Fall Semester Review - mychandlerschools.org
... reach the tip of coleoptile. Therefore, they concluded that only the tip senses light. Boysen-Jensen observed that a phototropic response occurred if the tip was separated by a permeable barrier (gelatin) but not if separated by an impermeable solid barrier (a mineral called mica). These results sug ...
... reach the tip of coleoptile. Therefore, they concluded that only the tip senses light. Boysen-Jensen observed that a phototropic response occurred if the tip was separated by a permeable barrier (gelatin) but not if separated by an impermeable solid barrier (a mineral called mica). These results sug ...
Chapter 9
... During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis • Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, NADH and FADH2 account for most of the energy extracted from food • These two electron carriers donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ...
... During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis • Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, NADH and FADH2 account for most of the energy extracted from food • These two electron carriers donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ...
cellular respiration study guide
... 3. Why is being “reduced” equivalent to having a greater potential energy? ...
... 3. Why is being “reduced” equivalent to having a greater potential energy? ...
Ch 8-10 Review Topics - Wahconah Science Department
... How are these processes used in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis? Stages of Cellular Respiration: Know where each stage occurs, what the reactants and products are for each. 1. Glycolysis You need to be able to 2. Pyruvate Oxidation and the Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb’s Cycle) identify the ...
... How are these processes used in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis? Stages of Cellular Respiration: Know where each stage occurs, what the reactants and products are for each. 1. Glycolysis You need to be able to 2. Pyruvate Oxidation and the Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb’s Cycle) identify the ...
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... In glycolysis, a single molecule of glucose is enzymatically cut in half through a series of steps to produce two molecules of pyruvate – In the process, two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to two molecules of NADH – At the same time, two molecules of ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylat ...
... In glycolysis, a single molecule of glucose is enzymatically cut in half through a series of steps to produce two molecules of pyruvate – In the process, two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to two molecules of NADH – At the same time, two molecules of ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylat ...
Micro Lab Unit 1 Flashcards
... 37) Is glycolysis anaerobic (requires no oxygen) or aerobic (requires oxygen)? 38) The fate of two pyruvic acids is dependent on the presence of what? 39) If oxygen is not present, during glycolysis the two pyruvic acids will remain in cytosol and undergo the anaerobic process called what? 40) If ox ...
... 37) Is glycolysis anaerobic (requires no oxygen) or aerobic (requires oxygen)? 38) The fate of two pyruvic acids is dependent on the presence of what? 39) If oxygen is not present, during glycolysis the two pyruvic acids will remain in cytosol and undergo the anaerobic process called what? 40) If ox ...
Ch 9 Cellular respiration
... Anabolic pathways that are used by organisms are related to glycolysis and citric acid cycle some intermediates of glycolysis and citric acid cycle can be used to synthesize other compounds can make amino acids using compounds from citric acid cycle glucose made from pyruvate fatty acids mad ...
... Anabolic pathways that are used by organisms are related to glycolysis and citric acid cycle some intermediates of glycolysis and citric acid cycle can be used to synthesize other compounds can make amino acids using compounds from citric acid cycle glucose made from pyruvate fatty acids mad ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Teacher`s Guide
... The series devotes two programs to the description of glycolysis. This first program on the subject shows that energy (ATP) must first be sacrificed in order to prepare the way for its later extraction. It also indicates the importance of thermodynamic principles in explaining the progress of the re ...
... The series devotes two programs to the description of glycolysis. This first program on the subject shows that energy (ATP) must first be sacrificed in order to prepare the way for its later extraction. It also indicates the importance of thermodynamic principles in explaining the progress of the re ...
BB350 Lecture 36 Highlights
... as a donor of methyl groups. After SAM donates its methyl group, it forms S-Adenylhomocysteine (SAH) that can be readily broken down to homocysteine. Elevated levels of homocysteine in the blood are associated with atherosclerosis. Reduction of homocysteine in the blood is accomplished with suppleme ...
... as a donor of methyl groups. After SAM donates its methyl group, it forms S-Adenylhomocysteine (SAH) that can be readily broken down to homocysteine. Elevated levels of homocysteine in the blood are associated with atherosclerosis. Reduction of homocysteine in the blood is accomplished with suppleme ...
ch 6 notes
... In glycolysis, a single molecule of glucose is enzymatically cut in half through a series of steps to produce two molecules of pyruvate – In the process, two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to two molecules of NADH – At the same time, two molecules of ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylat ...
... In glycolysis, a single molecule of glucose is enzymatically cut in half through a series of steps to produce two molecules of pyruvate – In the process, two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to two molecules of NADH – At the same time, two molecules of ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylat ...
Objectives_Set1
... Identify the enzymes of glycolysis that catalyze steps in which ATP is used or formed, and in which NADH is formed. ...
... Identify the enzymes of glycolysis that catalyze steps in which ATP is used or formed, and in which NADH is formed. ...
Slide 1
... In glycolysis, a single molecule of glucose is enzymatically cut in half through a series of steps to produce two molecules of pyruvate – In the process, two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to two molecules of NADH – At the same time, two molecules of ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylat ...
... In glycolysis, a single molecule of glucose is enzymatically cut in half through a series of steps to produce two molecules of pyruvate – In the process, two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to two molecules of NADH – At the same time, two molecules of ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylat ...
AP Biology
... 2. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent. ...
... 2. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent. ...
