Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration Other Metabolites
... glycerol (3C) G3P glycolysis fatty acids 2C acetyl acetyl Krebs ...
... glycerol (3C) G3P glycolysis fatty acids 2C acetyl acetyl Krebs ...
Ch_9 Control of Respiration
... glycerol (3C) G3P glycolysis fatty acids 2C acetyl acetyl Krebs ...
... glycerol (3C) G3P glycolysis fatty acids 2C acetyl acetyl Krebs ...
ATP
... The energy is stored in the molecule as a whole, although the breaking of the bonds initiates its release AMP & ADP may be reconverted to ATP by adding phosphate group(s) through the process called phosphorylation, e.g. ...
... The energy is stored in the molecule as a whole, although the breaking of the bonds initiates its release AMP & ADP may be reconverted to ATP by adding phosphate group(s) through the process called phosphorylation, e.g. ...
Chapter 4 Microbial Metabolism
... inorganic compound other than oxygen •Major electron acceptors = Nitrate, sulfate, CO2, Iron •Anaerobic respiration produces less ATP •Anaerobic respiration is more efficient than fermentation •Uses ETC & oxidative phosphorylation in absence of O2 ...
... inorganic compound other than oxygen •Major electron acceptors = Nitrate, sulfate, CO2, Iron •Anaerobic respiration produces less ATP •Anaerobic respiration is more efficient than fermentation •Uses ETC & oxidative phosphorylation in absence of O2 ...
7. Metabolism
... 2. Fatty acids-to-acetyl CoA reactions are called fatty acid oxidation. 3. Fatty acids cannot be used to synthesize glucose. Glucose must be available to provide energy to the red blood cells, brain, and nervous system. C. Amino Acids 1. Amino acids can be concerted to acetyl CoA after deamination. ...
... 2. Fatty acids-to-acetyl CoA reactions are called fatty acid oxidation. 3. Fatty acids cannot be used to synthesize glucose. Glucose must be available to provide energy to the red blood cells, brain, and nervous system. C. Amino Acids 1. Amino acids can be concerted to acetyl CoA after deamination. ...
Name: Cell Biology Unit Test #1
... 6) In a typical human cell at rest, the Na+/K+-ATPase maintains the extracellular concentration of sodium at approximately _____mM and the intracellular concentration at about _______mM. A) 14, 1.0 B) 140, 10 C) 10, 140 D) 4.0, 100 7) A typical human cell is approximately ________in size. A) 1X2X2na ...
... 6) In a typical human cell at rest, the Na+/K+-ATPase maintains the extracellular concentration of sodium at approximately _____mM and the intracellular concentration at about _______mM. A) 14, 1.0 B) 140, 10 C) 10, 140 D) 4.0, 100 7) A typical human cell is approximately ________in size. A) 1X2X2na ...
Respiration and Photosynthesis Class Work Where does the energy
... to perform aerobic cellular respiration, which requires oxygen. ...
... to perform aerobic cellular respiration, which requires oxygen. ...
Energy In A Cell
... amount of energy is released for use by the cell. After the bond is broken, the remaining molecule holds only two phosphate groups. It is now called ADP. ADP can absorb energy, use this energy to add another phosphate, and become ATP again. ATP allows the cell to use its energy a little at a time. ...
... amount of energy is released for use by the cell. After the bond is broken, the remaining molecule holds only two phosphate groups. It is now called ADP. ADP can absorb energy, use this energy to add another phosphate, and become ATP again. ATP allows the cell to use its energy a little at a time. ...
Energy In A Cell
... amount of energy is released for use by the cell. After the bond is broken, the remaining molecule holds only two phosphate groups. It is now called ADP. ADP can absorb energy, use this energy to add another phosphate, and become ATP again. ATP allows the cell to use its energy a little at a time. ...
... amount of energy is released for use by the cell. After the bond is broken, the remaining molecule holds only two phosphate groups. It is now called ADP. ADP can absorb energy, use this energy to add another phosphate, and become ATP again. ATP allows the cell to use its energy a little at a time. ...
Biology 231
... enzymes – 100s of protein catalysts (end in –ase) function depends on structure very specific – only catalyze specific reactions substrate – reactant molecule(s) enzyme acts on active site – site that binds specific substrate(s) very efficient – may increase reaction rate millions of times enzyme is ...
... enzymes – 100s of protein catalysts (end in –ase) function depends on structure very specific – only catalyze specific reactions substrate – reactant molecule(s) enzyme acts on active site – site that binds specific substrate(s) very efficient – may increase reaction rate millions of times enzyme is ...
Lecture 11: Take your Vitamins! Enzyme Cofactors Reference
... bind by electrostatic bonds to active site residues 3. For each coenzyme listed in Table 7-1 (slide 8), list the vitamin source of the cofactor (if there is one) and provide the metabolic role of each cofactor. This will be very important for the nutrition class also. ...
... bind by electrostatic bonds to active site residues 3. For each coenzyme listed in Table 7-1 (slide 8), list the vitamin source of the cofactor (if there is one) and provide the metabolic role of each cofactor. This will be very important for the nutrition class also. ...
Fermentations
... The balanced net reaction for the pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase reaction: pyruvate + CoA + 2 FDox + 2 H+ ----- Δ2e- ----> acetyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 FDox + H2 Note that the iron-sulfur protein Ferredoxin (FD) merely shuttles electrons from the substrate to H+, and is regenerated in the process. The P ...
