Representation of Acoustic Communication Signals
... hindlegs across their forewings. The songs are characterized by a broadband carrier signal with frequencies in the range of 5– 40 kHz and amplitudes that are modulated in a species- and task-specific temporal pattern (Elsner, 1974; Meyer and Elsner, 1996). This amplitudemodulation signal (AM signal) ...
... hindlegs across their forewings. The songs are characterized by a broadband carrier signal with frequencies in the range of 5– 40 kHz and amplitudes that are modulated in a species- and task-specific temporal pattern (Elsner, 1974; Meyer and Elsner, 1996). This amplitudemodulation signal (AM signal) ...
Segundo trabajo
... in striatal cells, cultures were treated for 1h with specific inhibitors before the addition of the trophic factor (50 ng/ml). Pretreatment with PD98059 (25-50 µM) or U0126 (510 µM) reduced GDNF-induced p42/p44 phosphorylation (Fig. 2A). Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of PI3-K inhibitors in p42 ...
... in striatal cells, cultures were treated for 1h with specific inhibitors before the addition of the trophic factor (50 ng/ml). Pretreatment with PD98059 (25-50 µM) or U0126 (510 µM) reduced GDNF-induced p42/p44 phosphorylation (Fig. 2A). Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of PI3-K inhibitors in p42 ...
The Location and Function of NMDA Receptors in Cat
... eye without changes in orientation or direction selectivity (Wiese1and Hubel, 1963); orientation or direction deprivation leads to changes in direction specificity without altering the balance of inputs from the 2 eyes (Blakemore and Van Sluyters, 1975; Berman and Daw, 1977). However, infusion of AP ...
... eye without changes in orientation or direction selectivity (Wiese1and Hubel, 1963); orientation or direction deprivation leads to changes in direction specificity without altering the balance of inputs from the 2 eyes (Blakemore and Van Sluyters, 1975; Berman and Daw, 1977). However, infusion of AP ...
Association of type I neurons positive for NADPH
... subset has been identified within the parenchyma of the corpus callosum, where a role in circuitry might seem less likely. Since these neurons are more abundant in development, they have been considered as likely to figure in processes of axon guidance (Riederer et al., 2004; Niquille et al., 2009). I ...
... subset has been identified within the parenchyma of the corpus callosum, where a role in circuitry might seem less likely. Since these neurons are more abundant in development, they have been considered as likely to figure in processes of axon guidance (Riederer et al., 2004; Niquille et al., 2009). I ...
Review. Multiple signaling modalities mediated by dendritic
... rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affected by back-propagating action potentials (see below). The ...
... rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affected by back-propagating action potentials (see below). The ...
APPSWE Microinjected Mouse Model
... months of age, and by 15-19 months, plaque burden is nearly three times higher in females. A variety of behavioral tests conducted by one laboratory revealed gender-biased impairments in spatial and memory tasks.4 These observations indicate that transgenic mice can be a tool for identifying gendera ...
... months of age, and by 15-19 months, plaque burden is nearly three times higher in females. A variety of behavioral tests conducted by one laboratory revealed gender-biased impairments in spatial and memory tasks.4 These observations indicate that transgenic mice can be a tool for identifying gendera ...
Multiple signalling modalities mediated by dendritic exocytosis of
... rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affected by back-propagating action potentials (see below). The ...
... rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affected by back-propagating action potentials (see below). The ...
Synergistic Inhibitory Effects of Hypoxia and Iron
... subunits to escape degradation and translocate to the nucleus, where they dimerize with b-subunits to activate transcription (5). Iron metabolism is tightly coregulated with oxygen homeostasis, and HIFs regulate genes involved in iron uptake and utilization. Hypoxia is associated with multiple chang ...
... subunits to escape degradation and translocate to the nucleus, where they dimerize with b-subunits to activate transcription (5). Iron metabolism is tightly coregulated with oxygen homeostasis, and HIFs regulate genes involved in iron uptake and utilization. Hypoxia is associated with multiple chang ...
Skeletal Muscle Motor Control
... provide feedback information on muscle length and rate of change in muscle length (stretch) – nerve fires continually increase firing rate when stretched and decrease firing rate when relaxed - information on developed muscle tension (force), speed of contraction, and ...
