• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Supplementary Information (doc 464K)
Supplementary Information (doc 464K)

... that each animal had a total of 36 observations in 1 hour. Behaviour was classified into one of 6 categories: feeding (including drinking), locomotion (including rearing, climbing, burrowing and bed making), grooming, resting (stationary position or sleeping), pica or headdown (abnormal body posture ...
RH Ettinger - Test Bank 1
RH Ettinger - Test Bank 1

... 42. Damage to the ________ might lead to jerky, uncoordinated movements. a. medulla b. pons c. medbrain d. cerebellum Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 37 43. A system of neurons originating deep in the brainstem which controls arousal, consciousness, and alertness is the ________ system. a. mesolimbic b ...
Principles of Hormonal Integration
Principles of Hormonal Integration

... agents that act antagonistically either to stimulate or to inhibit. Such dual control allows for a more precise regulation than through negative feedback Insulin and glucagon form a push-pull mechanism controlling glucose output from liver which under basal catabolic and anabolic conditions is contr ...
Psychopharmacology - University of South Alabama
Psychopharmacology - University of South Alabama

... • In general the other neurotransmitters serve as _________________and act to activate or inhibit entire circuits. • Ach activates learning circuits, but what is learned is transmitted by glutamate and GABA neurons. • Norepinephrine – heightens vigilance. • Serotonin – suppresses some species-typica ...
מצגת של PowerPoint
מצגת של PowerPoint

... Excitatory GABA currents are essential (necessary) for proper dendritic development ...
THE AREA POSTREMA: A POTENTIAL SITE FOR CIRCADIAN REGULATION BY
THE AREA POSTREMA: A POTENTIAL SITE FOR CIRCADIAN REGULATION BY

... ion substitution experiments revealed a PK2-induced Cl- current was responsible for membrane depolarization, while hyperpolarizations were the result of inhibition of an inwardly rectifying non-selective cation current. In contrast to these differential effects on membrane potential, nearly all neur ...
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal and diseased brain
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal and diseased brain

... CNS and thus act directly on brain parenchyma by crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), either by active transport mechanisms or passive diffusion in the circumventricular organs, including areas of the hypothalamus, pituitary, and pineal gland (Sternberg, 1997). Although much of this action occurs ...
Mice Lacking M1 and M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Have
Mice Lacking M1 and M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Have

... produces a state-dependent regulation of sensory gating. Previous work has shown a prominent role of muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (mAChRs) in regulating the excitability of OB neurons, in particular the M1 receptor. Here, we examined the contribution of M1 and M3 mAChR subtypes to olfact ...
Differential GABAB Receptor Modulation of Ethanol Effects on
Differential GABAB Receptor Modulation of Ethanol Effects on

... GABAB receptor antagonist CGP-52432 was purchased from Tocris Cookson Inc. (Ellisville, MO). An 8.0 M ethanol solution (in deionized water) was prepared immediately before each experiment from a 95% stock solution (Aaper Alcohol and Chemical, Shelbyville, KT) and kept in a glass storage bottle at 4° ...
Effects of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonist MCPG
Effects of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonist MCPG

... plasticity are also present in the superficial layers of somatosensory and visual neocortex (Kirkwood et al., 1993; CastroAlamancos et al., 1995). In both CA1 and sensory neocortex, high-frequency stimulation can induce NMDA receptordependent LTP, and low-frequency stimulation can induce NMDA recept ...
Auto-structure of presynaptic activity defines postsynaptic firing
Auto-structure of presynaptic activity defines postsynaptic firing

... We have studied then the Fano factor F FC as a measure of clustering of synchronous activity for renewal processes with Gamma- and log-normal -distributed interspike intervals. The Fano factor of the coincidence count distribution for pairs of processes with identical spike-rates is represented in F ...
Presentation materials - Brain Dynamics Laboratory
Presentation materials - Brain Dynamics Laboratory

... • Bursts encode different features of sensory input than single spikes. For example, neurons in the electrosensory lateral-line lobe (ELL) of weakly electric fish fire network induced-bursts in response to communication signals and single spikes in response to prey signals. • Bursts have more inform ...
Supraspinal control of ejaculation
Supraspinal control of ejaculation

... SSRIs inhibit desire, erection, & ejac. Less inhibition from SSRIs that also inhibit DA & NE reuptake &/or are 5-HT2 or α2 antagonists. SSRIs and NOS inhibitors used to treat ...
Taste bud - Science Mission
Taste bud - Science Mission

... • Tastant (taste-provoking chemical) • Binding of tastant with receptor cell alters cell’s ionic channels to produce depolarizing receptor potential • Receptor potential initiates action potentials within terminal endings of afferent nerve fibers with which receptor cell synapses • Terminal afferent ...
Serotonin release from the neuronal cell body and its long
Serotonin release from the neuronal cell body and its long