... The balanced net reaction for the pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase reaction: pyruvate + CoA + 2 FDox + 2 H+ ----- Δ2e- ----> acetyl-CoA + CO2 + 2 FDox + H2 Note that the iron-sulfur protein Ferredoxin (FD) merely shuttles electrons from the substrate to H+, and is regenerated in the process. The P ...
At the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, David Davies won the silver
... * This system involves the partial breakdown of glucose (oxygen is required for full breakdown). ...
... * This system involves the partial breakdown of glucose (oxygen is required for full breakdown). ...
Free Energy and Enzymes (Chapter 6) Outline Growing Old With
... components of electron transport systems located on various cell membranes. ...
... components of electron transport systems located on various cell membranes. ...
Chapter 16 The Citric Acid Cycle
... • Bypass 2 of Gluconeogenesis is similarly controlled by AMP inhibition • Therefore, high [ATP], [acetyl-CoA], or [citrate] favor making glucose • As does the hormone glucagon… Chapter 16 ...
... • Bypass 2 of Gluconeogenesis is similarly controlled by AMP inhibition • Therefore, high [ATP], [acetyl-CoA], or [citrate] favor making glucose • As does the hormone glucagon… Chapter 16 ...
2 ATP - HCC Learning Web
... place within the mitochondrial matrix • The citric acid cycle has eight steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme • The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with oxaloacetate, forming citrate • The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate, making the process a ...
... place within the mitochondrial matrix • The citric acid cycle has eight steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme • The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with oxaloacetate, forming citrate • The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate, making the process a ...
Glycolysis
... Balance sheet for ~P bonds of ATP: 2 ATP expended 4 ATP produced (2 from each of two 3C fragments from glucose) Net production of 2 ~P bonds of ATP per glucose. Glycolysis - total pathway, omitting H+: glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP In aerobic organisms: pyruv ...
... Balance sheet for ~P bonds of ATP: 2 ATP expended 4 ATP produced (2 from each of two 3C fragments from glucose) Net production of 2 ~P bonds of ATP per glucose. Glycolysis - total pathway, omitting H+: glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP In aerobic organisms: pyruv ...
Glycolysis
... Balance sheet for ~P bonds of ATP: 2 ATP expended 4 ATP produced (2 from each of two 3C fragments from glucose) Net production of 2 ~P bonds of ATP per glucose. Glycolysis - total pathway, omitting H+: glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP In aerobic organisms: pyruv ...
... Balance sheet for ~P bonds of ATP: 2 ATP expended 4 ATP produced (2 from each of two 3C fragments from glucose) Net production of 2 ~P bonds of ATP per glucose. Glycolysis - total pathway, omitting H+: glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP In aerobic organisms: pyruv ...
Oxidation of Cytoplasmic Reduced NAD (NADH+H )
... equivalents from cytosolic NADH+H into the mitochondrion to be oxidized via the electron transport chain. The shuttle involves two different glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (glycerol-3PDH): one is cytosolic, acting to produce glycerol-3-phosphate from dihydroxyactone phosphate (DHAP), and the ot ...
... equivalents from cytosolic NADH+H into the mitochondrion to be oxidized via the electron transport chain. The shuttle involves two different glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (glycerol-3PDH): one is cytosolic, acting to produce glycerol-3-phosphate from dihydroxyactone phosphate (DHAP), and the ot ...
Midterm #2 - UC Davis Plant Sciences
... negative). The pH difference and the membrane potential contribute to the proton-motive force (PMF) across the mitochondrial membrane. Calculate the PMF (G) for these mitochondria at 37oC (Go’=0). For full credit you must show your work. (5 pts) G = Go’ + 2.303RTpH + ZF G = (2.303 x 8.315 J ...
... negative). The pH difference and the membrane potential contribute to the proton-motive force (PMF) across the mitochondrial membrane. Calculate the PMF (G) for these mitochondria at 37oC (Go’=0). For full credit you must show your work. (5 pts) G = Go’ + 2.303RTpH + ZF G = (2.303 x 8.315 J ...
Nucleotide metabolismmod
... Regulation of Deoxyribonucleotides synthesis The regulation of this enzyme is complex Not only the activity is regulated but also substrate specificity The binding of dATP to an allosteric site called activity site inhibits the enzyme while the binding of ATP to this site activate the enzyme. T ...
... Regulation of Deoxyribonucleotides synthesis The regulation of this enzyme is complex Not only the activity is regulated but also substrate specificity The binding of dATP to an allosteric site called activity site inhibits the enzyme while the binding of ATP to this site activate the enzyme. T ...
Chapter 9 - John A. Ferguson Senior High School
... FADH2 account for most of the energy extracted from food These two electron carriers donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
... FADH2 account for most of the energy extracted from food These two electron carriers donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
Respiration
... 2. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent. ...
... 2. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent. ...
Lecture03
... – The molecules of electron transport chains are built into the inner membranes of mitochondria. • The chain functions as a chemical machine that uses energy released by the “fall” of electrons to pump hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial ...
... – The molecules of electron transport chains are built into the inner membranes of mitochondria. • The chain functions as a chemical machine that uses energy released by the “fall” of electrons to pump hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.