Morphological Studies of Wobbler Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglia
... degeneration results in the denervation of skeletal muscles and eventually to progressive paralysis leading to respiratory arrest. Since first being described by Charcot in 1896, ALS has been investigated intensively and many cellular defects found in animal models have been suggested to cause these ...
... degeneration results in the denervation of skeletal muscles and eventually to progressive paralysis leading to respiratory arrest. Since first being described by Charcot in 1896, ALS has been investigated intensively and many cellular defects found in animal models have been suggested to cause these ...
Excitatory Cerebellar Nucleocortical Circuit Provides Internal
... neurons in the interposed nucleus provide efference-copy signals via mossy fibers to the cerebellar cortical zones that belong to the same module, triggering monosynaptic responses in granule and Golgi cells and indirectly inhibiting Purkinje cells. Upon conditioning, the local density of nucleocort ...
... neurons in the interposed nucleus provide efference-copy signals via mossy fibers to the cerebellar cortical zones that belong to the same module, triggering monosynaptic responses in granule and Golgi cells and indirectly inhibiting Purkinje cells. Upon conditioning, the local density of nucleocort ...
Neuronal activity (c-Fos) delineating interactions of the cerebral
... To determine whether cortical activity is necessary for BG activity, we injected atropine, which induces a unique dissociative behavioral state with slow-wave EEG but heightened locomotion (Irmis, 1971; Davis et al., 2011). This “sleepwalking-like” state provides a unique opportunity to investigate ...
... To determine whether cortical activity is necessary for BG activity, we injected atropine, which induces a unique dissociative behavioral state with slow-wave EEG but heightened locomotion (Irmis, 1971; Davis et al., 2011). This “sleepwalking-like” state provides a unique opportunity to investigate ...
A Simple Biophysically Plausible Model for Long Time
... ABSTRACT: Recent work in computational neuroscience and cognitive psychology suggests that a set of cells that decay exponentially could be used to support memory for the time at which events took place. Analytically and through simulations on a biophysical model of an individual neuron, we demonstr ...
... ABSTRACT: Recent work in computational neuroscience and cognitive psychology suggests that a set of cells that decay exponentially could be used to support memory for the time at which events took place. Analytically and through simulations on a biophysical model of an individual neuron, we demonstr ...
Hypothalamus and Limbic System
... operating in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is sensitive both to hypothalamic and peripheral temperature, and it mediates changes in autonomic, endocrine and behavioral responses in order to maintain homeostasis. Feeding behavior is a less good example of a servo-control system, in part because ...
... operating in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is sensitive both to hypothalamic and peripheral temperature, and it mediates changes in autonomic, endocrine and behavioral responses in order to maintain homeostasis. Feeding behavior is a less good example of a servo-control system, in part because ...
The Role of Kisspeptin Signaling in Reproduction
... increases inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) levels in the cell (55, 73, 116) (FIGURE 3). The subsequent increase in intracellular Ca2⫹ and DAG activates protein kinase C and initiates a kinase phosphorylation cascade resulting in phosphorylation of ERK1/2. DAG also stimulates GnRH ...
... increases inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) levels in the cell (55, 73, 116) (FIGURE 3). The subsequent increase in intracellular Ca2⫹ and DAG activates protein kinase C and initiates a kinase phosphorylation cascade resulting in phosphorylation of ERK1/2. DAG also stimulates GnRH ...
The neural basis of puberty and adolescence
... of increased GnRH secretion at puberty28,29. Despite these identified genetic mechanisms, we are extremely cautious about designating any of these genes to be a master regulator of puberty. Rather than being part of a developmental clock, they may simply act as downstream mechanisms governing GnRH s ...
... of increased GnRH secretion at puberty28,29. Despite these identified genetic mechanisms, we are extremely cautious about designating any of these genes to be a master regulator of puberty. Rather than being part of a developmental clock, they may simply act as downstream mechanisms governing GnRH s ...
Circadian and histaminergic regulation of the sleep
... During 6-hours of sleep deprivation, the histamine release was constantly upregulated and comparable to its level during wakefulness, whereas when the sleep deprivation ceased, the release of histamine immediately dropped to the baseline level. Constant administration of histamine into the basal for ...
... During 6-hours of sleep deprivation, the histamine release was constantly upregulated and comparable to its level during wakefulness, whereas when the sleep deprivation ceased, the release of histamine immediately dropped to the baseline level. Constant administration of histamine into the basal for ...
Hindbrain catecholamine neurons mediate
... the hypothalamus eliminate glucoprivic feeding in homecage feeding tests requiring appetitive behaviors [7]. The importance of hindbrain catecholamine neurons for the consummatory phase of the glucoprivic feeding response has not been assessed. However, these neurons not only provide dense innervati ...
