Stress, serotonin, and hippocampal neurogenesis
... chronic stress significantly attenuates 5-HT neurotransmission and 5-HT1A autoreceptor sensitivity, and this effect could represent an endophenotypic hallmark for mood disorders. In addition, by decreasing neurogenesis, CUS decreases hippocampal inhibition of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) ...
... chronic stress significantly attenuates 5-HT neurotransmission and 5-HT1A autoreceptor sensitivity, and this effect could represent an endophenotypic hallmark for mood disorders. In addition, by decreasing neurogenesis, CUS decreases hippocampal inhibition of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) ...
Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... is stimulated via implanted electrodes in sleeping animals, behavioral awakening and EEG desynchronization result. This is also true in animals after section of the long ascending sensory systems in the mesencephalon but does not occur after lesions of the mesencephalic RF. Indeed, after extensive l ...
... is stimulated via implanted electrodes in sleeping animals, behavioral awakening and EEG desynchronization result. This is also true in animals after section of the long ascending sensory systems in the mesencephalon but does not occur after lesions of the mesencephalic RF. Indeed, after extensive l ...
A Monosynaptic GABAergic Input from the Inferior Colliculus to the
... a 50:50 mixture of oxygenated sucrose/normal ACSF at room temperature. After equilibrating in the holding chamber for at least 15 min, one slice was transferred to the recording chamber, placed between two sets of nylon mesh, and perfused with normal, oxygenated ACSF that contained the following (in ...
... a 50:50 mixture of oxygenated sucrose/normal ACSF at room temperature. After equilibrating in the holding chamber for at least 15 min, one slice was transferred to the recording chamber, placed between two sets of nylon mesh, and perfused with normal, oxygenated ACSF that contained the following (in ...
Function of Peripheral Olfactory Organs
... Responses to both contact with and loss of sex pheromone filaments by male moths can be as fast as 0.15s [Grapholita rnolesta (Busck), Baker and Haynes 19871,but usually are between 0.3-0.6s [Heliothis virescens (F.), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and Antheraea polyphemus (Cramer), respectively; Vickers ...
... Responses to both contact with and loss of sex pheromone filaments by male moths can be as fast as 0.15s [Grapholita rnolesta (Busck), Baker and Haynes 19871,but usually are between 0.3-0.6s [Heliothis virescens (F.), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and Antheraea polyphemus (Cramer), respectively; Vickers ...
Print - Inno-Vita
... exchange approximately 700 mg of calcium everyday. The remodeling mechanism occurs in all living bones and is an interaction between very specialized cells “osteoclasts (resorbing)” and “osteoblasts (forming)”. By the osteoclast and osteoblast actions of these cells, all living bones are constantly ...
... exchange approximately 700 mg of calcium everyday. The remodeling mechanism occurs in all living bones and is an interaction between very specialized cells “osteoclasts (resorbing)” and “osteoblasts (forming)”. By the osteoclast and osteoblast actions of these cells, all living bones are constantly ...
Physiological and Morphological Analysis of Synaptic Transmission
... in depolarization of the VE-4 membrane potential. This means that transmitter release from the inhtbitor often occurs in the absence of depolarization of VI-2 by current injection. Graded increases in the intensity of depolarizing current injected into VI-2 caused graded increases in the hyperpolari ...
... in depolarization of the VE-4 membrane potential. This means that transmitter release from the inhtbitor often occurs in the absence of depolarization of VI-2 by current injection. Graded increases in the intensity of depolarizing current injected into VI-2 caused graded increases in the hyperpolari ...
IL-10 Alters Immunoproteostasis in APP Mice, Increasing Plaque
... ‘‘immunoproteostasis.’’ In a contextually dependent fashion, immunoproteostasis can have positive or negative effects on the proteinopathy and degenerative phenotype. Because of these effects and the plethora of therapeutic targets in the innate immune system, there is considerable interest in manip ...
... ‘‘immunoproteostasis.’’ In a contextually dependent fashion, immunoproteostasis can have positive or negative effects on the proteinopathy and degenerative phenotype. Because of these effects and the plethora of therapeutic targets in the innate immune system, there is considerable interest in manip ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... evoked spike frequency, indicative for a dierential neural representation of associative and non-associative events at the MB level. The precise mechanisms that underlie modulations of odor-evoked activity in MB neurons are still unknown. Modulatory input from the VUMmx1 neuron, which mediates the ...
