Glucose Metabolism
... 1. Fructose is phosphorylated in muscle to form fructose – 6 – phosphate. In the liver it is converted to glyceraldehyde – 3 – phosphate. 2. Galactose is converted to glucose – 6 – phosphate 3. Mannose is converted to fructose – 6- phosphate. ...
... 1. Fructose is phosphorylated in muscle to form fructose – 6 – phosphate. In the liver it is converted to glyceraldehyde – 3 – phosphate. 2. Galactose is converted to glucose – 6 – phosphate 3. Mannose is converted to fructose – 6- phosphate. ...
Ch 9 Notes - Dublin City Schools
... You down with NAD+???? • If oxygen is present, pyruvate will enter the mitochondrian and go through the citric acid cycle. • NAD+ = coenzyme – Functions as an oxidizing agent by accepting electrons – Accepts electrons during glycolysis and citric acid cycle – Converted NADH when it accepts electron ...
... You down with NAD+???? • If oxygen is present, pyruvate will enter the mitochondrian and go through the citric acid cycle. • NAD+ = coenzyme – Functions as an oxidizing agent by accepting electrons – Accepts electrons during glycolysis and citric acid cycle – Converted NADH when it accepts electron ...
Sample exam 2
... 22. Is the fixing of nitrogen an exothermic or endothermic process? 23. Which molecule is necessary for the assimilation of nitrogen into amino acids? a. b. c. d. ...
... 22. Is the fixing of nitrogen an exothermic or endothermic process? 23. Which molecule is necessary for the assimilation of nitrogen into amino acids? a. b. c. d. ...
Review Questions for Advanced Biochemistry Course
... decreasing the GTPase activity of Gαs-stimulatory subunit decreasing the cAMP phosphodiesterase activity increasing protein phosphatase activity in the cell ...
... decreasing the GTPase activity of Gαs-stimulatory subunit decreasing the cAMP phosphodiesterase activity increasing protein phosphatase activity in the cell ...
Final Exam reviewsheet 1415
... chain use to make ATP How does ATP synthase work to make ATP in chemiosmosis? (In the ETC?) How is Oxygen used in the ETC? How many ATP are produced during the electron transport chain 25. What is the net total ATP produced as a result of cellular respiration 26. Draw a chloroplast, label the import ...
... chain use to make ATP How does ATP synthase work to make ATP in chemiosmosis? (In the ETC?) How is Oxygen used in the ETC? How many ATP are produced during the electron transport chain 25. What is the net total ATP produced as a result of cellular respiration 26. Draw a chloroplast, label the import ...
BOTANY DEPARTMENT - university of nairobi staff profiles
... the intricate nature of life. Define homeostatis, differentiate between Homoeotherms and Poikilotherms Distinguish different modes autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition Understand anaerobic and aerobic metabolism and its importance A good understanding of biological reductive and oxidative reactio ...
... the intricate nature of life. Define homeostatis, differentiate between Homoeotherms and Poikilotherms Distinguish different modes autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition Understand anaerobic and aerobic metabolism and its importance A good understanding of biological reductive and oxidative reactio ...
New Shock Sleeve_Watermelon
... with radical energy from head to toe! That’s right, you really start to feel this Energy Performance Drink work within 15 minutes! Just one bottle of Xtreme Shock® and you’ll be hooked for life!!! Xtreme Shock® is for everyone, from the hardcore athlete to the weekend warrior, who is looking for tha ...
... with radical energy from head to toe! That’s right, you really start to feel this Energy Performance Drink work within 15 minutes! Just one bottle of Xtreme Shock® and you’ll be hooked for life!!! Xtreme Shock® is for everyone, from the hardcore athlete to the weekend warrior, who is looking for tha ...