... provide feedback information on muscle length and rate of change in muscle length (stretch) – nerve fires continually increase firing rate when stretched and decrease firing rate when relaxed - information on developed muscle tension (force), speed of contraction, and ...
Macrocyclic Carbohydrate/Amino Acid Hybrid Molecules
... 7.2.2 Synthesis of the N-propiolyl dipeptides.........................................................47 7.2.3 Synthesis of the macrocycles .....................................................................49 ...
... 7.2.2 Synthesis of the N-propiolyl dipeptides.........................................................47 7.2.3 Synthesis of the macrocycles .....................................................................49 ...
PDF Document
... pain (61–63), this approach to neuromodulation fails in many patients for reasons that are incompletely understood. This remains true even after a half-century (64) of clinical and basic science research and derives in part from the nonselective nature of electrical stimulation (58). Similarly, alth ...
... pain (61–63), this approach to neuromodulation fails in many patients for reasons that are incompletely understood. This remains true even after a half-century (64) of clinical and basic science research and derives in part from the nonselective nature of electrical stimulation (58). Similarly, alth ...
Comparative analysis of the baseline spike activity of
... random interspike intervals accounted for only 1.3% of cells (Fig. 2, I). Analysis of histograms of interspike intervals for neurons in the fastigial nucleus in normal conditions showed a predominance of polymodal neurons (64.5%) (Fig. 3, B, III). There were significantly fewer mono- and bimodal neu ...
... random interspike intervals accounted for only 1.3% of cells (Fig. 2, I). Analysis of histograms of interspike intervals for neurons in the fastigial nucleus in normal conditions showed a predominance of polymodal neurons (64.5%) (Fig. 3, B, III). There were significantly fewer mono- and bimodal neu ...
Central Lateral Line and Auditory Pathways: A Phylogenetic
... sound. The change from aquatic to terrestrial living was accompanied by the loss of lateral line mechanoreceptors in many amphibian species, and it was hypothesized (Larsell, 1934) that the incoming fibers of the newly evolved auditory receptors synapsed upon a portion of the medullary lateralis cen ...
... sound. The change from aquatic to terrestrial living was accompanied by the loss of lateral line mechanoreceptors in many amphibian species, and it was hypothesized (Larsell, 1934) that the incoming fibers of the newly evolved auditory receptors synapsed upon a portion of the medullary lateralis cen ...
Medical Physiology
... Corpus luteum and placenta Secrete progesterone from 5-12 wks of pregnancy Placenta only Secrete estrogen and progesterone Secrete human chorionic somatomammotropin (human placental lactogen) Structurally and anabolically similar to GH Antagonize insulin effects = spare glucose for fetus Cause mater ...
... Corpus luteum and placenta Secrete progesterone from 5-12 wks of pregnancy Placenta only Secrete estrogen and progesterone Secrete human chorionic somatomammotropin (human placental lactogen) Structurally and anabolically similar to GH Antagonize insulin effects = spare glucose for fetus Cause mater ...
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Directly Activates Noradrenergic
... LC neurons, but the effect was highly variable and difficult to quantify reliably over the prolonged periods of time necessary to obtain a full dose–response curve. The maximum average increase in the discharge rate was 1.5 ⫾ 0.9 Hz, which was achieved at an average dose of 325 ⫾ 207 nM (n ⫽ 4 neuro ...
... LC neurons, but the effect was highly variable and difficult to quantify reliably over the prolonged periods of time necessary to obtain a full dose–response curve. The maximum average increase in the discharge rate was 1.5 ⫾ 0.9 Hz, which was achieved at an average dose of 325 ⫾ 207 nM (n ⫽ 4 neuro ...
neurocircuitry of addiction
... or aversive stimuli increase dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (6,37–42). However, the physiologic release of dopamine stimulated by environmental stimuli is of substantially less magnitude and duration than the pharmacologic release elicited by most drugs of abuse (22,43–47). The importance ...
... or aversive stimuli increase dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (6,37–42). However, the physiologic release of dopamine stimulated by environmental stimuli is of substantially less magnitude and duration than the pharmacologic release elicited by most drugs of abuse (22,43–47). The importance ...
Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids Increase Intracellular
... influx of extracellular Ca21.10 Likewise, 11,12-EET enhances the L-type Ca21 current in adult rat ventricular myocytes, although the Ca21 influx was not blocked by a voltage-dependent Ca21 channel antagonist.10,13 However, in a recent study EETs were reported to inhibit cardiac L-type Ca21 channel a ...
... influx of extracellular Ca21.10 Likewise, 11,12-EET enhances the L-type Ca21 current in adult rat ventricular myocytes, although the Ca21 influx was not blocked by a voltage-dependent Ca21 channel antagonist.10,13 However, in a recent study EETs were reported to inhibit cardiac L-type Ca21 channel a ...
Articles in PresS. J Neurophysiol (March 20, 2003). 10.1152/jn
... reward. Responses to visual cues differ when animals expect primary reinforcements, such as juice rewards, in comparison to secondary reinforcements, such as tones. The mechanism of this rewarddependent modulation has not been established experimentally. To assess the hypothesis that direct neuromod ...
... reward. Responses to visual cues differ when animals expect primary reinforcements, such as juice rewards, in comparison to secondary reinforcements, such as tones. The mechanism of this rewarddependent modulation has not been established experimentally. To assess the hypothesis that direct neuromod ...
Cellular, synaptic and network effects of neuromodulation
... has no effect while the muscarinic agonist pilocarpine activates slow bursts. In contrast, all three substances increase the frequency and amplitude of the AB neuron burst. This figure shows the following general principles: (a) the same neuron can be the target of multiple modulatory substances, (b ...
... has no effect while the muscarinic agonist pilocarpine activates slow bursts. In contrast, all three substances increase the frequency and amplitude of the AB neuron burst. This figure shows the following general principles: (a) the same neuron can be the target of multiple modulatory substances, (b ...
Serotonergic Attenuation of the Reinforcing and Neurochemical
... Johanson, 1998). Clearly, there is a great need for pharmacological treatments to combat abuse of these drugs; however, no pharmacotherapy has demonstrated sufficient efficacy for widespread clinical use (Carroll et al., 1999). A better understanding of the effects of cocaine on central nervous syst ...
... Johanson, 1998). Clearly, there is a great need for pharmacological treatments to combat abuse of these drugs; however, no pharmacotherapy has demonstrated sufficient efficacy for widespread clinical use (Carroll et al., 1999). A better understanding of the effects of cocaine on central nervous syst ...
LAB: Nerve Reflexes
... does not involve a large number of interneurons (or association neurons). The simplest version is a mono-synaptic reflex that uses one sensory and one motor neuron (for example, the patellar or knee-jerk reflex). Most reflexes are polysynaptical (involving more than two neurons) and involve the acti ...
... does not involve a large number of interneurons (or association neurons). The simplest version is a mono-synaptic reflex that uses one sensory and one motor neuron (for example, the patellar or knee-jerk reflex). Most reflexes are polysynaptical (involving more than two neurons) and involve the acti ...
The Roles of Dopamine - ETH E
... inhibitory synaptic transmission. While the nature of neuromodulation of inhibitory transmission is still debated, it appears that in both the cortex and the striatum, D1 receptor activation selectively enhances NMDA but not AMPA synaptic transmission. Because of their voltage dependence, NMDA curre ...
... inhibitory synaptic transmission. While the nature of neuromodulation of inhibitory transmission is still debated, it appears that in both the cortex and the striatum, D1 receptor activation selectively enhances NMDA but not AMPA synaptic transmission. Because of their voltage dependence, NMDA curre ...
166 - UCSF Physiology - University of California, San Francisco
... in long-term potentiation (LTP). Deletion of 1 integrin at a later postnatal stage also impaired LTP but not synaptic responses to HFS. Thus, the 1-class integrins appear to play distinct roles at different stages of synaptic development, critical for the proper maturation of readily releasable po ...
... in long-term potentiation (LTP). Deletion of 1 integrin at a later postnatal stage also impaired LTP but not synaptic responses to HFS. Thus, the 1-class integrins appear to play distinct roles at different stages of synaptic development, critical for the proper maturation of readily releasable po ...