AKA TCA CYCLE, KREB`S CYCLE
... •in the terminal respiratory chain: the oxidation of each NADH is coupled to the synthesis of about 3 ATP the oxidation of FADH2 is coupled to the synthesis of about 2 ATP GTP can transfer its γ phosphate to ADP to form ATP catalyzed by nucleoside diphosphate kinase total ATP yield is thus about 38 ...
... •in the terminal respiratory chain: the oxidation of each NADH is coupled to the synthesis of about 3 ATP the oxidation of FADH2 is coupled to the synthesis of about 2 ATP GTP can transfer its γ phosphate to ADP to form ATP catalyzed by nucleoside diphosphate kinase total ATP yield is thus about 38 ...
MLAB 1315-Hematology Fall 2007 Keri Brophy
... Person eats or inhales fava bean or its pollen Hereditary ...
... Person eats or inhales fava bean or its pollen Hereditary ...
APB Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotic cells or in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes. It completes the breakdown of ___________________________________________________________________. ...
... The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotic cells or in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes. It completes the breakdown of ___________________________________________________________________. ...
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
... 3 reactions in glycolysis are essentially irreversible, thus ...
... 3 reactions in glycolysis are essentially irreversible, thus ...
Chapter 6
... The last stages of aerobic respiration involve oxidative phosphorylation: the use of oxygen to produce ATP from ADP and Pi. (You’ll remember that photophosphorylation was the production of ATP using light.) ...
... The last stages of aerobic respiration involve oxidative phosphorylation: the use of oxygen to produce ATP from ADP and Pi. (You’ll remember that photophosphorylation was the production of ATP using light.) ...
Energy Systems
... exercise. Anaerobic Glycolysis refers to the breakdown of glucose (glycolysis) to pyruvate, which in the absence of O2, is converted to lactic acid. In muscle fibers, glucose is made available through the breakdown of muscle glycogen stores. Anaerobic glycolysis is not limited by the availability of ...
... exercise. Anaerobic Glycolysis refers to the breakdown of glucose (glycolysis) to pyruvate, which in the absence of O2, is converted to lactic acid. In muscle fibers, glucose is made available through the breakdown of muscle glycogen stores. Anaerobic glycolysis is not limited by the availability of ...
lecture 6, cellular respiration, 031709
... matter from inorganic nutrients including carbon dioxide, water, and minerals from the soil. • Animals are heterotrophs (other-feeders) that cannot make organic molecules from inorganic ones—they must eat to obtain nutrients ...
... matter from inorganic nutrients including carbon dioxide, water, and minerals from the soil. • Animals are heterotrophs (other-feeders) that cannot make organic molecules from inorganic ones—they must eat to obtain nutrients ...
Mitochondria & Chloroplasts
... break down larger molecules into smaller to generate energy = catabolism generate energy in presence of O2 = aerobic respiration ...
... break down larger molecules into smaller to generate energy = catabolism generate energy in presence of O2 = aerobic respiration ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
... In each turn of the cycle, on acetyl froup enters as acetyl-CoA and two Co2 leave; 1 OAA used and 1 OAA generated; NADH and FADH2, GTP or ATP 2. Four or five carbon intermediate serve as precursor of biomolecule 3. In eucaryotes, cycle takes place in mitochondria - the site of most energyyielding ox ...
... In each turn of the cycle, on acetyl froup enters as acetyl-CoA and two Co2 leave; 1 OAA used and 1 OAA generated; NADH and FADH2, GTP or ATP 2. Four or five carbon intermediate serve as precursor of biomolecule 3. In eucaryotes, cycle takes place in mitochondria - the site of most energyyielding ox ...
EOC Cram sheet
... molecules and oxygen to make the ATP they need. Carbon dioxide and water are waste products, which is why you breathe out CO2. From one glucose molecule, a cell can gain as many as 36 ATP molecules! What if there is not enough oxygen available for cellular respiration? Fermentation is a process that ...