Photosynthesis Chloroplasts Light Reactions (photons → NADPH +
... complete with Q) 2. Cytochrome b6f complex - (resembles cyt bc1 and Complex III) cyt f, cyt b6 (2 hemes), [2Fe-2S] protein, bound plastoquinol, transport H+ from outside to inside of thylakoid membrane using Q cycle Generates much of the H+ gradient that drives ATP synthesis 3. PSI - 7 subunits (2 l ...
... complete with Q) 2. Cytochrome b6f complex - (resembles cyt bc1 and Complex III) cyt f, cyt b6 (2 hemes), [2Fe-2S] protein, bound plastoquinol, transport H+ from outside to inside of thylakoid membrane using Q cycle Generates much of the H+ gradient that drives ATP synthesis 3. PSI - 7 subunits (2 l ...
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... Overview of Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen. ▶ Cellular respiration captures the energy from food in three main stages: • glycolysis • the Krebs cycle • the electron transport chain ▶ Glycolysis does not require oxygen ...
... Overview of Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen. ▶ Cellular respiration captures the energy from food in three main stages: • glycolysis • the Krebs cycle • the electron transport chain ▶ Glycolysis does not require oxygen ...
Cellular Energy and Mitochondrial ATP Production: A
... The major absorbed end products of food digestion are glucose (from carbohydrates); short, medium and long-chain fatty acids (from lipids); and amino acids (from protein). All three classes of these nutrients can serve as fuel sources for the mitochondria to produce cellular energy in the form of AT ...
... The major absorbed end products of food digestion are glucose (from carbohydrates); short, medium and long-chain fatty acids (from lipids); and amino acids (from protein). All three classes of these nutrients can serve as fuel sources for the mitochondria to produce cellular energy in the form of AT ...
Sheldon Biology Semester I Review Sheet
... Primary- polypeptide between the amino group and carboxyl group of two separate amino acids Secondary-alpha helix and beta-pleated sheets—uses H bonds between the C=O and N-H Tertiary- “R” groups: Ionic bonds, sulfur bridges, hydrophobic reactions, hydrogen bonds. Quaternary- same as tertiary, but u ...
... Primary- polypeptide between the amino group and carboxyl group of two separate amino acids Secondary-alpha helix and beta-pleated sheets—uses H bonds between the C=O and N-H Tertiary- “R” groups: Ionic bonds, sulfur bridges, hydrophobic reactions, hydrogen bonds. Quaternary- same as tertiary, but u ...
Higher Human Biology HW 3
... (b) During Stage A, glucose is converted to pyruvate. Name the molecule that provides phosphate for this conversion. _________________________________________________________ ...
... (b) During Stage A, glucose is converted to pyruvate. Name the molecule that provides phosphate for this conversion. _________________________________________________________ ...
Cell Metabolism - Cathkin High School
... (b) During Stage A, glucose is converted to pyruvate. Name the molecule that provides phosphate for this conversion. _________________________________________________________ ...
... (b) During Stage A, glucose is converted to pyruvate. Name the molecule that provides phosphate for this conversion. _________________________________________________________ ...
Topic 3 – The Chemistry of Life
... lower activity above and below optimum pH / graph showing this too acidic / base pH can determine enzyme change shape of active site / tertiary structure altered substrate cannot bind to active site / enzyme-substrate complex cannot hydrogen / ionic bonds in the enzyme / active site are br ...
... lower activity above and below optimum pH / graph showing this too acidic / base pH can determine enzyme change shape of active site / tertiary structure altered substrate cannot bind to active site / enzyme-substrate complex cannot hydrogen / ionic bonds in the enzyme / active site are br ...
Document
... In Stage 1, the digestion of proteins • begins in the stomach where HCl in stomach acid activates pepsin to hydrolyze peptide bonds. • continues in the small intestine where trypsin and chymotrypsin hydrolyze peptides to amino acids. • ends as amino acids enter the bloodstream for transport to cells ...
... In Stage 1, the digestion of proteins • begins in the stomach where HCl in stomach acid activates pepsin to hydrolyze peptide bonds. • continues in the small intestine where trypsin and chymotrypsin hydrolyze peptides to amino acids. • ends as amino acids enter the bloodstream for transport to cells ...
