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106 DNA- Proteins
106 DNA- Proteins

... Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA) • Nucleic acids carry genetic information. • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acids) have molecular weights around 6 - 16  106 amu and are found inside the nucleus of the cell. • RNA (ribonucleic acids) have molecular weights around 20,000 to 40,000 amu and are found in the cytoplas ...
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Guidelines and Assignments

Cancer results from an accumulation of mutations which
Cancer results from an accumulation of mutations which

DNA Sequencing
DNA Sequencing

...  YACs (yeast artificial chromosomes) are vectors that use eukaryotic yeasts as host cells; YACs can carry DNA fragments of 1 million base pairs. A human genome library could be carried in just over 3000 clones  Search through 8 million or search through ...
iitrtildna
iitrtildna

... ribonucleotides are "read" by translational machinery in a sequence of nucleotide triplets called codons. Each of those triplets codes for a specific amino acid. The ribosome and tRNA (transfer RNA) translate this code to produce proteins. Translation = mRNA → protein encoded = zakódovaný ...
scientists and philosophers find that gene has a multitude of meanings
scientists and philosophers find that gene has a multitude of meanings

... of DNA that carried the instructions for making a protein molecule. Offspring developed particular traits because they inherited certain versions of genes. Genome All of the genetic material in an organism. In humans, the genome contains more than three billion “letters” of DNA. The letters GATC sta ...
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DNA and Its Proccesses

... • Create ONE strand of mRNA from a piece of DNA • Unzip strands • Add mRNA base pairs to one side • Base-pairing rules: ...
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...  To distiguish between different types of molecular markers  To critically appraise the different methods used in molecular mapping  To study the application of genetic analysis in different organisms ...
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Cow DNA: How DNA Controls the Workings of the Cell

... this case, the sequence contains the gene to make the protein insulin. Insulin is necessary for the uptake of sugar from the blood. Without insulin, a person cannot use digest sugars the same way others can, and they have a disease called diabetes. Instructions: 1. Using the DNA sequence, make a com ...
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SoonChunHyang University: SoonChunHyang Institute of Medi
SoonChunHyang University: SoonChunHyang Institute of Medi

... Email: [email protected], [email protected] Course Description : The course objective is to consider both principles and current topics in Molecular Biology in depth. This course primarily deals with nucleic acids and proteins and how these molecules interact within the cell to promote proper growth ...
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PCR: Basics & Miniturization

... rate leads to long lines for the machine and sign up sheets that force you to start your reactions at all hours. The RapidCycler™ can complete a 30 cycle reaction in less than 10 minutes. Finally, a machine that can keep up with the speed of the biochemistry. No more waiting in line. You can ...
Student Name: Teacher
Student Name: Teacher

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Inheriting Characteristics
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Chapter 12 Notes - White Plains Public Schools
Chapter 12 Notes - White Plains Public Schools

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... see among organisms. Proteins act as chemical triggers and messengers for many of the processes within cells. Proteins help determine how tall you grow, what colors you can see, and whether your hair is curly or straight. Proteins exist in an almost limitless variety. A single organism may have thou ...
Gene Expression
Gene Expression

... Changes in DNA (mutations) can occur spontaneously or due to the effect of mutagens. An altered gene may be passed on to every cell that develops from it. Addition, deletion, or substitution mutations can occur with individual nucleotides or large sections of a chromosome. Only those mutations which ...
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Additional Lab Exercise: Amino Acid Sequence in

... Background Information Enzymes are proteins. In order to carry on their very specific functions, the sequence of the amino acids in their structure must be precise. The DNA in the chromosomes of cells, through its own order of bases, is the determining factor in the amino acid sequence. Ribosomes, m ...
pruitt_ppt_ch07
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... tools which can be inserted in a bacteria • Allow bacteria to reproduce • DNA library: entire collection of bacterial cells which contain cloned gene ...
Two distinct pathways of cell death triggered by oxidative damage to
Two distinct pathways of cell death triggered by oxidative damage to

... mating Ogg1+/- mice, and cultured in DMEM (Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% heatinactivated FBS, 100 µg/ml streptomycin, and 100 units/ml penicillin, at 37˚C in 5% CO2. MEFs were maintained for 40 passages and spontaneously immortalized. Their genotypes were determined by genomic PCR as described p ...
Top 102 Biology Review
Top 102 Biology Review

... 53.What can you use to show the pattern of inheritance for a specific trait in a family? 54.A karyotype shows all of your ______________ and can detect _______________ disorders. 55.The Human Genome Project ______________ all of human ______. This information has been used for ________ therapy. 56.W ...
NOTE: The provided figures may be useful and beneficial
NOTE: The provided figures may be useful and beneficial

... NOTE: The provided figures may be useful and beneficial & you should consider including them in your learning log. Keep up the good work & be an Intentional Learner. Chapter 16 1. In Griffith’s experiment, why was he able to rule out the possibility that the R cells could have simply used the capsul ...
Microbial Genetics - Montgomery College
Microbial Genetics - Montgomery College

... ƒ Vertical gene transfer: Occurs during reproduction between generations of cells. ƒ Horizontal gene transfer: The transfer of genes between cells of the same generation. Transformation ƒ Purpose of transformation? ƒ mechanism of transfer of genetic info among bacteria ƒ occurs naturally with linear ...
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Molecular cloning



Molecular cloning is a set of experimental methods in molecular biology that are used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and to direct their replication within host organisms. The use of the word cloning refers to the fact that the method involves the replication of one molecule to produce a population of cells with identical DNA molecules. Molecular cloning generally uses DNA sequences from two different organisms: the species that is the source of the DNA to be cloned, and the species that will serve as the living host for replication of the recombinant DNA. Molecular cloning methods are central to many contemporary areas of modern biology and medicine.In a conventional molecular cloning experiment, the DNA to be cloned is obtained from an organism of interest, then treated with enzymes in the test tube to generate smaller DNA fragments. Subsequently, these fragments are then combined with vector DNA to generate recombinant DNA molecules. The recombinant DNA is then introduced into a host organism (typically an easy-to-grow, benign, laboratory strain of E. coli bacteria). This will generate a population of organisms in which recombinant DNA molecules are replicated along with the host DNA. Because they contain foreign DNA fragments, these are transgenic or genetically modified microorganisms (GMO). This process takes advantage of the fact that a single bacterial cell can be induced to take up and replicate a single recombinant DNA molecule. This single cell can then be expanded exponentially to generate a large amount of bacteria, each of which contain copies of the original recombinant molecule. Thus, both the resulting bacterial population, and the recombinant DNA molecule, are commonly referred to as ""clones"". Strictly speaking, recombinant DNA refers to DNA molecules, while molecular cloning refers to the experimental methods used to assemble them.
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