sources of free intracellular calcium come from release of intracellular stores (including organelles such as calciosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria) and release from Caz+-bindingproteins such as ...
... NMDA receptor channel complex; and (3) activation of the Na+/Ca*+exchanger. Additional sources of free intracellular calcium come from release of intracellular stores (including organelles such as calciosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria) and release from Caz+-bindingproteins such as ...
the vagus nerve - European Medical Journal
... innervation through the pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2-S4), which terminates in the pelvic plexus and emerges as the colonic and rectal nerve.7-10 The afferent vagus nerve innervates the GI tract via vagal terminals both in the lamina propria11,12 and in the muscularis externa.13-15 However, the effere ...
... innervation through the pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2-S4), which terminates in the pelvic plexus and emerges as the colonic and rectal nerve.7-10 The afferent vagus nerve innervates the GI tract via vagal terminals both in the lamina propria11,12 and in the muscularis externa.13-15 However, the effere ...
as a PDF
... parasympathetic preganglionic neurons by appropriate retrograde transport studies in experimental animals {see Introduction). The distribution is also similar to that of NOSpositive neurons in the rabbit, cells which have been shown by double-labelling procedures to include salivatory preganglionic ...
... parasympathetic preganglionic neurons by appropriate retrograde transport studies in experimental animals {see Introduction). The distribution is also similar to that of NOSpositive neurons in the rabbit, cells which have been shown by double-labelling procedures to include salivatory preganglionic ...
Selective Loss of Catecholaminergic Wake–Active Neurons in a
... The presence of refractory wake impairments in many individuals with severe sleep apnea led us to hypothesize that the hypoxia/ reoxygenation events in sleep apnea permanently damage wake-active neurons. We now confirm that long-term exposure to hypoxia/ reoxygenation in adult mice results in irreve ...
... The presence of refractory wake impairments in many individuals with severe sleep apnea led us to hypothesize that the hypoxia/ reoxygenation events in sleep apnea permanently damage wake-active neurons. We now confirm that long-term exposure to hypoxia/ reoxygenation in adult mice results in irreve ...
Properties of Primary Sensory (Lemniscal) Synapses in the
... extremely fast (Sabatini and Regehr 1999). Corticothalamic synapses formed onto neurons of the ventrobasal thalamus display paired-pulse facilitation (Castro-Alamancos and Calcagnotto 1999). The next experiments (n ⫽ 10 neurons) explored the frequency-dependent properties of the lemniscal response a ...
... extremely fast (Sabatini and Regehr 1999). Corticothalamic synapses formed onto neurons of the ventrobasal thalamus display paired-pulse facilitation (Castro-Alamancos and Calcagnotto 1999). The next experiments (n ⫽ 10 neurons) explored the frequency-dependent properties of the lemniscal response a ...
Full-Text PDF
... a variety of techniques for activating neuronal tissue. Widely used stimulation modalities include deep brain stimulation (DBS), optogenetics, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), intracellular electrical stimulation, and extracellular electrical stimulation. Some activation modalities are inher ...
... a variety of techniques for activating neuronal tissue. Widely used stimulation modalities include deep brain stimulation (DBS), optogenetics, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), intracellular electrical stimulation, and extracellular electrical stimulation. Some activation modalities are inher ...
Overview - Sinauer Associates
... 100 different neurotransmitters, which can be classified into two broad categories: small-molecule neurotransmitters and neuropeptides (see Chapter 6). Having more than one transmitter diversifies the physiological repertoire of synapses. Multiple neurotransmitters can produce different types of res ...
... 100 different neurotransmitters, which can be classified into two broad categories: small-molecule neurotransmitters and neuropeptides (see Chapter 6). Having more than one transmitter diversifies the physiological repertoire of synapses. Multiple neurotransmitters can produce different types of res ...