... evoked spike frequency, indicative for a dierential neural representation of associative and non-associative events at the MB level. The precise mechanisms that underlie modulations of odor-evoked activity in MB neurons are still unknown. Modulatory input from the VUMmx1 neuron, which mediates the ...
Webb et al 2002 - User Web Areas at the University of York
... trial to trial, and was presented alone, or surrounded by a grating of the same or orthogonal orientation, contained within either a larger annular field, or flanks oriented either horizontally or vertically. V1 was ablated to inactivate cortico-geniculate feedback. The maximum firing rate of LGN ne ...
... trial to trial, and was presented alone, or surrounded by a grating of the same or orthogonal orientation, contained within either a larger annular field, or flanks oriented either horizontally or vertically. V1 was ablated to inactivate cortico-geniculate feedback. The maximum firing rate of LGN ne ...
![[Frontiers in Bioscience 8, s438-451, May 1, 2003] 438 AROUSAL](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/005320946_1-6eb469e446a066f466aecf70147008ff-300x300.png)
[Frontiers in Bioscience 8, s438-451, May 1, 2003] 438 AROUSAL
... reticular formation (19). They thus have the capacity to receive input from reticular neurons and also the noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons, which utilize the same pathway (see below). The cholinergic neurons give rise to ascending projections that parallel those of the reticular formation, ext ...
... reticular formation (19). They thus have the capacity to receive input from reticular neurons and also the noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons, which utilize the same pathway (see below). The cholinergic neurons give rise to ascending projections that parallel those of the reticular formation, ext ...
enzymes-inhibition-text
... Reversible enzyme inhibition: enzyme activity can be recovered by removing the inhibitor (e.g. dialysis, gel filtration); ...
... Reversible enzyme inhibition: enzyme activity can be recovered by removing the inhibitor (e.g. dialysis, gel filtration); ...
Nerve Growth Factor and Alzheimer`s Disease
... It has been considered that the high-affinity of TrkA is guaranteed by the interaction with p75, because TrkA and p75 are coexpressed in particular neurons. However, p75 is structurally belong to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, and has been shown to mediate cell death signals as si ...
... It has been considered that the high-affinity of TrkA is guaranteed by the interaction with p75, because TrkA and p75 are coexpressed in particular neurons. However, p75 is structurally belong to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, and has been shown to mediate cell death signals as si ...
Glia-Derived D-Serine Controls NMDA Receptor Activity and
... at the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of NMDA receptors (NMDARs; Johnson and Ascher, 1987). D-serine is synthesized in astrocytes (Stevens et al., 2003; Wolosker et al., 1999) and is released by glutamate receptor stimulation through a calcium- and SNARE-dependent exocytotic pathway (Mothet et ...
... at the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of NMDA receptors (NMDARs; Johnson and Ascher, 1987). D-serine is synthesized in astrocytes (Stevens et al., 2003; Wolosker et al., 1999) and is released by glutamate receptor stimulation through a calcium- and SNARE-dependent exocytotic pathway (Mothet et ...
Increased Anxiety 3 Months after Brief Exposure to MDMA
... effects but only significantly in the piriform cortex. These data suggest that even brief, relatively low-dose MDMA exposure can produce significant, long-term changes in 5-HT receptor and transporter function and associated emotional behavior. Interestingly, long-term 5HT depletion may not be neces ...
... effects but only significantly in the piriform cortex. These data suggest that even brief, relatively low-dose MDMA exposure can produce significant, long-term changes in 5-HT receptor and transporter function and associated emotional behavior. Interestingly, long-term 5HT depletion may not be neces ...
Canine Olfaction: An Overview of the Anatomy, Physiology and
... detect pheromones important for species-specific communication, as well as other volatile molecules. Substances in water licked up by dogs can be detected through this system. The information from these sensory cells are transmitted through a separate neuronal path to the brain. Two other olfactory ...
... detect pheromones important for species-specific communication, as well as other volatile molecules. Substances in water licked up by dogs can be detected through this system. The information from these sensory cells are transmitted through a separate neuronal path to the brain. Two other olfactory ...
Formation of a full complement of cranial proprioceptors requires
... development was further supported by the expression of the spindle-specific slow-developmental myosin heavy-chain (MyHC) isoform in nuclear bag fibers of the residual spindles of mutants (Fig. 1). Expression of this isoform by intrafusal fibers of spindles is dependent on the presence of Ia afferent ...
