Lecture 3 - Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
... The brain has a strong preference for glucose, while the red blood cells have and absolute requirement for glucose. The brain needs 120 g of glucose/day The liver has about a 190 g store of glucose as glycogen. (About a 1 day’s supply) Glucose can be synthesized in the liver from pyruvate, glycerol ...
... The brain has a strong preference for glucose, while the red blood cells have and absolute requirement for glucose. The brain needs 120 g of glucose/day The liver has about a 190 g store of glucose as glycogen. (About a 1 day’s supply) Glucose can be synthesized in the liver from pyruvate, glycerol ...
link to lesson 4 , directions of reactions
... secondary, tertiary, and sometimes quaternary shape) and interactions with the substrate. ...
... secondary, tertiary, and sometimes quaternary shape) and interactions with the substrate. ...
CHEM 527 Final exam, Fall 2006 NAME
... Questions may have more data than needed to tackle the problem. ...
... Questions may have more data than needed to tackle the problem. ...
Biochemistry Metabolic pathways - Limes-Institut-Bonn
... polysaccharides and lipids are broken down into their component building blocks. Stage 2: The building blocks are degraded into the common product, generally the acetyl groups of acetyl-CoA. ...
... polysaccharides and lipids are broken down into their component building blocks. Stage 2: The building blocks are degraded into the common product, generally the acetyl groups of acetyl-CoA. ...
3.7 Energy-Rich Compounds
... pathway. In fermentation, ATP is synthesized by substrate-level phosphorylation. In this process, ATP is synthesized directly from energy-rich intermediates during steps in the catabolism of the fermentable substrate (Figure 3.13a). This is in contrast to oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs in r ...
... pathway. In fermentation, ATP is synthesized by substrate-level phosphorylation. In this process, ATP is synthesized directly from energy-rich intermediates during steps in the catabolism of the fermentable substrate (Figure 3.13a). This is in contrast to oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs in r ...
3. Biotechnological Importance of MO - Copy
... Criteria for being important in choice of organism 1. Nutritional characteristics of the organism when grown on a cheap medium 2. Optimum temp of the organism 3. Reaction of the organism with the equipment and suitability for the type of process 4. Stability of the organism and its amenability for ...
... Criteria for being important in choice of organism 1. Nutritional characteristics of the organism when grown on a cheap medium 2. Optimum temp of the organism 3. Reaction of the organism with the equipment and suitability for the type of process 4. Stability of the organism and its amenability for ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY
... • Muscles lack pyruvate dehydrogenase and cannot produce ethanol from pyruvate • Muscle lactate dehydrogenase converts pyruvate to lactate • This reaction regenerates NAD+ for use by glyceraldehyde 3phosphate dehydrogenase in glycolysis • Lactate formed in skeletal muscles during exercise is transpo ...
... • Muscles lack pyruvate dehydrogenase and cannot produce ethanol from pyruvate • Muscle lactate dehydrogenase converts pyruvate to lactate • This reaction regenerates NAD+ for use by glyceraldehyde 3phosphate dehydrogenase in glycolysis • Lactate formed in skeletal muscles during exercise is transpo ...
Regulation of glycolysis ang glycogen metabolism
... Glucagon (produced in the pancreas) is secreted into the bloodstream. In the liver, it accelerates the rate of Glycogenolysis (which increases the concentration of glucose), and inhibits glycogenesis (the synthesis of glycogen). Epinephrine (adrenaline) is released from the adrenal glands when we ne ...
... Glucagon (produced in the pancreas) is secreted into the bloodstream. In the liver, it accelerates the rate of Glycogenolysis (which increases the concentration of glucose), and inhibits glycogenesis (the synthesis of glycogen). Epinephrine (adrenaline) is released from the adrenal glands when we ne ...
Glycolysis
... via Krebs Cycle NADH produced in Glycolysis & Krebs Cycle is reoxidized via the respiratory chain, with production of much additional ATP. ...
... via Krebs Cycle NADH produced in Glycolysis & Krebs Cycle is reoxidized via the respiratory chain, with production of much additional ATP. ...
sample mt exam - Ltcconline.net
... 25. (1 pt). What is the basic difference between endergonic reactions and exergonic reactions? a. exergonic reactions involve the breaking of bonds; endergonic reactions involve the formation of bonds. b. exergonic reactions involve ionic bonds; endergonic reactions involve ...
... 25. (1 pt). What is the basic difference between endergonic reactions and exergonic reactions? a. exergonic reactions involve the breaking of bonds; endergonic reactions involve the formation of bonds. b. exergonic reactions involve ionic bonds; endergonic reactions involve ...
Document
... organisms use this cycle? Know the reaction catalyzed by Rubisco. How is glucose made in the dark reactions of photosynthesis? 5. Be able to describe how a photosynthetic cell makes sugar from air, water, and light. What is the purpose of the ATP and NADPH? How are they made? How are they used in th ...
... organisms use this cycle? Know the reaction catalyzed by Rubisco. How is glucose made in the dark reactions of photosynthesis? 5. Be able to describe how a photosynthetic cell makes sugar from air, water, and light. What is the purpose of the ATP and NADPH? How are they made? How are they used in th ...
