Exam 2
... (b) (2 pts) A b-specific nuclease catalyzes the hydrolysis of pApGpCpTp between the C and T residues. Write the products of this cleavage reaction using the same nomenclature. (c) (2 pts) What two amino acid residues are somewhat more likely to be part of a tight beta turn in a protein structure? (d ...
... (b) (2 pts) A b-specific nuclease catalyzes the hydrolysis of pApGpCpTp between the C and T residues. Write the products of this cleavage reaction using the same nomenclature. (c) (2 pts) What two amino acid residues are somewhat more likely to be part of a tight beta turn in a protein structure? (d ...
- Angelo State University
... • A metabolic pathway is a sequence of reactions used to produce one product or accomplish one process. – Each pathway consists of a series of chemical reactions that convert a starting material into an end product (e.g., the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain). – Fortunately, there ...
... • A metabolic pathway is a sequence of reactions used to produce one product or accomplish one process. – Each pathway consists of a series of chemical reactions that convert a starting material into an end product (e.g., the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain). – Fortunately, there ...
Slides
... We can divide cellular respiration into three metabolic processes: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Each of these occurs in a specific region of the cell. 1. Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol (intracellular fluid – liquid found inside cells). 2. The Krebs cycle takes place ...
... We can divide cellular respiration into three metabolic processes: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Each of these occurs in a specific region of the cell. 1. Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol (intracellular fluid – liquid found inside cells). 2. The Krebs cycle takes place ...
Cellular Energetics: Thermodynamics, ATP, Cellular
... ATP hydrolysis can be coupled to endergonic reactions to power cellular work • A cell does three main kinds of work: – Mechanical – Transport – Chemical • To do work, cells manage energy resources by energy coupling, the use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one ...
... ATP hydrolysis can be coupled to endergonic reactions to power cellular work • A cell does three main kinds of work: – Mechanical – Transport – Chemical • To do work, cells manage energy resources by energy coupling, the use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one ...
2007 Exam 3 1. The goal of the oxidative phase of the pentose
... b. metabolite that can enter the glycolytic pathway and produce PEP for glucose synthesis. c. is the reduced form of acetyl CoA that is produced during oxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbons. d. a reduced intermediate of the TCA cycle that is formed during when NADH levels are very h ...
... b. metabolite that can enter the glycolytic pathway and produce PEP for glucose synthesis. c. is the reduced form of acetyl CoA that is produced during oxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbons. d. a reduced intermediate of the TCA cycle that is formed during when NADH levels are very h ...
Respiration
... and amino acids. This cycle not only supplies energy but also provides many intermediates required for the synthesis of amino acid, glucose, heame etc. Krebs cycle is the most important central pathway connecting almost all the individual metabolic pathways. Energetics of Citric Acid Cycle During th ...
... and amino acids. This cycle not only supplies energy but also provides many intermediates required for the synthesis of amino acid, glucose, heame etc. Krebs cycle is the most important central pathway connecting almost all the individual metabolic pathways. Energetics of Citric Acid Cycle During th ...
Sample Exam #1 ( file)
... Which of the following is NOT correct about amino acids? A. Amino acids contain asymmetric carbon atoms. B. Amino acids contain an amino group and a carboxyl group fastened to an asymmetric carbon. C. Amino acids can make peptide bonds. D. There are over 30 kinds of individual amino acids found in t ...
... Which of the following is NOT correct about amino acids? A. Amino acids contain asymmetric carbon atoms. B. Amino acids contain an amino group and a carboxyl group fastened to an asymmetric carbon. C. Amino acids can make peptide bonds. D. There are over 30 kinds of individual amino acids found in t ...
Metabolism
... • “I think that enzymes are molecules that are complementary in structure to the activated complexes of the reactions that they catalyse” ...
... • “I think that enzymes are molecules that are complementary in structure to the activated complexes of the reactions that they catalyse” ...
Sugar
... practitioners because of their high cholesterol content. The average intact egg contains about 210 mg of cholesterol, whereas the recommended intake of cholesterol is 300 mg. However, a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, in addition to several other studies, refute t ...
... practitioners because of their high cholesterol content. The average intact egg contains about 210 mg of cholesterol, whereas the recommended intake of cholesterol is 300 mg. However, a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, in addition to several other studies, refute t ...
Cell Respiration RG
... 3. Why is being “reduced” equivalent to having a greater potential energy? ...
... 3. Why is being “reduced” equivalent to having a greater potential energy? ...
1. overall goals a. general knowledge of microbiology b. in
... (1) biosynthesis (2) energy production b. analysis of cells shows that 95% of dry weight is made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron (1) termed the macroelements or macronutrients (2) COHNSP are components of carbohydrates, lipids, pr ...
... (1) biosynthesis (2) energy production b. analysis of cells shows that 95% of dry weight is made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron (1) termed the macroelements or macronutrients (2) COHNSP are components of carbohydrates, lipids, pr ...
AP Biology PDQ`s
... 11. Why food molecules need to be broken down into smaller molecules for energy to be harvested from them. 12. The molecule that is oxidized and the molecule that is reduced in any REDOX reaction. 13. The starting materials, end products and eventual fates of all of the molecules used and produced ...
