exam2review_s09.cwk (WP)
... committed step of glycolysis. This step is catalyzed by phosphofructokinase, an enzyme that can be regulated allosterically by many molecules (two of which are ADP and phosphoenolpyruvate). Why is this regulation important? Revisit homework questions 4 in homework set 5** 3. In step 4, the 6-carbon ...
... committed step of glycolysis. This step is catalyzed by phosphofructokinase, an enzyme that can be regulated allosterically by many molecules (two of which are ADP and phosphoenolpyruvate). Why is this regulation important? Revisit homework questions 4 in homework set 5** 3. In step 4, the 6-carbon ...
Document
... b. Tyrosine is converted to the citric acid cycle intermediate fumarate. The remaining reactions of the citric acid cycle from fumarate to oxaloacetate produce one NADH, which provides 2.5 ATP. c. Tryptophan is converted to the citric acid cycle intermediate acetyl CoA. The reactions in the citric a ...
... b. Tyrosine is converted to the citric acid cycle intermediate fumarate. The remaining reactions of the citric acid cycle from fumarate to oxaloacetate produce one NADH, which provides 2.5 ATP. c. Tryptophan is converted to the citric acid cycle intermediate acetyl CoA. The reactions in the citric a ...
Cellular Respiration
... 1. Have you ever stopped to think about how the foods you consume on a daily basis are broken down to produce energy? Not only do you eat food on a regular basis, but you usually drink some type of water-based beverage with your meal & you breathe in oxygen too. 2. All cells must do work to stay ali ...
... 1. Have you ever stopped to think about how the foods you consume on a daily basis are broken down to produce energy? Not only do you eat food on a regular basis, but you usually drink some type of water-based beverage with your meal & you breathe in oxygen too. 2. All cells must do work to stay ali ...
NADH - Mrs. Yu`s Science Classes
... Cellular Respiration • Cellular Respiration is a cellular process that breaks down nutrient molecules with the concomitant production of ATP • Hmm…sounds like a difficult definition, but the main point of Respiration is: - To generation energy from carbon in the form of ATP - Aerobic respiration ...
... Cellular Respiration • Cellular Respiration is a cellular process that breaks down nutrient molecules with the concomitant production of ATP • Hmm…sounds like a difficult definition, but the main point of Respiration is: - To generation energy from carbon in the form of ATP - Aerobic respiration ...
Chapter 9
... • A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation (~10%) • For each molecule of glucose degraded to CO2 and water by respiration, the cell makes obtains ~ 32 molecules of ATP Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin ...
... • A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation (~10%) • For each molecule of glucose degraded to CO2 and water by respiration, the cell makes obtains ~ 32 molecules of ATP Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin ...
the lecture in Powerpoint Format
... ATP is formed in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation during which – an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP and – ATP is formed. ...
... ATP is formed in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation during which – an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP and – ATP is formed. ...
Information Sheet
... Fermentation is a process that is important in anaerobic conditions when there is no oxidative phosphorylation to maintain the production of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). Homolactic fermentation is the production of lactic acid from pyruvate; alcoholic fermentation is the conversion of pyruvate into ...
... Fermentation is a process that is important in anaerobic conditions when there is no oxidative phosphorylation to maintain the production of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). Homolactic fermentation is the production of lactic acid from pyruvate; alcoholic fermentation is the conversion of pyruvate into ...
active site
... • Metabolism is the total of all chemical reactions in an organism. • Most metabolic reactions require the assistance of enzymes, proteins that speed up chemical reactions. ...
... • Metabolism is the total of all chemical reactions in an organism. • Most metabolic reactions require the assistance of enzymes, proteins that speed up chemical reactions. ...
4 Metabolism and Enzymes
... •C6H12O6 + 6O2 -->6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP) •Glycolysis (6C glucose--> 2 pyruvate + 2NADH +2ATP •Krebs Cycle (2 pyruvate-->6CO2 + 8NADH +2FADH2 + 2ATP •Electron Transport Chain (Cashing in on e-) •FADH2 + NADH + O2 --> lots of ATP + H2O + NAD+ + FAD+ •Terminal aerobic electron acceptor O2--->H2O •A ...
... •C6H12O6 + 6O2 -->6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP) •Glycolysis (6C glucose--> 2 pyruvate + 2NADH +2ATP •Krebs Cycle (2 pyruvate-->6CO2 + 8NADH +2FADH2 + 2ATP •Electron Transport Chain (Cashing in on e-) •FADH2 + NADH + O2 --> lots of ATP + H2O + NAD+ + FAD+ •Terminal aerobic electron acceptor O2--->H2O •A ...
Chapter 7 - Coenzymes
... Coenzymes There are other groups that contribute to the reactivity of enzymes beside amino acid residues. These groups are called cofactors - chemicals required by apoenzymes (inactive) to become holoenzymes (active). There are two types of cofactors: 1) essential ions - metal ions -inorganic 2) coe ...
... Coenzymes There are other groups that contribute to the reactivity of enzymes beside amino acid residues. These groups are called cofactors - chemicals required by apoenzymes (inactive) to become holoenzymes (active). There are two types of cofactors: 1) essential ions - metal ions -inorganic 2) coe ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: AEROBIC HARVESTING OF ENERGY
... – is an important enzyme in oxidizing glucose, – accepts electrons, and – becomes reduced to NADH. ...
