Key - Photosynthesis and Respiration Overview
... Produces long-term energy storage molecule - Glucose Passes ADP (product of stripping energy from ATP) and NADP+ (product of stripping energy from NADPH) back to Light Reaction ...
... Produces long-term energy storage molecule - Glucose Passes ADP (product of stripping energy from ATP) and NADP+ (product of stripping energy from NADPH) back to Light Reaction ...
Mitochondrial Inputs - School of Applied Physiology
... – Phosphoenyl pyruvate carboxykinase • Swap carboxyl group for phosphate • Generates 3-C phosphoenolpyruvate from OA ...
... – Phosphoenyl pyruvate carboxykinase • Swap carboxyl group for phosphate • Generates 3-C phosphoenolpyruvate from OA ...
9-1 and 9-3 PowerPoint Notes
... Fermentation is a process by which energy can be released from food molecules in the ___________ of ___________. Fermentation occurs in the ___________of cells. Alcoholic Fermentation __________ and a few other microorganisms use alcoholic fermentation that produces ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. ...
... Fermentation is a process by which energy can be released from food molecules in the ___________ of ___________. Fermentation occurs in the ___________of cells. Alcoholic Fermentation __________ and a few other microorganisms use alcoholic fermentation that produces ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. ...
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... Cellular Respiration • Cells consume oxygen (O2) and produce carbon dioxide ...
... Cellular Respiration • Cells consume oxygen (O2) and produce carbon dioxide ...
Sheldon Biology Semester I Review Sheet
... Primary- polypeptide between the amino group and carboxyl group of two separate amino acids Secondary-alpha helix and beta-pleated sheets—uses H bonds between the C=O and N-H Tertiary- “R” groups: Ionic bonds, sulfur bridges, hydrophobic reactions, hydrogen bonds. Quaternary- same as tertiary, but u ...
... Primary- polypeptide between the amino group and carboxyl group of two separate amino acids Secondary-alpha helix and beta-pleated sheets—uses H bonds between the C=O and N-H Tertiary- “R” groups: Ionic bonds, sulfur bridges, hydrophobic reactions, hydrogen bonds. Quaternary- same as tertiary, but u ...
Cellular Respiration - Kawameeh Middle School
... Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis • Notice that the cellular respiration equation is the breakdown of those molecules made through photosynthesis and that it also uses the waste products of photosynthesis. • Notice that photosynthesis uses those products made by cellular respiration. • This i ...
... Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis • Notice that the cellular respiration equation is the breakdown of those molecules made through photosynthesis and that it also uses the waste products of photosynthesis. • Notice that photosynthesis uses those products made by cellular respiration. • This i ...
Ch_9 - Bartlett High School
... - Substrate-level phosphorylation – ATP produced from the transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP ...
... - Substrate-level phosphorylation – ATP produced from the transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP ...
userfiles/153/my files/09_lecture_presentation 2015?id=1069
... consumes compounds other than O2 Cellular respiration includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration – Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace aerobic cellular ...
... consumes compounds other than O2 Cellular respiration includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration – Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace aerobic cellular ...
Enzymes
... Most enzymes need another non-protein cofactor to be present. A cofactor can be an inorganic ion, a prosthetic group or a coenzyme. Inorganic ions are known as enzyme activators, and a good example is shown by the increased activity of salivary amylase in the presence of chloride ions. A prosthetic ...
... Most enzymes need another non-protein cofactor to be present. A cofactor can be an inorganic ion, a prosthetic group or a coenzyme. Inorganic ions are known as enzyme activators, and a good example is shown by the increased activity of salivary amylase in the presence of chloride ions. A prosthetic ...
PDF 2/page
... tabulated, like ΔG' º values for other reactions. The E' º value is for a half reaction under standard conditions (all components at 1 M except H+ and H2O). The units of E' º is volts (V). The tabulated reduction potentials are for the reduction reaction: Oxidized form + electrons → Reduced form ...
... tabulated, like ΔG' º values for other reactions. The E' º value is for a half reaction under standard conditions (all components at 1 M except H+ and H2O). The units of E' º is volts (V). The tabulated reduction potentials are for the reduction reaction: Oxidized form + electrons → Reduced form ...
Lecture 15 (Parker) - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... The citric acid cycle itself does not generate a large amount of ATP, instead it removes electrons from Acetyl CoA forming NADH and FADH2. These electron carriers yield nine ATP molecules when oxidized by oxidative phosphorylation. Electrons released in the re-oxidation of NADH and FADH2 flow throu ...
... The citric acid cycle itself does not generate a large amount of ATP, instead it removes electrons from Acetyl CoA forming NADH and FADH2. These electron carriers yield nine ATP molecules when oxidized by oxidative phosphorylation. Electrons released in the re-oxidation of NADH and FADH2 flow throu ...