... the hypothalamus eliminate glucoprivic feeding in homecage feeding tests requiring appetitive behaviors [7]. The importance of hindbrain catecholamine neurons for the consummatory phase of the glucoprivic feeding response has not been assessed. However, these neurons not only provide dense innervati ...
Cellular and network mechanisms of electrographic
... which is mediated by Ih and enhanced by the persistent Na+ current, INa(p) [74–77]. In our experiments, 20% of neocortical neurons displayed depolarizing sags after the application of hyperpolarizing current pulses, probably caused by the activation of Ih. Also, models of isolated PY neurons with Ih ...
... which is mediated by Ih and enhanced by the persistent Na+ current, INa(p) [74–77]. In our experiments, 20% of neocortical neurons displayed depolarizing sags after the application of hyperpolarizing current pulses, probably caused by the activation of Ih. Also, models of isolated PY neurons with Ih ...
Genetic Analysis of the Drosophila Ellipsoid Body
... disrupted in each case; for example, basic leg coordination of walking is normal, whereas speed, activity, and turning are affected (Strauss and Heisenberg, 1993; Strauss et al., 1992). In wild-type flies, it has been shown that walking and flight causes an increase in cc neuropil activity. Furtherm ...
... disrupted in each case; for example, basic leg coordination of walking is normal, whereas speed, activity, and turning are affected (Strauss and Heisenberg, 1993; Strauss et al., 1992). In wild-type flies, it has been shown that walking and flight causes an increase in cc neuropil activity. Furtherm ...
Hepatic Steatosis - Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
... hepatic VLDL production is not increased but rather decreased.26 This decrease in VLDL production despite the high fatty acid flux to the liver contributes to the massive steatosis that is observed in these animals. In CD36-deficient mice, the flux of fatty acids toward the liver is increased, preci ...
... hepatic VLDL production is not increased but rather decreased.26 This decrease in VLDL production despite the high fatty acid flux to the liver contributes to the massive steatosis that is observed in these animals. In CD36-deficient mice, the flux of fatty acids toward the liver is increased, preci ...
Word count: 3506 LEADING ARTICLE (DRA-1-11
... However subtype-selective differences in ligand binding and transcriptional potency have also been reported for novel non-steroidal ligands.[33] ...
... However subtype-selective differences in ligand binding and transcriptional potency have also been reported for novel non-steroidal ligands.[33] ...
Subcircuit-specific neuromodulation in the prefrontal cortex
... et al., 2011). Recently, it has become evident that L5 PT and IT neurons within rodent PFC possess distinct intrinsic properties, local connectivity, and long-range inputs. Although most of these differences have been characterized in rodents, different categories of PFC pyramidal neurons are also p ...
... et al., 2011). Recently, it has become evident that L5 PT and IT neurons within rodent PFC possess distinct intrinsic properties, local connectivity, and long-range inputs. Although most of these differences have been characterized in rodents, different categories of PFC pyramidal neurons are also p ...
Synapse formation in developing neural circuits.
... While physiologists and neuropharmacologists were functionally defining the concept of synapses, neuroanatomists tangled in a bitter debate on their existence. The main reason for this debate was that during the nineteenth century and earlier part of the twentieth century, nobody could visualize cel ...
... While physiologists and neuropharmacologists were functionally defining the concept of synapses, neuroanatomists tangled in a bitter debate on their existence. The main reason for this debate was that during the nineteenth century and earlier part of the twentieth century, nobody could visualize cel ...
Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia: Neurobiology
... cholinergic modulation of glutamate and GABA activity that is important to neuroplasticity and cognition.44 Research finds that stimulating α7 receptors may enhance cognition via effects on glutamate release and on NMDA-mediated prefrontal cognitive processing.50,51 The stimulation of α7 receptors e ...
... cholinergic modulation of glutamate and GABA activity that is important to neuroplasticity and cognition.44 Research finds that stimulating α7 receptors may enhance cognition via effects on glutamate release and on NMDA-mediated prefrontal cognitive processing.50,51 The stimulation of α7 receptors e ...
Direct Inhibition Evoked by Whisker Stimulation in Somatic Sensory
... potentials in rat somatic sensory (SI) barrel cortex. Postexcitatory inhibition is thought to quickly terminate the cortical cell response to whisker deflection. Using dual electrode extracellular recording in awake rats, we describe an infrequent type of cell response in which stimulation of single ...
