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Cellular Respiration
Item
Automobile
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Activities that
the item does
Energy
Source
How
Energy Is
Released?
Cellular Respiration
Objectives:
1. Explain how ATP provides energy for life.
2. Define cellular respiration.
3. Explain the process of glycolysis.
4. Contrast the processes of fermentation in yeast and
bacteria.
5. Describe the structure of the mitochondria and relate
the structure to its function.
6. Explain why aerobic respiration is so much more
efficient than anaerobic respiration.
7. Relate respiration and photosynthesis to the carbonoxygen cycle.
Cellular Respiration
• Energy from comes from food!!
• Cellular Respiration is a metabolic
process like burning fuel
– Burning energy yields some heat, but much of the
energy in food we use to make ATP
– This ATP provides cells with the energy they need
to carry out the activities of life.
* Cellular respiration occurs in all cells 24 hours a
day.
ATP
• Most of the energy
from cell respiration
is converted into
ATP
• ATP is a substance
that powers most
cell activities.
Storage of energy as ATP
H2O + ATP
ADP + P + ENERGY!!!!!!!!
ATP synthase
Adenosine Triphosphate
Cellular Respiration
• Is a series of reactions
where fats, proteins,
and carbohydrates,
mostly glucose, are
broken down to make
CO2, water, and energy.
• A single glucose
molecule can be divided
into 36 smaller energy
packets yielding 36 ATP
molecules.
Cellular Respiration
• When ATP is
hydrolyzed, energy is
released. This energy
can be used to help the
organism maintain
homeostasis.
• The energy released
from ATP breakdown is
used to obtain,
transform, transport,
materials, and excrete
wastes.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Energy
•The Stages of Cellular Respiration Cellular
respiration has two stages.
•Glycolysis The first stage of cellular respiration is
called glycolysis.
•Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration The second
stage of cellular respiration is either aerobic respiration
(in the presence of oxygen) or anaerobic respiration (in
the absence of oxygen). A large amount of ATP is made
during aerobic respiration. NAD+ is recycled during
the anaerobic process of fermentation.
Cellular Respiration
Stage One: Breakdown of Glucose
•Some cells lack the
enzymes necessary for
aerobic respiration and
other cells revert to
anaerobic respiration when
oxygen is lacking.
•Enzymes necessary for
anaerobic respiration are
located in the cytoplasm.
•The first step of any
respiration is: GlycolysisGlucose is broken down to
pyruvate during, making
some ATP.
Cellular Respiration
Fermentation in the Absence of Oxygen
•Fermentation When oxygen is not present, fermentation follows
glycolysis, regenerating NAD+ needed for glycolysis to continue.
•Lactic Acid Fermentation In lactic acid fermentation, bacteria and
other animals covert pyruvate to lactic acid. Makes things SOUR!
•Alcohol fermentation- Yeasts convert pyruvate to alcohol and CO2
Anaerobic Respiration
• Bacteria ferment foods yielding acids and are
useful to humans because they give us different
cheeses, sour cream, sauerkraut, pickles vinegar
and all that nice sour stuff we eat. They also
ferment food in our refrigerators and are the
culprit of rotten spoiled food!
Glucose
Acids +2ATP
• Yeasts ferment foods yielding CO2 and alcohol
and are used in baking and brewing industries.
Glucose
Alcohol + CO2 + 2ATP
Aerobic Respiration
uses Mitochondria
• The matrix where 3carbon pieces that
came from
carbohydrates are
broken down to (CO2
and water)
• The cristae is where
ATP is made. (Highly
folded to increase surface area
for enzyme action)
• Enzyme controlled reactions gradually
breakdown glucose
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Glucose + oxygen
6CO2 + 6 H2O + 36ATP
carbon dioxide + water + 36 ATP
Aerobic Respiration is much more efficient than
anaerobic respiration which leaves much stored
energy in the acid or alcohol molecules.
Cellular Respiration
Stage Two: Production of ATP
•Krebs Cycle The Krebs
cycle is a series of
reactions that produce
energy-storing molecules
during aerobic respiration.
•Electron Transport
Chain During aerobic
respiration, large amounts
of ATP are made in an
electron transport chain.
Review
• When oxygen is present most the ATP
made in cellular respiration is produced
by:
A. aerobic respiration
B. Glycolysis
C. alcoholic fermentation
D. Lactic acid fermentation.