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE “AEROBIC PHASE OF
... mechanism of energy conservation across biological membranes (Nicholls and Ferguson 2002). According to the chemiosmotic theory, the orientation of electron carriers within the mitochondrial inner membrane allows for the transfer of protons (H+ ) across the inner membrane during electron flow. Numer ...
... mechanism of energy conservation across biological membranes (Nicholls and Ferguson 2002). According to the chemiosmotic theory, the orientation of electron carriers within the mitochondrial inner membrane allows for the transfer of protons (H+ ) across the inner membrane during electron flow. Numer ...
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy In eukaryotes, cellular respiration
... molecules of acetyl CoA for each initial glucose. Thus, after two turns of the citric acid cycle, the overall yield per glucose molecule is – 2 ATP, – 6 NADH, and – 2 FADH2. ...
... molecules of acetyl CoA for each initial glucose. Thus, after two turns of the citric acid cycle, the overall yield per glucose molecule is – 2 ATP, – 6 NADH, and – 2 FADH2. ...
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
... Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA by oxidative decarboxylation. This is an irreversible reaction, catalysed by a multi enzyme complex, known as pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH), which is found only in the mitochondria. The enzyme PDH requires five cofactors (coenzymes), namely1. ...
... Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA by oxidative decarboxylation. This is an irreversible reaction, catalysed by a multi enzyme complex, known as pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH), which is found only in the mitochondria. The enzyme PDH requires five cofactors (coenzymes), namely1. ...
Micro 260 Fall 2009 Name: ___ Allan Keys ____ Tools: You may
... Substrate-level phosphorylation is a type of chemical reaction that results in the formation and creation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by the direct transfer and donation of a phosphoryl (PO 3) group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or guanosine diphosphate (GDP) fro ...
... Substrate-level phosphorylation is a type of chemical reaction that results in the formation and creation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by the direct transfer and donation of a phosphoryl (PO 3) group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or guanosine diphosphate (GDP) fro ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
... 1. Fats must be emulsified before enzymes can digest them. 2. Fats are insoluble in the blood and must be carried in the blood as protein complexes. ...
... 1. Fats must be emulsified before enzymes can digest them. 2. Fats are insoluble in the blood and must be carried in the blood as protein complexes. ...
Advances around technologies investigating mitochondrial function
... enzymes and the electron transfer chain (ETC) enzymes, which transduce energy substrates into a usable form of energy, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and heat. Mitochondrion literally burns glucose, fatty acids and amino acids into CO2 and water, consuming oxygen. Free energy in those molecules is rel ...
... enzymes and the electron transfer chain (ETC) enzymes, which transduce energy substrates into a usable form of energy, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and heat. Mitochondrion literally burns glucose, fatty acids and amino acids into CO2 and water, consuming oxygen. Free energy in those molecules is rel ...
Document
... Protection of drinking water from pathogens and taste and odors Bioremediation of contaminated groundwater, soil, and air Biological corrosion of structures Fresh and marine ecosystem productivity ...
... Protection of drinking water from pathogens and taste and odors Bioremediation of contaminated groundwater, soil, and air Biological corrosion of structures Fresh and marine ecosystem productivity ...
PHY3072 - MUSCLE AND EXERCISE LECTURE 2: Introduction to
... - Outline sources of metabolic substrates (fuels), describe when they are used - Relationship between oxidative metabolism of fuels and exercise duration/intensity - Discuss how the RER is calculated and what it means - Describe the role of enzymes in metabolic reactions High energy phosphate bonds: ...
... - Outline sources of metabolic substrates (fuels), describe when they are used - Relationship between oxidative metabolism of fuels and exercise duration/intensity - Discuss how the RER is calculated and what it means - Describe the role of enzymes in metabolic reactions High energy phosphate bonds: ...
View/Open - Oregon State University
... direction of the reaction is towards producing ethanol. Animals also have an alcohol dehydrogenase, but they use it for the reverse direction to break down ethanol. The product of the reverse reaction is acetaldehyde and may be responsible for hangovers. 9. Glycolysis is regulated by three enzymes - ...
... direction of the reaction is towards producing ethanol. Animals also have an alcohol dehydrogenase, but they use it for the reverse direction to break down ethanol. The product of the reverse reaction is acetaldehyde and may be responsible for hangovers. 9. Glycolysis is regulated by three enzymes - ...
ATP is an
... Feed-forward activation • Metabolite early in the pathway activates an enzyme further down the pathway ...
... Feed-forward activation • Metabolite early in the pathway activates an enzyme further down the pathway ...
Chemical Energy Production
... • Glucose can enter liver cells without insulin • Promotes conversion of glucose to glycogen (storage form of carbohydrates) • Promotes conversion of fatty acids and amino acids to fat ...
... • Glucose can enter liver cells without insulin • Promotes conversion of glucose to glycogen (storage form of carbohydrates) • Promotes conversion of fatty acids and amino acids to fat ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.