Supplementary Information (doc 464K)
... that each animal had a total of 36 observations in 1 hour. Behaviour was classified into one of 6 categories: feeding (including drinking), locomotion (including rearing, climbing, burrowing and bed making), grooming, resting (stationary position or sleeping), pica or headdown (abnormal body posture ...
... that each animal had a total of 36 observations in 1 hour. Behaviour was classified into one of 6 categories: feeding (including drinking), locomotion (including rearing, climbing, burrowing and bed making), grooming, resting (stationary position or sleeping), pica or headdown (abnormal body posture ...
RH Ettinger - Test Bank 1
... 42. Damage to the ________ might lead to jerky, uncoordinated movements. a. medulla b. pons c. medbrain d. cerebellum Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 37 43. A system of neurons originating deep in the brainstem which controls arousal, consciousness, and alertness is the ________ system. a. mesolimbic b ...
... 42. Damage to the ________ might lead to jerky, uncoordinated movements. a. medulla b. pons c. medbrain d. cerebellum Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 37 43. A system of neurons originating deep in the brainstem which controls arousal, consciousness, and alertness is the ________ system. a. mesolimbic b ...
Principles of Hormonal Integration
... agents that act antagonistically either to stimulate or to inhibit. Such dual control allows for a more precise regulation than through negative feedback Insulin and glucagon form a push-pull mechanism controlling glucose output from liver which under basal catabolic and anabolic conditions is contr ...
... agents that act antagonistically either to stimulate or to inhibit. Such dual control allows for a more precise regulation than through negative feedback Insulin and glucagon form a push-pull mechanism controlling glucose output from liver which under basal catabolic and anabolic conditions is contr ...
Psychopharmacology - University of South Alabama
... • In general the other neurotransmitters serve as _________________and act to activate or inhibit entire circuits. • Ach activates learning circuits, but what is learned is transmitted by glutamate and GABA neurons. • Norepinephrine – heightens vigilance. • Serotonin – suppresses some species-typica ...
... • In general the other neurotransmitters serve as _________________and act to activate or inhibit entire circuits. • Ach activates learning circuits, but what is learned is transmitted by glutamate and GABA neurons. • Norepinephrine – heightens vigilance. • Serotonin – suppresses some species-typica ...
מצגת של PowerPoint
... Excitatory GABA currents are essential (necessary) for proper dendritic development ...
... Excitatory GABA currents are essential (necessary) for proper dendritic development ...
THE AREA POSTREMA: A POTENTIAL SITE FOR CIRCADIAN REGULATION BY
... ion substitution experiments revealed a PK2-induced Cl- current was responsible for membrane depolarization, while hyperpolarizations were the result of inhibition of an inwardly rectifying non-selective cation current. In contrast to these differential effects on membrane potential, nearly all neur ...
... ion substitution experiments revealed a PK2-induced Cl- current was responsible for membrane depolarization, while hyperpolarizations were the result of inhibition of an inwardly rectifying non-selective cation current. In contrast to these differential effects on membrane potential, nearly all neur ...
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal and diseased brain
... CNS and thus act directly on brain parenchyma by crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), either by active transport mechanisms or passive diffusion in the circumventricular organs, including areas of the hypothalamus, pituitary, and pineal gland (Sternberg, 1997). Although much of this action occurs ...
... CNS and thus act directly on brain parenchyma by crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), either by active transport mechanisms or passive diffusion in the circumventricular organs, including areas of the hypothalamus, pituitary, and pineal gland (Sternberg, 1997). Although much of this action occurs ...
Mice Lacking M1 and M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Have
... produces a state-dependent regulation of sensory gating. Previous work has shown a prominent role of muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (mAChRs) in regulating the excitability of OB neurons, in particular the M1 receptor. Here, we examined the contribution of M1 and M3 mAChR subtypes to olfact ...
... produces a state-dependent regulation of sensory gating. Previous work has shown a prominent role of muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (mAChRs) in regulating the excitability of OB neurons, in particular the M1 receptor. Here, we examined the contribution of M1 and M3 mAChR subtypes to olfact ...
