Biophysical Properties and Responses to Neurotransmitters of
... are supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerves with cell bodies in the petrosal ganglion (PG). Electrophysiological studies of the chorda tympani, greater superficial petrosal, and glossopharyngeal nerves have revealed that these nerves have heterogeneous response properties (Frank 1991; Frank et al. 1 ...
... are supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerves with cell bodies in the petrosal ganglion (PG). Electrophysiological studies of the chorda tympani, greater superficial petrosal, and glossopharyngeal nerves have revealed that these nerves have heterogeneous response properties (Frank 1991; Frank et al. 1 ...
Extended PDF
... 1994; Weimann et al., 1999). Interestingly, OTX1 is also abundantly expressed in the VZ progenitors during the period of deep-layer neuron production, and its expression in progenitors is greatly reduced during the generation of superficial-layer neurons (Frantz et al., 1994). On the other hand, the ...
... 1994; Weimann et al., 1999). Interestingly, OTX1 is also abundantly expressed in the VZ progenitors during the period of deep-layer neuron production, and its expression in progenitors is greatly reduced during the generation of superficial-layer neurons (Frantz et al., 1994). On the other hand, the ...
Multiple dynamic representations in the motor cortex
... by licking for a water reward. The vM1 is a subdivision of the primary motor cortex in which low-intensity stimulation evokes whisker movements8,16–18. Pyramidal-tract-type neurons in vM1 project to the brainstem to control whisking19,20 and rhythmic licking5,21. Activity in the vibrissal somatosens ...
... by licking for a water reward. The vM1 is a subdivision of the primary motor cortex in which low-intensity stimulation evokes whisker movements8,16–18. Pyramidal-tract-type neurons in vM1 project to the brainstem to control whisking19,20 and rhythmic licking5,21. Activity in the vibrissal somatosens ...
189084_189084 - espace@Curtin
... The three main dopamine cell groups of the brain are located in the substantia nigra (A9), ventral tegmental area (A10), and retrorubral field (A8). Several subdivisions of these cell groups have been identified in rats and humans but have not been well described in mice, despite the increasing use ...
... The three main dopamine cell groups of the brain are located in the substantia nigra (A9), ventral tegmental area (A10), and retrorubral field (A8). Several subdivisions of these cell groups have been identified in rats and humans but have not been well described in mice, despite the increasing use ...
Impact of diet on adult hippocampal neurogenesis
... decrease in either TrkB activity or BDNF protein levels causes reductions in neurogenesis [65, 97]. However, controversy still exists on how BDNF affects neurogenesis (e.g. proliferation vs. survival/differentiation). Hormones have also been shown to modulate AHN; for example, corticosterone decreas ...
... decrease in either TrkB activity or BDNF protein levels causes reductions in neurogenesis [65, 97]. However, controversy still exists on how BDNF affects neurogenesis (e.g. proliferation vs. survival/differentiation). Hormones have also been shown to modulate AHN; for example, corticosterone decreas ...
Accelerating axonal growth promotes motor
... demonstrated enhanced restoration of motor function after nerve transection/resuture by enabling motor synapse reinnervation, but only within 5 weeks of injury. In humans with peripheral nerve injuries, shorter wait times to decompression surgery led to improved functional recovery, and, while a ret ...
... demonstrated enhanced restoration of motor function after nerve transection/resuture by enabling motor synapse reinnervation, but only within 5 weeks of injury. In humans with peripheral nerve injuries, shorter wait times to decompression surgery led to improved functional recovery, and, while a ret ...
Cell-Type Specific Channelopathies in the Prefrontal Cortex of the
... pattern of results from published findings from hippocampus where Ih is up-regulated and A-type K! channel function is down-regulated. Additionally, we find that somatic Kv1-mediated current is down-regulated, resulting in increased excitability of fmr1-/y PT neurons. Importantly, these h- and K! ch ...
... pattern of results from published findings from hippocampus where Ih is up-regulated and A-type K! channel function is down-regulated. Additionally, we find that somatic Kv1-mediated current is down-regulated, resulting in increased excitability of fmr1-/y PT neurons. Importantly, these h- and K! ch ...
Hippocampal CA1 atrophy and synaptic loss during
... volume, loss of inhibitory interneurons and increased cell death of neurons and glia. It is interesting to note that these effects occurred in the presence of chronic microglial activation, with a relative paucity of infiltrating blood-borne immune cells. Widespread diffuse demyelination occurred in ...
