LESSON 2.2 WORKBOOK Metabolism: Glucose is the
... cell in the body conducts glycolysis, a process used to convert glucose to acetyl CoA, and almost every cell can then use the acetyl CoA in the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain to make more ATP. Additionally, only particular organs can use fatty acids or amino acids to produce ATP, ...
... cell in the body conducts glycolysis, a process used to convert glucose to acetyl CoA, and almost every cell can then use the acetyl CoA in the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain to make more ATP. Additionally, only particular organs can use fatty acids or amino acids to produce ATP, ...
Energy metabolism
... Remember the acetyl coenzyme A, and ketone bodies (both largely produced froM fat catabolism) can be utilized only in aerobic condition. Muscle is capable of anaerobic catabolism of glucose generating a quick flux of energy by glycolysis and lactic fermentation. Lactate generated by homolactic ferme ...
... Remember the acetyl coenzyme A, and ketone bodies (both largely produced froM fat catabolism) can be utilized only in aerobic condition. Muscle is capable of anaerobic catabolism of glucose generating a quick flux of energy by glycolysis and lactic fermentation. Lactate generated by homolactic ferme ...
SI Worksheet 10 1. What does coupling reactions mean? The
... 14. Another word for a non-protein organic molecule is ______________. What is an example of one? Coenzymes, NAD+) “nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide”, they help enzymes do their thing 15. What is an important example of a cofactor in the body? Mg 2+, most of the cofactors are metal ions that are i ...
... 14. Another word for a non-protein organic molecule is ______________. What is an example of one? Coenzymes, NAD+) “nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide”, they help enzymes do their thing 15. What is an important example of a cofactor in the body? Mg 2+, most of the cofactors are metal ions that are i ...
Block 1 Unit #3
... 15. how many net moles of ATP are produced from a) the anaerobic glycolysis of 1 mole of glucose and b) the complete oxidation of 1 mole of glucose via aerobic glycolysis? a. 2 ATP b. 30 or 32 16. How many net moles of NADH+H+ are produced in the pathway from glycose to pyruvate / lactate in a) the ...
... 15. how many net moles of ATP are produced from a) the anaerobic glycolysis of 1 mole of glucose and b) the complete oxidation of 1 mole of glucose via aerobic glycolysis? a. 2 ATP b. 30 or 32 16. How many net moles of NADH+H+ are produced in the pathway from glycose to pyruvate / lactate in a) the ...
Unit 2 Review 161
... substrate has lost electrons and is therefore oxidized. 3. At the end of cellular respiration, glucose has been oxidized to carbon dioxide and water and ATP molecules have been produced. 2. In metabolic pathways, most oxidations involve the coenzyme NAD+ the molecule accepts two electrons but only o ...
... substrate has lost electrons and is therefore oxidized. 3. At the end of cellular respiration, glucose has been oxidized to carbon dioxide and water and ATP molecules have been produced. 2. In metabolic pathways, most oxidations involve the coenzyme NAD+ the molecule accepts two electrons but only o ...
NOTES: Ch 9, part 4
... The Versatility of Catabolism ● Catabolic pathways funnel electrons from many kinds of organic molecules into cellular respiration ● Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates ● Proteins must be digested to amino acids; amino groups can feed glycolysis or the Krebs cycle ● Fats are digested t ...
... The Versatility of Catabolism ● Catabolic pathways funnel electrons from many kinds of organic molecules into cellular respiration ● Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates ● Proteins must be digested to amino acids; amino groups can feed glycolysis or the Krebs cycle ● Fats are digested t ...
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL
... oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons. ° Each component of the chain becomes reduced when it accepts electrons from its “uphill” neighbor, which is less electronegative. ° It then returns to its oxidized form as it passes electrons to its more electronegative ...
... oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons. ° Each component of the chain becomes reduced when it accepts electrons from its “uphill” neighbor, which is less electronegative. ° It then returns to its oxidized form as it passes electrons to its more electronegative ...
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL
... oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons. Each component of the chain becomes reduced when it accepts electrons from its “uphill” neighbor, which is less electronegative. It then returns to its oxidized form as it passes electrons to its more electronegative ...
... oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons. Each component of the chain becomes reduced when it accepts electrons from its “uphill” neighbor, which is less electronegative. It then returns to its oxidized form as it passes electrons to its more electronegative ...
February 5 AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science
... ▪ Breaks down complex molecules into smaller ones Exergonic ▪ Releases energy that can be used to do work (such as build ATP from ADP and Pi) ...
... ▪ Breaks down complex molecules into smaller ones Exergonic ▪ Releases energy that can be used to do work (such as build ATP from ADP and Pi) ...
Cellular Respiration & Fermentation
... • Electrons from NADH and FADH2 – Travel down the electron transport chain to oxygen, which picks up H+ to form water • Energy released by the redox reactions ...
... • Electrons from NADH and FADH2 – Travel down the electron transport chain to oxygen, which picks up H+ to form water • Energy released by the redox reactions ...
Cellular respiration 2
... (LONGER term energy) After glycogen stores are used up the body begins to FAT break down ________ That’s why aerobic exercise must continue for longer than 20 minutes if you want to lose weight! Image from: http://blackmovie.us/movie/Fat.Albert/fat.albert.movie.jpg ...
... (LONGER term energy) After glycogen stores are used up the body begins to FAT break down ________ That’s why aerobic exercise must continue for longer than 20 minutes if you want to lose weight! Image from: http://blackmovie.us/movie/Fat.Albert/fat.albert.movie.jpg ...