... molecules and oxygen to make the ATP they need. Carbon dioxide and water are waste products, which is why you breathe out CO2. From one glucose molecule, a cell can gain as many as 36 ATP molecules! What if there is not enough oxygen available for cellular respiration? Fermentation is a process that ...
Workbook
... _____ 1. Fermentation is the process of making ATP in the presence of oxygen. _____ 2. Aerobic respiration evolved after oxygen was added to Earth’s atmosphere. _____ 3. Anaerobic respiration lets organisms live in places where there is little or no oxygen. _____ 4. Alcoholic fermentation explains w ...
... _____ 1. Fermentation is the process of making ATP in the presence of oxygen. _____ 2. Aerobic respiration evolved after oxygen was added to Earth’s atmosphere. _____ 3. Anaerobic respiration lets organisms live in places where there is little or no oxygen. _____ 4. Alcoholic fermentation explains w ...
Chapter 9 (Jan 27-29)
... Figure 9.16 ATP yield per molecule of glucose at each stage of cellular respiration (UPDATED) ...
... Figure 9.16 ATP yield per molecule of glucose at each stage of cellular respiration (UPDATED) ...
Nerve activates contraction
... • The energy released by ATP breaking down into ADP and P can power a variety of needs in the cell ...
... • The energy released by ATP breaking down into ADP and P can power a variety of needs in the cell ...
Problems
... 1. Which of the reactions of a metabolic pathway would you expect to be regulated? List all that apply: a. the 1st committed step of the pathway b. the last step of the pathway c. a highly spontaneous reaction d. a rate-limiting reaction e. a reaction in which [products]/[reactants] is close to Keq ...
... 1. Which of the reactions of a metabolic pathway would you expect to be regulated? List all that apply: a. the 1st committed step of the pathway b. the last step of the pathway c. a highly spontaneous reaction d. a rate-limiting reaction e. a reaction in which [products]/[reactants] is close to Keq ...
Study Guide
... _____ 2. The starting substance of the Krebs cycle, which is regenerated at the end of the cycle, is a. acetyl CoA. b. pyruvic acid. c. oxaloacetic acid. d. citric acid. _____ 3. The Krebs cycle a. produces two molecules CO2. b. produces a six-carbon molecule from six molecules of CO2. ...
... _____ 2. The starting substance of the Krebs cycle, which is regenerated at the end of the cycle, is a. acetyl CoA. b. pyruvic acid. c. oxaloacetic acid. d. citric acid. _____ 3. The Krebs cycle a. produces two molecules CO2. b. produces a six-carbon molecule from six molecules of CO2. ...
File
... Adenine, a nitrogenous base Ribose, a five-carbon sugar Chain of 3 phosphate groups ...
... Adenine, a nitrogenous base Ribose, a five-carbon sugar Chain of 3 phosphate groups ...
Chapter 19 Lipid Metabolism
... →Fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA in the cytosol. The body synthesizes palmitic acid (16:0), and then modifies it to form other fatty acids. Synthesis of Palmitic Acid 8 acetyl-CoA + 7 ATP +14NADPH +14H+ → palmitic acid +14NADP + + 8CoA + 7ADP + 7Pi + 6H2 O E= fatty acid synthase-composed ...
... →Fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA in the cytosol. The body synthesizes palmitic acid (16:0), and then modifies it to form other fatty acids. Synthesis of Palmitic Acid 8 acetyl-CoA + 7 ATP +14NADPH +14H+ → palmitic acid +14NADP + + 8CoA + 7ADP + 7Pi + 6H2 O E= fatty acid synthase-composed ...
Energy systems of a runner. Presentation for Level
... Blood flow INCREASES to exercising muscles and decreases from areas of lesser need. (This phenomena improves with endurance training.) ...
... Blood flow INCREASES to exercising muscles and decreases from areas of lesser need. (This phenomena improves with endurance training.) ...