... volume, loss of inhibitory interneurons and increased cell death of neurons and glia. It is interesting to note that these effects occurred in the presence of chronic microglial activation, with a relative paucity of infiltrating blood-borne immune cells. Widespread diffuse demyelination occurred in ...
Molecular Mechanisms of Signal Integration in Hypothalamic
... Neurons processing multiple signals must possess flexibility in their signalling mechanism so that they can produce an integrated response. In principle, the signalling potential of a neuron containing several transmitters may be affected by the concentration ratio of co-released factors (FischerCol ...
... Neurons processing multiple signals must possess flexibility in their signalling mechanism so that they can produce an integrated response. In principle, the signalling potential of a neuron containing several transmitters may be affected by the concentration ratio of co-released factors (FischerCol ...
Neurotransmitter Release
... only in the 20th century. It was embedded in a larger debate of whether neurons form a “reticular” network of connected cells, or a network of cells whose connections are discontinuous (the so-called neuron theory). Like with everything else in neuroscience, Ramón y Cajal is usually credited with t ...
... only in the 20th century. It was embedded in a larger debate of whether neurons form a “reticular” network of connected cells, or a network of cells whose connections are discontinuous (the so-called neuron theory). Like with everything else in neuroscience, Ramón y Cajal is usually credited with t ...
Mechanisms Underlying the Cardioinhibitory and Pressor
... as a relay for baroreflex-mediated sympathoinhibition (28). We have previously shown that activation of FTG neurons increases systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP) and decreases heart rate (HR) (28). However, the neural mechanisms mediating these cardiovascular responses were not known. Various nuc ...
... as a relay for baroreflex-mediated sympathoinhibition (28). We have previously shown that activation of FTG neurons increases systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP) and decreases heart rate (HR) (28). However, the neural mechanisms mediating these cardiovascular responses were not known. Various nuc ...
Cell type-specific activation of p38 MAPK in the brain regions of
... Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) has been implicated as a mechanism of ischemia/hypoxia-induced cerebral injury. The current study was designed to explore the involvement of p38 MAPK in the development of cerebral hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) by observing the changes in ...
... Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) has been implicated as a mechanism of ischemia/hypoxia-induced cerebral injury. The current study was designed to explore the involvement of p38 MAPK in the development of cerebral hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) by observing the changes in ...
doc PHGY311
... actions are mediated through activation of adenylate cyclase and elevation of cAMP production (Figure 3–3). Two types of remarkably homologous (about 70% amino acid identity) CRH receptors have been identified. Both CRH-1 and CRH-2 receptors belong to the family of transmembrane receptors that signa ...
... actions are mediated through activation of adenylate cyclase and elevation of cAMP production (Figure 3–3). Two types of remarkably homologous (about 70% amino acid identity) CRH receptors have been identified. Both CRH-1 and CRH-2 receptors belong to the family of transmembrane receptors that signa ...
Sense Making Taste
... SWEET STIMULI, such as sugar or artificial sweeteners, do not enter taste cells but trigger changes within the cells. They bind to receptors on a taste cell’s surface that are coupled to molecules named G-proteins. This prompts the subunits (α, β and γ) of the Gproteins to split into α and βγ, which ...
... SWEET STIMULI, such as sugar or artificial sweeteners, do not enter taste cells but trigger changes within the cells. They bind to receptors on a taste cell’s surface that are coupled to molecules named G-proteins. This prompts the subunits (α, β and γ) of the Gproteins to split into α and βγ, which ...
Ion Channels in Bursting Neurons
... customized neural structures. In the squid, the giant axon is solely responsible for assuring the rapid and regular conduction of the neural impulse to the muscles of the squid’s mantle. The repeated simultaneous contraction of these muscles, in turn, provides the force behind the animal’s water-jet ...
... customized neural structures. In the squid, the giant axon is solely responsible for assuring the rapid and regular conduction of the neural impulse to the muscles of the squid’s mantle. The repeated simultaneous contraction of these muscles, in turn, provides the force behind the animal’s water-jet ...
Proprioceptive Information from the Pinna Provides
... Surg ical preparation. C ats were premedicated with xylazine (2 mg, i.m.) and atropine (0.1 mg, i.m.) and anesthetized with ketamine (initial dose of 40 mg / kg, i.m.; supplemental doses of 15 mg / kg, i.v.). Body temperature (measured rectally) was maintained at 38.5°C. The head was fixed in a nose ...