Anaerobic Pathways Lesson Plan
... enables intense exercises and does not cause acidosis because it is deprotonated o lactate thought to be the cause of muscle stiffness and soreness, but lactate levels in muscles return to normal within an hour after exercise o Reducing pyruvate to lactate consumes a proton (counters acidosis) o Aci ...
... enables intense exercises and does not cause acidosis because it is deprotonated o lactate thought to be the cause of muscle stiffness and soreness, but lactate levels in muscles return to normal within an hour after exercise o Reducing pyruvate to lactate consumes a proton (counters acidosis) o Aci ...
ATP Synthesis
... - ETC in turn couples the free energy of incoming electrons with the transfer of protons (H+) across the IMM culminating with the reduction of O2 to H2O via a series of redox reactions— the electrochemical energy stored in the resulting proton gradient across the IMM is then utilized to synthesize A ...
... - ETC in turn couples the free energy of incoming electrons with the transfer of protons (H+) across the IMM culminating with the reduction of O2 to H2O via a series of redox reactions— the electrochemical energy stored in the resulting proton gradient across the IMM is then utilized to synthesize A ...
How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... – Travel down the electron transport chain to oxygen, which picks up H+ to form water • Energy released by the redox reactions – Is used to pump H+ into the space between the mitochondrial membranes Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... – Travel down the electron transport chain to oxygen, which picks up H+ to form water • Energy released by the redox reactions – Is used to pump H+ into the space between the mitochondrial membranes Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
bio chapter 9
... One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, which are charged particles. Energy is required to bond the phosphate groups onto the same molecule because they behave the same way that the poles of magnets do and repel groups with like charges. When the ATP molecule is broken down, the chemic ...
... One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, which are charged particles. Energy is required to bond the phosphate groups onto the same molecule because they behave the same way that the poles of magnets do and repel groups with like charges. When the ATP molecule is broken down, the chemic ...
031607
... inorganic catalysts, for example – Participate in reactions, but no net change – Lower the activation energy – Do not change equilibrium (get there faster) ...
... inorganic catalysts, for example – Participate in reactions, but no net change – Lower the activation energy – Do not change equilibrium (get there faster) ...
Biological Molecules
... In this way, ATP is often called the energy currency of a cell (because cells make and “spend” ATP) FAT------------GLYCOGEN ------- GLUCOSE -------- ATP Saving bonds -------- Bank Account -------- Piggy Bank -------- Pocket cash ATP <------> ADP + P + Energy (7 Kcal per mole) ...
... In this way, ATP is often called the energy currency of a cell (because cells make and “spend” ATP) FAT------------GLYCOGEN ------- GLUCOSE -------- ATP Saving bonds -------- Bank Account -------- Piggy Bank -------- Pocket cash ATP <------> ADP + P + Energy (7 Kcal per mole) ...
The role of ATP in metabolism
... metabolic role of ATP is that the nucleoside triphosphate acts as the 'energy store' or as the 'energy currency' of the cell. The following passages from the book by Darnell, Lodish and Baltimore I are typical: Cells extract energy from foods through a series of reactions that have negative free ene ...
... metabolic role of ATP is that the nucleoside triphosphate acts as the 'energy store' or as the 'energy currency' of the cell. The following passages from the book by Darnell, Lodish and Baltimore I are typical: Cells extract energy from foods through a series of reactions that have negative free ene ...
Lecture 6
... – Describe energy-releasing and energyrequiring reactions. – Use the creation and use of ATP for cellular work as examples of these reactions. – Be sure to use the word “entropy.” ...
... – Describe energy-releasing and energyrequiring reactions. – Use the creation and use of ATP for cellular work as examples of these reactions. – Be sure to use the word “entropy.” ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration: harvesting chemical
... molecule to molecule until they combine with molecular oxygen and hydrogen ions to form water. As they are passed along the chain, the energy carried by these electrons is transformed in the mitochondrion into a form that can be used to synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. The inner mem ...
... molecule to molecule until they combine with molecular oxygen and hydrogen ions to form water. As they are passed along the chain, the energy carried by these electrons is transformed in the mitochondrion into a form that can be used to synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. The inner mem ...
electron transport
... • But ATP out and ADP in is net movement of a negative charge out - equivalent to a H+ going in • So every ATP transported out costs one H+ • One ATP synthesis costs about 3 H+ • Thus, making and exporting 1 ATP = 4H+ ...
... • But ATP out and ADP in is net movement of a negative charge out - equivalent to a H+ going in • So every ATP transported out costs one H+ • One ATP synthesis costs about 3 H+ • Thus, making and exporting 1 ATP = 4H+ ...
1495/Chapter 03
... through a special protein complex is called chemiosmosis.) Figure 3.10 shows how electron transfer moves H+ ions. Recall that during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, ATP molecules are produced through substratelevel phosphorylation. In this process, the ADP molecule is phosphorylated. A phosphate gr ...
... through a special protein complex is called chemiosmosis.) Figure 3.10 shows how electron transfer moves H+ ions. Recall that during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, ATP molecules are produced through substratelevel phosphorylation. In this process, the ADP molecule is phosphorylated. A phosphate gr ...
Document
... of legumes (peas, alfalfa, soybeans. . .) have enzymes to change N2 gas into ammonia in soil. Other soil bacteria can change ammonia into nitrates/nitrites. 2. How do humans get the nitrogen they need? Plants can take up these forms of nitrogen and use it to make their molecules (see below). Heterot ...
... of legumes (peas, alfalfa, soybeans. . .) have enzymes to change N2 gas into ammonia in soil. Other soil bacteria can change ammonia into nitrates/nitrites. 2. How do humans get the nitrogen they need? Plants can take up these forms of nitrogen and use it to make their molecules (see below). Heterot ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.