... development was further supported by the expression of the spindle-specific slow-developmental myosin heavy-chain (MyHC) isoform in nuclear bag fibers of the residual spindles of mutants (Fig. 1). Expression of this isoform by intrafusal fibers of spindles is dependent on the presence of Ia afferent ...
cur op e-print version
... reinforcement grows only during a period of 1-2 seconds and shows little or no further increase with prolonged stimulation. Such “duration neglect” has also been found in the case of a variety of aversive stimuli in humans, and may be a general feature of encoding mechanisms that store a compressed ...
... reinforcement grows only during a period of 1-2 seconds and shows little or no further increase with prolonged stimulation. Such “duration neglect” has also been found in the case of a variety of aversive stimuli in humans, and may be a general feature of encoding mechanisms that store a compressed ...
Implantable microcoils for intracortical magnetic
... Although the spatially narrow regions of activation estimated in Fig. 1 are highly attractive for applications in which focal activation is required, it is well established that prolonged implantation into the cortex induces a foreign body response that can lead to the formation of a high-impedance ...
... Although the spatially narrow regions of activation estimated in Fig. 1 are highly attractive for applications in which focal activation is required, it is well established that prolonged implantation into the cortex induces a foreign body response that can lead to the formation of a high-impedance ...
A Fast, Reciprocal Pathway between the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
... collision trials (red traces). In a collision trial, a spontaneous spike from the recorded cortical neuron triggers the electrical shock. If the neuron is a GR neuron that receives feedforward input from the LGN, then the spontaneous spike will not affect the propagation of the orthodromic spike and ...
... collision trials (red traces). In a collision trial, a spontaneous spike from the recorded cortical neuron triggers the electrical shock. If the neuron is a GR neuron that receives feedforward input from the LGN, then the spontaneous spike will not affect the propagation of the orthodromic spike and ...
Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... tentatively concluded that deafferentation per se is sufficient to induce sleep, this last observation concerning visual stimuli indicates that some neural mechanism in addition to the direct sensory pathways is required for the maintenance of wakefulness. In 1949 Moruzzi and Magoun discovered that ...
... tentatively concluded that deafferentation per se is sufficient to induce sleep, this last observation concerning visual stimuli indicates that some neural mechanism in addition to the direct sensory pathways is required for the maintenance of wakefulness. In 1949 Moruzzi and Magoun discovered that ...
Orexins and fear: implications for the treatment of - e
... binds with equal affinity to OX1R and OX2R [1]. The signal transduction mechanisms triggered upon orexin receptor (OXR) activation mainly involved Gq proteins and the phospholipase C–protein kinase C (PLC-PKC) pathway, although a wide variety of signals seem to be originated from stimulation of thes ...
... binds with equal affinity to OX1R and OX2R [1]. The signal transduction mechanisms triggered upon orexin receptor (OXR) activation mainly involved Gq proteins and the phospholipase C–protein kinase C (PLC-PKC) pathway, although a wide variety of signals seem to be originated from stimulation of thes ...
Appendix Basics of the Nervous System
... this energy comes from the food that we eat on a daily basis. To expend energy requires that the system store energy to be able to release it. Just as a flashlight requires stored energy, in the form of a battery, the neuron must store energy to be able to function. Energy that is stored, that is, a ...
... this energy comes from the food that we eat on a daily basis. To expend energy requires that the system store energy to be able to release it. Just as a flashlight requires stored energy, in the form of a battery, the neuron must store energy to be able to function. Energy that is stored, that is, a ...
Distinct Neuropathologic Phenotypes After Disrupting the
... effective therapies for these autosomal recessive disorders, their relentless disease course invariably ends in premature death (12, 13). Disease-causing mutations have been identified in at least 8 genes (13, 14), but there are still variant and adultonset NCL cases with no characterized molecular b ...
... effective therapies for these autosomal recessive disorders, their relentless disease course invariably ends in premature death (12, 13). Disease-causing mutations have been identified in at least 8 genes (13, 14), but there are still variant and adultonset NCL cases with no characterized molecular b ...
Long-range GABAergic neurons in the prefrontal cortex modulate
... structures in aversion. The present findings may be also relevant for the fear conditioning field, in which the current model states that IL glutamatergic projections suppress fear by indirectly inhibiting CeA. Future experiments could assess whether optogenetically stimulating IL GABAergic projecti ...
... structures in aversion. The present findings may be also relevant for the fear conditioning field, in which the current model states that IL glutamatergic projections suppress fear by indirectly inhibiting CeA. Future experiments could assess whether optogenetically stimulating IL GABAergic projecti ...