ATP
... 4 carbon. Coenzyme goes back to step 2. 4. Citric Acid brokendown: into 5 carbon sugar carbon dioxide and NADH 5. 5 carbon sugar broken down: Into 4 carbon sugar, NADH, ATP and Carbon dioxide. ...
... 4 carbon. Coenzyme goes back to step 2. 4. Citric Acid brokendown: into 5 carbon sugar carbon dioxide and NADH 5. 5 carbon sugar broken down: Into 4 carbon sugar, NADH, ATP and Carbon dioxide. ...
Bio 103 Lecture - Exam #2 - Study Guide - Summ
... Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvic acid • does glycolysis split the glucose molecule • is glycolysis a universal energy-harvesting process of life • in general, what happens in the preparatory phase of glycolysis • in general, what happens in the energy payoff phase ...
... Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvic acid • does glycolysis split the glucose molecule • is glycolysis a universal energy-harvesting process of life • in general, what happens in the preparatory phase of glycolysis • in general, what happens in the energy payoff phase ...
Metabolism - UPM EduTrain Interactive Learning
... 1. Citric acid cycle NADH and FADH2 - energy-rich molecules because each contains a pair of electrons having a high transfer potential = electron motive force 2. The flow of electrons from NADH or FADH2 to O2 through protein complexes located in the mitochondrial inner membrane leads to the pumpin ...
... 1. Citric acid cycle NADH and FADH2 - energy-rich molecules because each contains a pair of electrons having a high transfer potential = electron motive force 2. The flow of electrons from NADH or FADH2 to O2 through protein complexes located in the mitochondrial inner membrane leads to the pumpin ...
Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or
... Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle) It is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids converge, their carbon skeletons being converted to CO2 and H2O. This oxidation provides energy for the pro ...
... Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle) It is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids converge, their carbon skeletons being converted to CO2 and H2O. This oxidation provides energy for the pro ...
Reactions of the citric acid cycle
... Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle) It is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids converge, their carbon skeletons being converted to CO2 and H2O. This oxidation provides energy for the pro ...
... Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle) It is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids converge, their carbon skeletons being converted to CO2 and H2O. This oxidation provides energy for the pro ...
ppt
... 2. One C is broken off (CO2) and NAD accepts energy (NADH) 3. The second C is broken off (CO2) and NAD accepts the energy…at this point the acetyl group has ...
... 2. One C is broken off (CO2) and NAD accepts energy (NADH) 3. The second C is broken off (CO2) and NAD accepts the energy…at this point the acetyl group has ...
10.25-11.3.11 Glycolysis
... such as fats, proteins, carbohydrates? ANS: To generate ATP, the fuel that drives all cellular events ...
... such as fats, proteins, carbohydrates? ANS: To generate ATP, the fuel that drives all cellular events ...
Part 2
... 2. One C is broken off (CO2) and NAD accepts energy (NADH) 3. The second C is broken off (CO2) and NAD accepts the energy…at this point the acetyl group has ...
... 2. One C is broken off (CO2) and NAD accepts energy (NADH) 3. The second C is broken off (CO2) and NAD accepts the energy…at this point the acetyl group has ...
Cancer_JC_presentation_2009
... constitutive signaling through EGFR and PI3K, and it depends on flux through the PPP • Antioxidants can reverse the metabolic defect, independent of glucose uptake, by increasing flux through the PPP • Antioxidants can enhance the transforming activity of oncogenic cells. ...
... constitutive signaling through EGFR and PI3K, and it depends on flux through the PPP • Antioxidants can reverse the metabolic defect, independent of glucose uptake, by increasing flux through the PPP • Antioxidants can enhance the transforming activity of oncogenic cells. ...
Unit 4 Notes - heckgrammar.co.uk
... 5. GP is converted in a series of steps to form the 3-carbon compound pyruvate. Another ATP is made during this process. Pyruvate marks the end of glycolysis, the first stage of respiration. Pyruvate can also be turned back into glucose by reversing glycolysis, and this is called gluconeogenesis. 6. ...
... 5. GP is converted in a series of steps to form the 3-carbon compound pyruvate. Another ATP is made during this process. Pyruvate marks the end of glycolysis, the first stage of respiration. Pyruvate can also be turned back into glucose by reversing glycolysis, and this is called gluconeogenesis. 6. ...
7.014 Quiz I Handout
... h) False. Glucose and its derivatives are oxidized by NAD+ and FAD. The resulting NADH and FADH 2 carry electron to O 2 via the electron transport chain, producing H 2O. Part 2 a) Pyruvate is a very versatile molecule. Give three pathways for pyruvate. For each pathway list the end product and wheth ...
... h) False. Glucose and its derivatives are oxidized by NAD+ and FAD. The resulting NADH and FADH 2 carry electron to O 2 via the electron transport chain, producing H 2O. Part 2 a) Pyruvate is a very versatile molecule. Give three pathways for pyruvate. For each pathway list the end product and wheth ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.