Metabolism during Exercise
... • Energy produced aerobically requires O2 • Therefore, O2 uptake can be used as a measure for energy use ...
... • Energy produced aerobically requires O2 • Therefore, O2 uptake can be used as a measure for energy use ...
Chapter 16 Citric Acid Cycle
... we saw was that methyl groups are more reactive when the are directly attached to a COO group or 1 methyl group away from a COO group. Thus what the Citric Acid cycle is going to to is to take that CH3 group and put it adjacent to other groups to it becomes more reactive, and we will use step by ste ...
... we saw was that methyl groups are more reactive when the are directly attached to a COO group or 1 methyl group away from a COO group. Thus what the Citric Acid cycle is going to to is to take that CH3 group and put it adjacent to other groups to it becomes more reactive, and we will use step by ste ...
IB-Respiration-2015
... Fermentation can generate ATP from glucose by substrate-level phosphorylation as long as there is a supply of NAD+ to accept electrons. Under anaerobic conditions, various fermentation pathways generate ATP by glycolysis and recycle NAD+ by transferring electrons from NADH to pyruvate. ...
... Fermentation can generate ATP from glucose by substrate-level phosphorylation as long as there is a supply of NAD+ to accept electrons. Under anaerobic conditions, various fermentation pathways generate ATP by glycolysis and recycle NAD+ by transferring electrons from NADH to pyruvate. ...
6. In both photosynthesis and respiration, a electrochemical proton
... A. 2 turns of the cycle (1 per acetyl CoA) one molecule of glucose is fully oxidized to CO2 B. A series of oxidation / reduction reactions produces 2CO2, 3NADH, 1FADH2 (another electron / hydrogen carrier) and 1 ATP per turn of the cycle (Total = X2) Electron Transport Chain + Chemiosmosis A. ...
... A. 2 turns of the cycle (1 per acetyl CoA) one molecule of glucose is fully oxidized to CO2 B. A series of oxidation / reduction reactions produces 2CO2, 3NADH, 1FADH2 (another electron / hydrogen carrier) and 1 ATP per turn of the cycle (Total = X2) Electron Transport Chain + Chemiosmosis A. ...
Islamic University of Gaza Advanced Biochemistry Faculty of
... reaction? What cofactor is essential in the first of these reactions? Name a tissue besides the liver in which gluconeogenesis occurs. (3 points) Answer: 1. Pyruvate Carboxylase: essential cofactor Biotin ...
... reaction? What cofactor is essential in the first of these reactions? Name a tissue besides the liver in which gluconeogenesis occurs. (3 points) Answer: 1. Pyruvate Carboxylase: essential cofactor Biotin ...
32. It is most reasonable to hypothesize that, in the
... 7. According to the data, the crickets at 25oC have greater oxygen consumption per gram of tissue than do the crickets at 10oC. This trend in oxygen consumption is the opposite of that in the mice. The difference in trends in oxygen consumption among crickets and mice is due to their (A) relative si ...
... 7. According to the data, the crickets at 25oC have greater oxygen consumption per gram of tissue than do the crickets at 10oC. This trend in oxygen consumption is the opposite of that in the mice. The difference in trends in oxygen consumption among crickets and mice is due to their (A) relative si ...
Lecture 3 - Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis 1 2 3 4
... The brain has a strong preference for glucose, while the red blood cells have and absolute requirement for glucose. The brain needs 120 g of glucose/day The liver has about a 190 g store of glucose as glycogen. (About a 1 day’s supply) Glucose can be synthesized in the liver from pyruvate, glycerol ...
... The brain has a strong preference for glucose, while the red blood cells have and absolute requirement for glucose. The brain needs 120 g of glucose/day The liver has about a 190 g store of glucose as glycogen. (About a 1 day’s supply) Glucose can be synthesized in the liver from pyruvate, glycerol ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.