Chapter 25
... • There are three major metabolic destinations for the principle nutrients. They will be used for energy for active processes, synthesized into structural or functional molecules, or synthesized as fat or glycogen for later use as energy. ...
... • There are three major metabolic destinations for the principle nutrients. They will be used for energy for active processes, synthesized into structural or functional molecules, or synthesized as fat or glycogen for later use as energy. ...
Metabolic Processes Jeopardy Review
... reacting to form _________________ Acetyl Co-A (2C) and Oxaloacetate (4C) to form Citrate (6C) ...
... reacting to form _________________ Acetyl Co-A (2C) and Oxaloacetate (4C) to form Citrate (6C) ...
Intro metabolism
... -2 types of phosphorylation result in ATP formation 1. substrate level phosphorylation (the phosphate is simply removes from one chemical and placed onto another) 2. Oxidative phosphorylation – Electron Transfers Drive ATP Formation ***OIL – RIG or LEO - GER redox reactions release energy, which is ...
... -2 types of phosphorylation result in ATP formation 1. substrate level phosphorylation (the phosphate is simply removes from one chemical and placed onto another) 2. Oxidative phosphorylation – Electron Transfers Drive ATP Formation ***OIL – RIG or LEO - GER redox reactions release energy, which is ...
10 BIO By dr. bp karn Q1.What do you mean by nutrition?
... Q30.why is ATP called the energy currency of a cell ? Q31.How does air reach in each cell of insect ? Q32.why we get tired after the vigorous exercise ? Q33.What is the function of the trachea ?why does its wall not even when there is less air in it ? Q34.Why does the lack of oxygen in muscles open ...
... Q30.why is ATP called the energy currency of a cell ? Q31.How does air reach in each cell of insect ? Q32.why we get tired after the vigorous exercise ? Q33.What is the function of the trachea ?why does its wall not even when there is less air in it ? Q34.Why does the lack of oxygen in muscles open ...
Cellular Respiration
... glycolysis, regenerating NAD+ needed for glycolysis to continue. •Lactic Acid Fermentation In lactic acid fermentation, bacteria and other animals covert pyruvate to lactic acid. Makes things SOUR! •Alcohol fermentation- Yeasts convert pyruvate to alcohol and CO2 ...
... glycolysis, regenerating NAD+ needed for glycolysis to continue. •Lactic Acid Fermentation In lactic acid fermentation, bacteria and other animals covert pyruvate to lactic acid. Makes things SOUR! •Alcohol fermentation- Yeasts convert pyruvate to alcohol and CO2 ...
Bio302 Biochemistry II
... c) This is the name applied to metabolic reactions that replenish citric acid cycle intermediates that are depleted because they were used for biosynthesis:……………….. d) These proteins are tightly associated with FAD or FMN:…………….. e) This is the site at which citric acid reactions takes place.:……………… ...
... c) This is the name applied to metabolic reactions that replenish citric acid cycle intermediates that are depleted because they were used for biosynthesis:……………….. d) These proteins are tightly associated with FAD or FMN:…………….. e) This is the site at which citric acid reactions takes place.:……………… ...
Chapter 3 - Los Angeles City College
... 1. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells. 2. The smallest living organisms are single cells, and cells are the functional units of multicellular organisms. 3. All cells arise from preexisting cells. ...
... 1. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells. 2. The smallest living organisms are single cells, and cells are the functional units of multicellular organisms. 3. All cells arise from preexisting cells. ...
Energy and Enzymes
... The rate of chemical reactions therefore increases with temperature but then decreases. ...
... The rate of chemical reactions therefore increases with temperature but then decreases. ...
Phosphorylation - Biology Junction
... Where did the CO2 come from? Where did the CO2 go? Where did the H2O come from? Where did the ATP come from? What else is produced that is not listed in this equation? Why do we breathe? AP Biology ...
... Where did the CO2 come from? Where did the CO2 go? Where did the H2O come from? Where did the ATP come from? What else is produced that is not listed in this equation? Why do we breathe? AP Biology ...
Honors Biology Notes:
... • ____________________: breakdown of macromolecules into monomers, releasing energy from the broken bonds • ____________________: building macromolecules from monomers, using energy to form bonds ATP (_________________________________________) powers cellular work – ATP loses one ___________________ ...
... • ____________________: breakdown of macromolecules into monomers, releasing energy from the broken bonds • ____________________: building macromolecules from monomers, using energy to form bonds ATP (_________________________________________) powers cellular work – ATP loses one ___________________ ...
Photosynthesis
... Temperature- as you increase temperature, enzyme action will increase until an opitmum temperature of 37 degrees Celsius is reached Enzyme-Substrate Concentration1. High levels of enzyme + low levels of substrate = an increase in enzyme action 2. Low levels of enzyme + high levels of substrate = a d ...