BOOK NOTES ch9_sec3
... Efficiency of Cellular Respiration • Cells release energy most efficiently when oxygen is present because they make most of their ATP during aerobic respiration. ...
... Efficiency of Cellular Respiration • Cells release energy most efficiently when oxygen is present because they make most of their ATP during aerobic respiration. ...
51. What is the purpose of oxygen in aerobic respiration? a. Oxygen
... 61. At levels of atmospheric O2 below 1%, the amount of CO2 released is relatively high. This is probably because a. The Krebs cycle is very active b. O2 is being converted to H2O c. Alcoholic fermentation is occurring d. There are insufficient amounts of coenzyme A e. Photosynthesis cannot function ...
... 61. At levels of atmospheric O2 below 1%, the amount of CO2 released is relatively high. This is probably because a. The Krebs cycle is very active b. O2 is being converted to H2O c. Alcoholic fermentation is occurring d. There are insufficient amounts of coenzyme A e. Photosynthesis cannot function ...
Cellular Respiration Chapter 8 Outline Glycolysis Transition
... of glucose to carbon dioxide and water. ! Energy within a glucose molecule is released slowly so that ATP can be produced gradually. ! NAD+ and FAD are oxidation-reduction enzymes active during cellular respiration. Mader: Biology 8th Ed. ...
... of glucose to carbon dioxide and water. ! Energy within a glucose molecule is released slowly so that ATP can be produced gradually. ! NAD+ and FAD are oxidation-reduction enzymes active during cellular respiration. Mader: Biology 8th Ed. ...
AP Review II Answer Key
... a. The Krebs cycle is very active b. O2 is being converted to H2O c. Alcoholic fermentation is occurring d. There are insufficient amounts of coenzyme A e. Photosynthesis cannot function at night 62. As levels of O2 increase beyond 5%, the amounts of CO2 released increase. This is probably a direct ...
... a. The Krebs cycle is very active b. O2 is being converted to H2O c. Alcoholic fermentation is occurring d. There are insufficient amounts of coenzyme A e. Photosynthesis cannot function at night 62. As levels of O2 increase beyond 5%, the amounts of CO2 released increase. This is probably a direct ...
as a PDF
... evolution of cells, biologists compare similarities in the chemiosmotic machinery of mitochondria to that of chloroplasts and bacteria. ...
... evolution of cells, biologists compare similarities in the chemiosmotic machinery of mitochondria to that of chloroplasts and bacteria. ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated by cellular respiration • A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation BioFlix: Cellular Respiration ...
... • Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated by cellular respiration • A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation BioFlix: Cellular Respiration ...
Exam 2
... a. Complex II (Succinate-Coenzyme Q reductase) is succinate dehydrogenase complex and pumps protons from matrix to cytosol. b. Complex IV (Cytochrome c oxidase) catalyzes reduction of molecular oxygen. c. Cytochrome c is a peripheral membrane protein and carries one electron between Complex III and ...
... a. Complex II (Succinate-Coenzyme Q reductase) is succinate dehydrogenase complex and pumps protons from matrix to cytosol. b. Complex IV (Cytochrome c oxidase) catalyzes reduction of molecular oxygen. c. Cytochrome c is a peripheral membrane protein and carries one electron between Complex III and ...
9-1 and 9-3 PowerPoint Notes
... Fermentation is a process by which energy can be released from food molecules in the ___________ of ___________. Fermentation occurs in the ___________of cells. Alcoholic Fermentation __________ and a few other microorganisms use alcoholic fermentation that produces ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. ...
... Fermentation is a process by which energy can be released from food molecules in the ___________ of ___________. Fermentation occurs in the ___________of cells. Alcoholic Fermentation __________ and a few other microorganisms use alcoholic fermentation that produces ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.