... Surg ical preparation. C ats were premedicated with xylazine (2 mg, i.m.) and atropine (0.1 mg, i.m.) and anesthetized with ketamine (initial dose of 40 mg / kg, i.m.; supplemental doses of 15 mg / kg, i.v.). Body temperature (measured rectally) was maintained at 38.5°C. The head was fixed in a nose ...
Chapter 3 Physiology of Adrenal Steroids Regulation of Aldosterone
... DHEA and DHEAS levels decrease with aging, resulting in suggestions that DHEA replacement might reverse some of the symptoms of aging. A few studies have been done to address this question, but the results have not yet led to any definitive conclusions. In rodent studies, DHEA supplementation was as ...
... DHEA and DHEAS levels decrease with aging, resulting in suggestions that DHEA replacement might reverse some of the symptoms of aging. A few studies have been done to address this question, but the results have not yet led to any definitive conclusions. In rodent studies, DHEA supplementation was as ...
NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS IN THE VISUAL CORTEX OF
... participation of Ca+t ions in the plastic phenomena since NMDA receptor activation raises Ca+t conductance into postsynaptic cells. The resulting Ca+ fluxes may trigger off synaptic modifications. Apart from the investigations concerning the role of NMDA receptors in visual cortical plasticity, ther ...
... participation of Ca+t ions in the plastic phenomena since NMDA receptor activation raises Ca+t conductance into postsynaptic cells. The resulting Ca+ fluxes may trigger off synaptic modifications. Apart from the investigations concerning the role of NMDA receptors in visual cortical plasticity, ther ...
Sensory Adaptation and Short Term Plasticity as Bayesian
... whiskers denote 1.5 times the inter-quartile range. Outliers have been removed for clarity. By cancelling out fluctuations in pre-synaptic excitability the adaptation model can substantially reduce response variability. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012436.g002 ...
... whiskers denote 1.5 times the inter-quartile range. Outliers have been removed for clarity. By cancelling out fluctuations in pre-synaptic excitability the adaptation model can substantially reduce response variability. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012436.g002 ...
Gustatory processing is dynamic and distributed Donald B
... Time Evidence for intra-area (a,b) and between area (c,d) interactions in gustatory coding. (a) Cross-correlations for two GC neurons in response to six different tastants (lag [s] is on the abscissa, correlation [r] is on the ordinate). Significant interactions can be seen in response to nicotine ( ...
... Time Evidence for intra-area (a,b) and between area (c,d) interactions in gustatory coding. (a) Cross-correlations for two GC neurons in response to six different tastants (lag [s] is on the abscissa, correlation [r] is on the ordinate). Significant interactions can be seen in response to nicotine ( ...
Diversity and wiring variability of visual local neurons in the
... The Drosophila optic lobe contains four neuropils, each representing a different stage of visual processing: the lamina, medulla, lobula, and lobula plate (Morante and Desplan, 2004). Starting with the compound eye, visual signals are transmitted through a twodimensional array of modular longitudina ...
... The Drosophila optic lobe contains four neuropils, each representing a different stage of visual processing: the lamina, medulla, lobula, and lobula plate (Morante and Desplan, 2004). Starting with the compound eye, visual signals are transmitted through a twodimensional array of modular longitudina ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... shown that ␣-synuclein (␣-syn) also accumulates in the brains of patients with AD and interacts with A and tau, forming toxic hetero-oligomers. Although the involvement of ␣-syn has been investigated extensively in Lewy body disease, less is known about the role of this synaptic protein in AD. Here ...
... shown that ␣-synuclein (␣-syn) also accumulates in the brains of patients with AD and interacts with A and tau, forming toxic hetero-oligomers. Although the involvement of ␣-syn has been investigated extensively in Lewy body disease, less is known about the role of this synaptic protein in AD. Here ...
Career of Dennis Dougherty: Ion Channels
... ! Complex: regulated by active pumps, cotransporters, Ca2+, phosphorylation, lipids ! Widespread: all membranes have a potential and use ion channels; also organelles (mitochondria, ER) ...
... ! Complex: regulated by active pumps, cotransporters, Ca2+, phosphorylation, lipids ! Widespread: all membranes have a potential and use ion channels; also organelles (mitochondria, ER) ...
Lab 5: Nervous System I
... uninsulated gaps called Nodes of Ranvier BIO lab 102 Nervous I- Lab 5 ...
... uninsulated gaps called Nodes of Ranvier BIO lab 102 Nervous I- Lab 5 ...