Differential GABAB Receptor Modulation of Ethanol Effects on
... GABAB receptor antagonist CGP-52432 was purchased from Tocris Cookson Inc. (Ellisville, MO). An 8.0 M ethanol solution (in deionized water) was prepared immediately before each experiment from a 95% stock solution (Aaper Alcohol and Chemical, Shelbyville, KT) and kept in a glass storage bottle at 4° ...
... GABAB receptor antagonist CGP-52432 was purchased from Tocris Cookson Inc. (Ellisville, MO). An 8.0 M ethanol solution (in deionized water) was prepared immediately before each experiment from a 95% stock solution (Aaper Alcohol and Chemical, Shelbyville, KT) and kept in a glass storage bottle at 4° ...
Effects of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonist MCPG
... plasticity are also present in the superficial layers of somatosensory and visual neocortex (Kirkwood et al., 1993; CastroAlamancos et al., 1995). In both CA1 and sensory neocortex, high-frequency stimulation can induce NMDA receptordependent LTP, and low-frequency stimulation can induce NMDA recept ...
... plasticity are also present in the superficial layers of somatosensory and visual neocortex (Kirkwood et al., 1993; CastroAlamancos et al., 1995). In both CA1 and sensory neocortex, high-frequency stimulation can induce NMDA receptordependent LTP, and low-frequency stimulation can induce NMDA recept ...
Auto-structure of presynaptic activity defines postsynaptic firing
... We have studied then the Fano factor F FC as a measure of clustering of synchronous activity for renewal processes with Gamma- and log-normal -distributed interspike intervals. The Fano factor of the coincidence count distribution for pairs of processes with identical spike-rates is represented in F ...
... We have studied then the Fano factor F FC as a measure of clustering of synchronous activity for renewal processes with Gamma- and log-normal -distributed interspike intervals. The Fano factor of the coincidence count distribution for pairs of processes with identical spike-rates is represented in F ...
Presentation materials - Brain Dynamics Laboratory
... • Bursts encode different features of sensory input than single spikes. For example, neurons in the electrosensory lateral-line lobe (ELL) of weakly electric fish fire network induced-bursts in response to communication signals and single spikes in response to prey signals. • Bursts have more inform ...
... • Bursts encode different features of sensory input than single spikes. For example, neurons in the electrosensory lateral-line lobe (ELL) of weakly electric fish fire network induced-bursts in response to communication signals and single spikes in response to prey signals. • Bursts have more inform ...
Supraspinal control of ejaculation
... SSRIs inhibit desire, erection, & ejac. Less inhibition from SSRIs that also inhibit DA & NE reuptake &/or are 5-HT2 or α2 antagonists. SSRIs and NOS inhibitors used to treat ...
... SSRIs inhibit desire, erection, & ejac. Less inhibition from SSRIs that also inhibit DA & NE reuptake &/or are 5-HT2 or α2 antagonists. SSRIs and NOS inhibitors used to treat ...
Taste bud - Science Mission
... • Tastant (taste-provoking chemical) • Binding of tastant with receptor cell alters cell’s ionic channels to produce depolarizing receptor potential • Receptor potential initiates action potentials within terminal endings of afferent nerve fibers with which receptor cell synapses • Terminal afferent ...
... • Tastant (taste-provoking chemical) • Binding of tastant with receptor cell alters cell’s ionic channels to produce depolarizing receptor potential • Receptor potential initiates action potentials within terminal endings of afferent nerve fibers with which receptor cell synapses • Terminal afferent ...
Serotonin release from the neuronal cell body and its long
... electrical stimulation in the presence of FM1–43 dye produced a pattern of fluorescent spots in the soma that indicated cycles of calcium-dependent exo/endocytosis as vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane [17]. The dye incorporates into the internal membranes of vesicles that fuse, and therefore fl ...
... electrical stimulation in the presence of FM1–43 dye produced a pattern of fluorescent spots in the soma that indicated cycles of calcium-dependent exo/endocytosis as vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane [17]. The dye incorporates into the internal membranes of vesicles that fuse, and therefore fl ...
The Angelman syndrome ubiquitin ligase localizes to the synapse
... In order to examine the cell-type parental allelic expression of Ube3a and to elucidate the cellular localization of the Ube3a gene product, E6-AP, we produced mice with a knock-in mutation fusing YFP to the C-terminus of E6-AP (Fig. 1A–C; targeted allele, Ube3a YFP; fusion protein, E6-AP:YFP). The ...