... – is an important enzyme in oxidizing glucose, – accepts electrons, and – becomes reduced to NADH. ...
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... ATP is formed in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation during which – an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP and – ATP is formed. ...
... ATP is formed in glycolysis by substrate-level phosphorylation during which – an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP and – ATP is formed. ...
RESPITATION - Barbados SDA Secondary
... is the opposite of photosynthesis. • During photosynthesis, water molecules are first split into hydrogen and oxygen and then the hydrogen atoms are combined with carbon dioxide to form glucose. • The opposite occurs during resporation • hydrogen is split from the glucose molecule and is then united ...
... is the opposite of photosynthesis. • During photosynthesis, water molecules are first split into hydrogen and oxygen and then the hydrogen atoms are combined with carbon dioxide to form glucose. • The opposite occurs during resporation • hydrogen is split from the glucose molecule and is then united ...
RG 6 - Digestion and Respiration
... Electron Transport Chain 13. What are the reactants and products of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation? REACTANTS ...
... Electron Transport Chain 13. What are the reactants and products of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation? REACTANTS ...
Ch 9 Homework Plan - Dublin City Schools
... Read p. 166-167 (from the “Stages of Cellular Respiration”) and take notes Read p. 170-172 (The Citric Acid cycle completes…”) and take notes Understand the following figures: 9.7 - 9.11 Answer the following questions: o Describe the cellular regions where glycolysis, the Citric Acid Cycle, ...
... Read p. 166-167 (from the “Stages of Cellular Respiration”) and take notes Read p. 170-172 (The Citric Acid cycle completes…”) and take notes Understand the following figures: 9.7 - 9.11 Answer the following questions: o Describe the cellular regions where glycolysis, the Citric Acid Cycle, ...
Unit 2 Student Guided Notes Introduction Carbon is the basic
... ___________________________________________________. If a protein's normal shape is destroyed because of such environmental conditions, it is said to be _________________. (It will not work). Without the enzymes normal shape, the enzyme is unable to combine efficiently with its substrate and therefo ...
... ___________________________________________________. If a protein's normal shape is destroyed because of such environmental conditions, it is said to be _________________. (It will not work). Without the enzymes normal shape, the enzyme is unable to combine efficiently with its substrate and therefo ...
video slide - Ethical Culture Fieldston School
... • NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
... • NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
CHAPTER-V BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION
... Electron transport chain An electron transport chain (ETC) couples electron transfer between an electron donor (such as NADH) and an electron acceptor (such as O2) with the transfer of H+ ions (protons) across a membrane. The resulting electrochemical proton gradient is used to generate chemical ene ...
... Electron transport chain An electron transport chain (ETC) couples electron transfer between an electron donor (such as NADH) and an electron acceptor (such as O2) with the transfer of H+ ions (protons) across a membrane. The resulting electrochemical proton gradient is used to generate chemical ene ...
Pyruvate Oxidation
... If ATP levels are high, acetyl-co A will be directed into synthesis of fatty acids for long-term energy storage If ATP is needed, acetyl-co A is directed to the next part of cellular respiration: The Krebs Cycle ...
... If ATP levels are high, acetyl-co A will be directed into synthesis of fatty acids for long-term energy storage If ATP is needed, acetyl-co A is directed to the next part of cellular respiration: The Krebs Cycle ...
video slide
... The Pathway of Electron Transport The electron transport chain is in the cristae of the mitochondrion Most of the chain’s components are proteins The carriers alternate reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons ...
... The Pathway of Electron Transport The electron transport chain is in the cristae of the mitochondrion Most of the chain’s components are proteins The carriers alternate reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons ...
Lecture #11 – 9/28 – Dr. Hirsh
... These plants use oxaloacetate [remember this from the Krebs cycle?] as a C4 acceptor, and uses PEP carboxylase as the fixing enzyme. PEP carboxylase has a higher affinity for CO2; no oxygenase activity. It’s found in sugar cane and crab grass. Note sugar cane is one of the most efficient plants know ...
... These plants use oxaloacetate [remember this from the Krebs cycle?] as a C4 acceptor, and uses PEP carboxylase as the fixing enzyme. PEP carboxylase has a higher affinity for CO2; no oxygenase activity. It’s found in sugar cane and crab grass. Note sugar cane is one of the most efficient plants know ...
Final Review Packet - Mercer Island School District
... 33. Each gene is the information to build one ___________________ . There are two steps in expressing this information. The first is __________________ which results in the production of a _____________ molecule. This first step occurs in the ________________________ . The second step is ___________ ...
... 33. Each gene is the information to build one ___________________ . There are two steps in expressing this information. The first is __________________ which results in the production of a _____________ molecule. This first step occurs in the ________________________ . The second step is ___________ ...
The Calvin Cycle
... the starting molecule at the end of the cycle. It differs in that it is an anabolic process consuming energy to produce a sugar molecule whereas the Citric Acid Cycle is catabolic producing energy as it consumes sugar ...
... the starting molecule at the end of the cycle. It differs in that it is an anabolic process consuming energy to produce a sugar molecule whereas the Citric Acid Cycle is catabolic producing energy as it consumes sugar ...
RespirationWrapUp
... glycerol (3C) G3P glycolysis fatty acids 2C acetyl acetyl Krebs ...
... glycerol (3C) G3P glycolysis fatty acids 2C acetyl acetyl Krebs ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.