... electrical stimulation in the presence of FM1–43 dye produced a pattern of fluorescent spots in the soma that indicated cycles of calcium-dependent exo/endocytosis as vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane [17]. The dye incorporates into the internal membranes of vesicles that fuse, and therefore fl ...
The Angelman syndrome ubiquitin ligase localizes to the synapse
The Angelman syndrome ubiquitin ligase localizes to the synapse

... In order to examine the cell-type parental allelic expression of Ube3a and to elucidate the cellular localization of the Ube3a gene product, E6-AP, we produced mice with a knock-in mutation fusing YFP to the C-terminus of E6-AP (Fig. 1A–C; targeted allele, Ube3a YFP; fusion protein, E6-AP:YFP). The ...
Neurotransmitters, Drugs and Brain Function Wiley
Neurotransmitters, Drugs and Brain Function Wiley

Ch. 13 Nervous System Cells Textbook
Ch. 13 Nervous System Cells Textbook

... capillaries of the brain. Astrocytes have recently been called “stars of the nervous system” because of all of the many important functions they perform. Astrocytes actually “feed” the neurons by picking up glucose from the blood, converting it to lactic acid, and passing it along to the neurons to ...
Acetylcholinesterase in central vocal control nuclei of the zebra finch
Acetylcholinesterase in central vocal control nuclei of the zebra finch

... and memory processes. The vocal repertoire in each case needs to be acquired. Once acquired it is either retained throughout life in a stereotyped manner, or can built upon. It may be lost in one season when not in use, and needs to be acquired anew in the next when required. The vocal control pathw ...
Nothing can be coincidence: synaptic inhibition and plasticity in the
Nothing can be coincidence: synaptic inhibition and plasticity in the

... Nevertheless, the high incidence of T-type Ca2+ channels targeted to the dendrites of nuclear cells indicates that physiological conditions that favor their activation must exist. It is perhaps relevant that whether or not rebound bursts are generated depends strongly on the preparation, recording c ...
Exercise and Anxiety Take Home Messages
Exercise and Anxiety Take Home Messages

... 4. Exercise →↓ Anxiety a. Exercise also →↓ depression i. Using the same mechanisms as antidepressant drugs 5. Exercise → ↑ neurogenesis in the dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus (DG) a. DG is a tooth-shaped group of small round cells (granule cells) in the hippocampus i. Granule cells are excitatory – ...
The Concentration of Phosphatidylethanolamine in
The Concentration of Phosphatidylethanolamine in

Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms
Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms

... inputs to the monoaminergic cell groups that might be responsible for their remarkable, stereotyped and coordinated changes in firing patterns associated with sleep. One such cell group, the VLPO, was found to send outputs to all of the major cell groups in the hypothalamus and brainstem that partic ...
Cholinergic modulation of cognitive processing: insights drawn from computational models Kishan Gupta
Cholinergic modulation of cognitive processing: insights drawn from computational models Kishan Gupta

... There are two general classes of acetylcholine receptors that can be dissociated by their binding affinity for muscarine and nicotine. At present, computational models of cholinergic function do not usually focus on dissociating the contribution of each of these receptor types. However, each has dis ...
Ventromedial Thalamic Neurons Convey Nociceptive Signals from
Ventromedial Thalamic Neurons Convey Nociceptive Signals from

... 1997). Understanding this diversity probably requires the identification of the multiple neural systems responsible for pain processing. Among these nociceptive systems, the reticulo-thalamic system is of particular interest because, in addition to nociceptive information being carried directly to t ...
< 1 ... 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 ... 206 >

Endocannabinoid system

The endocannabinoid system is a group of neuromodulatory lipids and their receptors in the brain that are involved in a variety of physiological processes including appetite, pain-sensation, mood, and memory; it mediates the psychoactive effects of cannabis and, broadly speaking, includes: The endogenous arachidonate-based lipids, anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG); these are known as ""endocannabinoids"" and are physiological ligands for the cannabinoid receptors. Endocannabinoids are all eicosanoids. The enzymes that synthesize and degrade the endocannabinoids, such as fatty acid amide hydrolase or monoacylglycerol lipase. The cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, two G protein-coupled receptors that are located in the central and peripheral nervous systems.The neurons, neural pathways, and other cells where these molecules, enzymes, and one or both cannabinoid receptor types are all colocalized form the endocannabinoid system.The endocannabinoid system has been studied using genetic and pharmacological methods. These studies have revealed that cannabinoids act as neuromodulators for a variety of processes, including motor learning, appetite, and pain sensation, among other cognitive and physical processes. The localization of the CB1 receptor in the endocannabinoid system has a very large degree of overlap with the orexinergic projection system, which mediates many of the same functions, both physical and cognitive. Moreover, CB1 is colocalized on orexin projection neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and many output structures of the orexin system, where the CB1 and orexin receptor 1 (OX1) receptors physically and functionally join together to form the CB1–OX1 receptor heterodimer.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report