... In order to examine the cell-type parental allelic expression of Ube3a and to elucidate the cellular localization of the Ube3a gene product, E6-AP, we produced mice with a knock-in mutation fusing YFP to the C-terminus of E6-AP (Fig. 1A–C; targeted allele, Ube3a YFP; fusion protein, E6-AP:YFP). The ...
Ch. 13 Nervous System Cells Textbook
... capillaries of the brain. Astrocytes have recently been called “stars of the nervous system” because of all of the many important functions they perform. Astrocytes actually “feed” the neurons by picking up glucose from the blood, converting it to lactic acid, and passing it along to the neurons to ...
... capillaries of the brain. Astrocytes have recently been called “stars of the nervous system” because of all of the many important functions they perform. Astrocytes actually “feed” the neurons by picking up glucose from the blood, converting it to lactic acid, and passing it along to the neurons to ...
Acetylcholinesterase in central vocal control nuclei of the zebra finch
... and memory processes. The vocal repertoire in each case needs to be acquired. Once acquired it is either retained throughout life in a stereotyped manner, or can built upon. It may be lost in one season when not in use, and needs to be acquired anew in the next when required. The vocal control pathw ...
... and memory processes. The vocal repertoire in each case needs to be acquired. Once acquired it is either retained throughout life in a stereotyped manner, or can built upon. It may be lost in one season when not in use, and needs to be acquired anew in the next when required. The vocal control pathw ...
Nothing can be coincidence: synaptic inhibition and plasticity in the
... Nevertheless, the high incidence of T-type Ca2+ channels targeted to the dendrites of nuclear cells indicates that physiological conditions that favor their activation must exist. It is perhaps relevant that whether or not rebound bursts are generated depends strongly on the preparation, recording c ...
... Nevertheless, the high incidence of T-type Ca2+ channels targeted to the dendrites of nuclear cells indicates that physiological conditions that favor their activation must exist. It is perhaps relevant that whether or not rebound bursts are generated depends strongly on the preparation, recording c ...
Exercise and Anxiety Take Home Messages
... 4. Exercise →↓ Anxiety a. Exercise also →↓ depression i. Using the same mechanisms as antidepressant drugs 5. Exercise → ↑ neurogenesis in the dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus (DG) a. DG is a tooth-shaped group of small round cells (granule cells) in the hippocampus i. Granule cells are excitatory – ...
... 4. Exercise →↓ Anxiety a. Exercise also →↓ depression i. Using the same mechanisms as antidepressant drugs 5. Exercise → ↑ neurogenesis in the dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus (DG) a. DG is a tooth-shaped group of small round cells (granule cells) in the hippocampus i. Granule cells are excitatory – ...
Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms
... inputs to the monoaminergic cell groups that might be responsible for their remarkable, stereotyped and coordinated changes in firing patterns associated with sleep. One such cell group, the VLPO, was found to send outputs to all of the major cell groups in the hypothalamus and brainstem that partic ...
... inputs to the monoaminergic cell groups that might be responsible for their remarkable, stereotyped and coordinated changes in firing patterns associated with sleep. One such cell group, the VLPO, was found to send outputs to all of the major cell groups in the hypothalamus and brainstem that partic ...
Cholinergic modulation of cognitive processing: insights drawn from computational models Kishan Gupta
... There are two general classes of acetylcholine receptors that can be dissociated by their binding affinity for muscarine and nicotine. At present, computational models of cholinergic function do not usually focus on dissociating the contribution of each of these receptor types. However, each has dis ...
... There are two general classes of acetylcholine receptors that can be dissociated by their binding affinity for muscarine and nicotine. At present, computational models of cholinergic function do not usually focus on dissociating the contribution of each of these receptor types. However, each has dis ...
Ventromedial Thalamic Neurons Convey Nociceptive Signals from
... 1997). Understanding this diversity probably requires the identification of the multiple neural systems responsible for pain processing. Among these nociceptive systems, the reticulo-thalamic system is of particular interest because, in addition to nociceptive information being carried directly to t ...
... 1997). Understanding this diversity probably requires the identification of the multiple neural systems responsible for pain processing. Among these nociceptive systems, the reticulo-thalamic system is of particular interest because, in addition to nociceptive information being carried directly to t ...