... Temperature- as you increase temperature, enzyme action will increase until an opitmum temperature of 37 degrees Celsius is reached Enzyme-Substrate Concentration1. High levels of enzyme + low levels of substrate = an increase in enzyme action 2. Low levels of enzyme + high levels of substrate = a d ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Finally, each acetic acid is attached to a molecule called coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA. • The CoA escorts the acetic acid into the first reaction of the citric acid cycle. • The CoA is then stripped and recycled. ...
... • Finally, each acetic acid is attached to a molecule called coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA. • The CoA escorts the acetic acid into the first reaction of the citric acid cycle. • The CoA is then stripped and recycled. ...
1 - SMIC Nutrition Science
... enzymes require that cofactors be attached to their active sites in order to function. Coenzymes are organic molecules derived from vitamins such as niacin and riboflavin. Unlike cofactors, coenzymes are not actually a part of the enzyme structure. Rather, they assist enzymes by accepting and donati ...
... enzymes require that cofactors be attached to their active sites in order to function. Coenzymes are organic molecules derived from vitamins such as niacin and riboflavin. Unlike cofactors, coenzymes are not actually a part of the enzyme structure. Rather, they assist enzymes by accepting and donati ...
Krebs (Citric Acid) Cycle
... Krebs (Citric Acid) Cycle It is also known as Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle. In prokaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the cytoplasm; in eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria. The Krebs Cycle is the source for the precursors of many molecu ...
... Krebs (Citric Acid) Cycle It is also known as Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle. In prokaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the cytoplasm; in eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria. The Krebs Cycle is the source for the precursors of many molecu ...
Fundamentals of Biochemistry
... by a net G of -76 kJ per mole of glucose converted to two moles of pyruvate ...
... by a net G of -76 kJ per mole of glucose converted to two moles of pyruvate ...
Example of the Course Test 2 10th December, 8:00, registration from
... a) reaction: CH3-CO-COOH + NAD+ + HSCoA -> CO2 + NADH + H+ + CH3-CO~SCoA describes a decarboxylation of oxaloacetate b) glucose can be metabolised to lactate in erythrocytes c) insulin activates only anabolic pathways d) adenylate kinase catalyzes this reaction: ADP + ADP = AMP + ATP 2) Choose true ...
... a) reaction: CH3-CO-COOH + NAD+ + HSCoA -> CO2 + NADH + H+ + CH3-CO~SCoA describes a decarboxylation of oxaloacetate b) glucose can be metabolised to lactate in erythrocytes c) insulin activates only anabolic pathways d) adenylate kinase catalyzes this reaction: ADP + ADP = AMP + ATP 2) Choose true ...
Translation and the Genetic Code
... 11. During translation, stop codons code for the amino acid tyrosine which is always the last amino acid in a polypeptide chain. (T/F) 12. The genetic code is redundant, meaning that most amino acids are specified by more than one codon. (T/F) ...
... 11. During translation, stop codons code for the amino acid tyrosine which is always the last amino acid in a polypeptide chain. (T/F) 12. The genetic code is redundant, meaning that most amino acids are specified by more than one codon. (T/F) ...
Energy and Respiration
... energy and it produces more toxic waste products. When Oxygen is not available, anaerobic respiration also occurs in humans. Anaerobic respiration can take place during vigorous exercise, building up lactic acid in muscle tissue. This results in muscle pain and cramping. The bacteria in milk also pr ...
... energy and it produces more toxic waste products. When Oxygen is not available, anaerobic respiration also occurs in humans. Anaerobic respiration can take place during vigorous exercise, building up lactic acid in muscle tissue. This results in muscle pain and cramping. The bacteria in milk also pr ...
doc 2007 midterm 2
... ____________________________________________________________ Part II 6. From data at the front of the exam calculate H of O(g) and the O=O bond energy. Point out any assumptions involved in the calculations. ...
... ____________________________________________________________ Part II 6. From data at the front of the exam calculate H of O(g) and the O=O bond energy. Point out any assumptions involved in the calculations. ...
Biochemistry II, Test One
... 2. Which of the following statements about ATP and its roles in cells are true? (2 points) A. The ATP molecule is kinetically unstable and is thus consumed within about one minute following its formation in cells. B. ATP provides free energy to a thermodynamically unfavorable reactions by group tran ...
... 2. Which of the following statements about ATP and its roles in cells are true? (2 points) A. The ATP molecule is kinetically unstable and is thus consumed within about one minute following its formation in cells. B. ATP provides free energy to a thermodynamically unfavorable reactions by group tran ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration: harvesting chemical
... It begins catabolism by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. It completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide. Several steps in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are redox re ...
... It begins catabolism by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. It completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide. Several steps in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are redox re ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.