... 11. Why food molecules need to be broken down into smaller molecules for energy to be harvested from them. 12. The molecule that is oxidized and the molecule that is reduced in any REDOX reaction. 13. The starting materials, end products and eventual fates of all of the molecules used and produced ...
Pyruvate Kinase
... Net production of 2 ATP per glucose. Glycolysis - total pathway, omitting H+: glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP In aerobic organisms: pyruvate produced in Glycolysis is oxidized to CO2 via Krebs Cycle (can also be stored as fatty acids) NADH produced in Glycolysis & ...
... Net production of 2 ATP per glucose. Glycolysis - total pathway, omitting H+: glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP In aerobic organisms: pyruvate produced in Glycolysis is oxidized to CO2 via Krebs Cycle (can also be stored as fatty acids) NADH produced in Glycolysis & ...
1 acetyl CoA - WordPress.com
... citric acid cycle is used to harvest high energy electrons from carbon fuel. the central metabolic hub of the cell produces intermediates which are precursors for fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotide bases, and cholesterol The citric acid cycle may seem like an elaborate way to oxidize acetate into ...
... citric acid cycle is used to harvest high energy electrons from carbon fuel. the central metabolic hub of the cell produces intermediates which are precursors for fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotide bases, and cholesterol The citric acid cycle may seem like an elaborate way to oxidize acetate into ...
Bacterial Classification
... Glucose + Pi Glucose-6-PO4 + H2O ΔG = +13.8 kJ/mol, Keq = 5 x 10-3 ATP + H20 ADP + Pi ΔG = -30.5 kJ/mol, Keq = 4 x 105 Glucose + ATP Glucose-6-PO4 + ADP ΔG = (-30.5 kJ/mol) + (+13.8 kJ/mol) = -16.7 kJ/mol ...
... Glucose + Pi Glucose-6-PO4 + H2O ΔG = +13.8 kJ/mol, Keq = 5 x 10-3 ATP + H20 ADP + Pi ΔG = -30.5 kJ/mol, Keq = 4 x 105 Glucose + ATP Glucose-6-PO4 + ADP ΔG = (-30.5 kJ/mol) + (+13.8 kJ/mol) = -16.7 kJ/mol ...
carbohydrate metabolism
... responsible for catabolism of Acetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA is an ester of Coenzyme-A, which is the biologically active form of watersoluble vitamin Pantothenic acid TCA cycle occurs within Mitochondrial matrix under Aerobic condition Essentially TCA cycle comprises of combination of Acetyl-CoA with O ...
... responsible for catabolism of Acetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA is an ester of Coenzyme-A, which is the biologically active form of watersoluble vitamin Pantothenic acid TCA cycle occurs within Mitochondrial matrix under Aerobic condition Essentially TCA cycle comprises of combination of Acetyl-CoA with O ...
27. GE_7.27 Gluconeo.. - College of Pharmacy at Howard University
... Hexokinase, which catalyzes the entry of free glucose into the glycolytic pathway, is a regulatory enzyme. There are four isozymes (designated I to IV). Hexokinase II has a high affinity for glucose Muscle hexokinases I and II are allosteric ally inhibited by their product, glucose 6phosphat ...
... Hexokinase, which catalyzes the entry of free glucose into the glycolytic pathway, is a regulatory enzyme. There are four isozymes (designated I to IV). Hexokinase II has a high affinity for glucose Muscle hexokinases I and II are allosteric ally inhibited by their product, glucose 6phosphat ...
Document
... – C6H12O6 + O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP – Glucose is highly reduced; contains energy – Oxygen receives the electrons to form ...
... – C6H12O6 + O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP – Glucose is highly reduced; contains energy – Oxygen receives the electrons to form ...
Chapter 7 Notes
... allowing H+ ions to rush through it c. Energy transition is used to bond P to ADP to make ATP 8. non-cyclic (generates ATP and NADPH) vs cyclic (generates ATP only – found in photosynthetic bacteria) electron transport B. Carbon fixation or Calvin cycle (C3 cycle) – stroma (dark reactions or light ...
... allowing H+ ions to rush through it c. Energy transition is used to bond P to ADP to make ATP 8. non-cyclic (generates ATP and NADPH) vs cyclic (generates ATP only – found in photosynthetic bacteria) electron transport B. Carbon fixation or Calvin cycle (C3 cycle) – stroma (dark reactions or light ...
Chapter 8 notes
... They do not have mitochondria, so they use the ________membrane as the location of electron transport. ...
... They do not have mitochondria, so they use the ________membrane as the location of electron transport. ...
1 Introduction and History Introduction to the course (syllabus
... (1) biosynthesis (2) energy production b. analysis of cells shows that 95% of dry weight is made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron (1) termed the macroelements or macronutrients (2) COHNSP are components of carbohydrates, lipids, pr ...
... (1) biosynthesis (2) energy production b. analysis of cells shows that 95% of dry weight is made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron (1) termed the macroelements or macronutrients (2) COHNSP are components of carbohydrates, lipids, pr ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.