... potentials in rat somatic sensory (SI) barrel cortex. Postexcitatory inhibition is thought to quickly terminate the cortical cell response to whisker deflection. Using dual electrode extracellular recording in awake rats, we describe an infrequent type of cell response in which stimulation of single ...
Stockholm University
... purchased from Missouri University of Science and Technology cDNA Resource Center (MO, U.S.A.). All mutations, including addition of the FLAG-tag, was performed using the QuikChange1 II Site Directed mutagenesis kit (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A.) according to the manufacturer’s instructions with ...
... purchased from Missouri University of Science and Technology cDNA Resource Center (MO, U.S.A.). All mutations, including addition of the FLAG-tag, was performed using the QuikChange1 II Site Directed mutagenesis kit (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A.) according to the manufacturer’s instructions with ...
Neuropeptide-Mediated Facilitation and Inhibition of Sensory Inputs
... To quantify the effects of neuromodulators on ventral root responses, ventral root activity was analyzed off-line with pClamp software (version 6, Axon Instruments). The burst was first rectified and then integrated over time (see Fig. 1Bii). The area of the burst (i.e., the train of spikes evoked b ...
... To quantify the effects of neuromodulators on ventral root responses, ventral root activity was analyzed off-line with pClamp software (version 6, Axon Instruments). The burst was first rectified and then integrated over time (see Fig. 1Bii). The area of the burst (i.e., the train of spikes evoked b ...
V U Z (vzw)
... and biochemical research by Kobayashi and coworkers in Japan (Kobayashi et al., 1982) and by Oliveraand coworkers in the USA (Oliveraet al., 1985, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1994) led to the concept that Conns venoms are complex mixtures of peptides and polypeptides that interact with a variety of physiolog ...
... and biochemical research by Kobayashi and coworkers in Japan (Kobayashi et al., 1982) and by Oliveraand coworkers in the USA (Oliveraet al., 1985, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1994) led to the concept that Conns venoms are complex mixtures of peptides and polypeptides that interact with a variety of physiolog ...
14132.full - Explore Bristol Research
... responses associated with vlPAG activation. We recently reported that activation of the vlPAG causes an increase in ␣-motoneuronal excitability, which is thought to support freezing behavior (Koutsikou et al., 2014). Defense behaviors also require that an animal’s response is not perturbed from esse ...
... responses associated with vlPAG activation. We recently reported that activation of the vlPAG causes an increase in ␣-motoneuronal excitability, which is thought to support freezing behavior (Koutsikou et al., 2014). Defense behaviors also require that an animal’s response is not perturbed from esse ...
Memory, Learning, and Synaptic Plasticity
... man. In 1953, he underwent a bilateral surgical removal of the medial temporal lobes for the treatment of his seizure. While his seizures improved significantly, he emerged from the surgery with irreparable damage: he appeared to have lost his ability to form new memories. He did not recognize docto ...
... man. In 1953, he underwent a bilateral surgical removal of the medial temporal lobes for the treatment of his seizure. While his seizures improved significantly, he emerged from the surgery with irreparable damage: he appeared to have lost his ability to form new memories. He did not recognize docto ...
Reinforcement Learning and the Basal Ganglia
... general organization of the basal ganglia is that of a feed-forward network (Bergman et al., 1998). The input stage of the basal ganglia is the striatum, which is innervated by excitatory (glutmatergic) pyramidal neurons from all areas of the neocortex, via a massive converging corticostriatal proje ...
... general organization of the basal ganglia is that of a feed-forward network (Bergman et al., 1998). The input stage of the basal ganglia is the striatum, which is innervated by excitatory (glutmatergic) pyramidal neurons from all areas of the neocortex, via a massive converging corticostriatal proje ...
ppt - IISER Pune
... Important features of synapses - location, location, location – but how is this determined ...
... Important features of synapses - location, location, location – but how is this determined ...
Programme - biomed.cas.cz
... J. TEISINGER, V. VLACHOVÁ, Prague 2. PKA dependent effect of pregnenolone sulfate on NMDA receptors expressed in hippocampal neurons M. PETROVIC, H. CHODOUNSKÁ, M. SEDLÁČEK, L. VYKLICKÝ JR., Prague 3. The changes in phosphatidyl inositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2) levels related to the TRPA1 channel ac ...
... J. TEISINGER, V. VLACHOVÁ, Prague 2. PKA dependent effect of pregnenolone sulfate on NMDA receptors expressed in hippocampal neurons M. PETROVIC, H. CHODOUNSKÁ, M. SEDLÁČEK, L. VYKLICKÝ JR., Prague 3. The changes in phosphatidyl inositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2) levels related to the TRPA1 channel ac ...