24.t Glycolysis
... The enzSrmeuses NAD+ as a cofactor. The NAD+ is reduced to NADH-it receives two electrons and a proton from the aldehyde substrate-in the course of the reaction.The new phosphoryl group of the organic product comes from inorganic phosphate ions present in the cytoplasm, so no ATP is expended here. I ...
... The enzSrmeuses NAD+ as a cofactor. The NAD+ is reduced to NADH-it receives two electrons and a proton from the aldehyde substrate-in the course of the reaction.The new phosphoryl group of the organic product comes from inorganic phosphate ions present in the cytoplasm, so no ATP is expended here. I ...
Questions and answers from course Environmental microbiology on
... However hidden behind the equation is the important step of the ammonia monooxygenase to activate ammonia to hydroxylamine. This need of molecular oxygen is not reflected in the overall stoichiometry. ...
... However hidden behind the equation is the important step of the ammonia monooxygenase to activate ammonia to hydroxylamine. This need of molecular oxygen is not reflected in the overall stoichiometry. ...
October 26 AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science
... ADP to ATP. C) produce reduced coenzymes like NADH. D) transfer hydrogen to the electron transport chain. E) shuttle electrons from NADH to a terminal electron ...
... ADP to ATP. C) produce reduced coenzymes like NADH. D) transfer hydrogen to the electron transport chain. E) shuttle electrons from NADH to a terminal electron ...
Powering the Cell: Cellular Respiration
... concentration of the ions in the intermembrane space than in the matrix. This chemiosmotic gradient causes the ions to flow back across the membrane into the matrix, where their concentration is lower. ATP synthase acts as a channel protein, helping the hydrogen ions cross the membrane. It also acts ...
... concentration of the ions in the intermembrane space than in the matrix. This chemiosmotic gradient causes the ions to flow back across the membrane into the matrix, where their concentration is lower. ATP synthase acts as a channel protein, helping the hydrogen ions cross the membrane. It also acts ...
Ch 26 Notes
... Oxidations remove electrons [stepwise removal of pairs] They are always coupled – the electrons given in the reduction are equal in number to the ones removed in the oxidation. In biologic systems, the most common oxidation process generates 2 H’s plus 2 electrons. These associate with a co-enzyme – ...
... Oxidations remove electrons [stepwise removal of pairs] They are always coupled – the electrons given in the reduction are equal in number to the ones removed in the oxidation. In biologic systems, the most common oxidation process generates 2 H’s plus 2 electrons. These associate with a co-enzyme – ...
Document
... (NH4+) to nitrite (NO2-). – Others “denitrify” nitrite or nitrate (NO3-) to N2, returning N2 gas to the atmosphere. – A diverse group of prokaryotes, including cyanobacteria, ...
... (NH4+) to nitrite (NO2-). – Others “denitrify” nitrite or nitrate (NO3-) to N2, returning N2 gas to the atmosphere. – A diverse group of prokaryotes, including cyanobacteria, ...
Where is the energy transfer?
... mitochondrion. What purpose does it serve? How is a concentration gradient important in the process shown here? What is the significance of the inner membrane being folded? ...
... mitochondrion. What purpose does it serve? How is a concentration gradient important in the process shown here? What is the significance of the inner membrane being folded? ...
REVIEW FOR FINALS TT^TT (TEEHEE)x
... Fatty Acids- Made out of glycerol with fatty tails attached to them. These fatty tails are bonded using ester bonds. This forms a triglyceride because there are three carbon in the glycerol. Phospholipids- Like a fatty acids, except one of the carbons is bonded to a phosphate group instead of a chai ...
... Fatty Acids- Made out of glycerol with fatty tails attached to them. These fatty tails are bonded using ester bonds. This forms a triglyceride because there are three carbon in the glycerol. Phospholipids- Like a fatty acids, except one of the carbons is bonded to a phosphate group instead of a chai ...
Artificial Photosynthesis - The Mars Homestead Project
... increase in the stroma pH, which stimulates the carboxylase, located on the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane. 2. Mg+2, which enters the stroma as H+ ions leave when chloroplasts are illuminated. 3. NADPH, which is generated by photosystem I during illumination. CO2 fixation is a dark reaction ...
... increase in the stroma pH, which stimulates the carboxylase, located on the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane. 2. Mg+2, which enters the stroma as H+ ions leave when chloroplasts are illuminated. 3. NADPH, which is generated by photosystem I during illumination. CO2 fixation is a dark reaction ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY
... change when glucose binds • Conformational change helps prevent hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi (Fig 6.13) • Isozymes - multiple forms of hexokinase occur in mammalian tissues and yeast • Hexokinases I, II, III are active at normal glucose concentrations (Km values ~10-6 to 10-4M) • Hexokinase IV (G ...
... change when glucose binds • Conformational change helps prevent hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi (Fig 6.13) • Isozymes - multiple forms of hexokinase occur in mammalian tissues and yeast • Hexokinases I, II, III are active at normal glucose concentrations (Km values ~10-6 to 10-4M) • Hexokinase IV (G ...
Metabolism - Websupport1
... molecules e.g. Pyruvic Acid, acetyl coenzyme A Large organic nutrients (e.g. Glucose) are broken down into smaller fragments (e.g. Pyruvic Acid) in the cytoplasm, before they could enter mitochondria ...
... molecules e.g. Pyruvic Acid, acetyl coenzyme A Large organic nutrients (e.g. Glucose) are broken down into smaller fragments (e.g. Pyruvic Acid) in the cytoplasm, before they could enter mitochondria ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.