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Immunology 5
Immunology 5

... the heavy chains, a similar selection occurs for the V, D and J segments resulting the in the completion of a complete Variable Heavy gene. The complex of enzymes involved in the somatic recombination process is known as VDJ recombinase. The enzymes are responsible for the cleavage and rejoining of ...
Novel `barcode` tracking of T cells in
Novel `barcode` tracking of T cells in

Study Guide 12 - Adaptive Immunity Chpt. 16
Study Guide 12 - Adaptive Immunity Chpt. 16

... 1. Antibodies ‐ two functional regions  a. "arms" of the Y‐shaped molecule  b. "stem" of the Y‐shaped molecule  c. Overview of cellular immunity also known as cell‐mediated immunity  i. Protective response against intracellular antigens (viruses, intracellular bacteria,  cancer cells)  ii. Involves  ...
WBC`s-(L3
WBC`s-(L3

... Suppressor T-cells •Suppress the function of Cytotoxic and helper T cells. •Helper and Suppressor T-cells are called regulatory T-cells. ...
A1984SW52500002
A1984SW52500002

... "In the paper published in immunology in 1970, I showed that the lg+ lymphocytes were B cells whereas the Ig– lymphocytes were T cells. The paper has been widely cited, I suspect, because it was the first direct demonstration that B cells but not T cells have detectable Ig on their surfaces. Since t ...
viruses
viruses

... VIRUSES • Viruses do not have cytoplasm or organelles and thus cannot carry out cell functions such as metabolism • They cannot grow by dividing • To reproduce, viruses must enter a living cell and use that cell’s (the host cell’s) ribosomes, enzymes, ATP (energy), and other molecules to reproduce ...
Review questions for Immune System
Review questions for Immune System

... 9. What is the difference between a T cell and a T lymphocyte? B cell and B lymphocyte? ...
Virus-induced immunosuppression
Virus-induced immunosuppression

... cells (monocytes, T cells, APCs) Tolerance induction Perturbation of immune response thru secreted viral proteins ...
A5336 A Phase Iia, Double-blind, Placebo
A5336 A Phase Iia, Double-blind, Placebo

... with HIV to control the virus. However, researchers have noticed that many patients have high levels of inflammation even when their medicine is controlling their HIV viral load. Inflammation is the body’s response to infection or irritation that can be helpful sometimes but can cause long-term prob ...
Slide 1 - scome911
Slide 1 - scome911

... Also known as the best Antigen Presenting Cells. ...
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... Immature T cells (before activation) form receptors that react with self MHCs & form a self antigen-MHC binding & recognize the MHC T cells that don’t form and recognize this complex under go cell death ...
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...  Destruction of cancer and foreign cells.  Synthesis of antibodies and other immune molecules.  Synthesis of white blood cells. ...
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Immune System notes fill-in

... o Function: Trap and remove pathogens and other foreign materials that adenoids? enter the ___________________________ o Adenoids, like the thymus, shrink with age ...
innate (non-specific) immunity
innate (non-specific) immunity

... Important Cells George Bernard Shaw wrote: “There is at bottom only one genuine treatment for all ...
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Defense against infectious disease

... Define pathogen. Pathogen: an organism or virus that causes a disease. Explain why antibiotics are effective against bacteria but not against viruses. Antibiotics block specific metabolic pathways found in bacteria. Viruses reproduce using the host cell’s metabolic pathways, which are not affected b ...
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... The immune system is unable to protect the body from disease Can be acquired or genetic Without treatment, common infections can be fatal ...
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Lymphatic System

... Usually less than 2.5 cm long Bean shaped FUNCTIONS:  Filters potentially harmful particles ...
View Sample Pages - Plural Publishing
View Sample Pages - Plural Publishing

... with catalase positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus. Although the phagocytes of these patients can ingest the pathogen, they cannot kill it, leading to chronic infection and abscess formation (reviewed in Chapter 15). Lack of NADPH oxidase results in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), c ...
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... suppression of antigen specific proliferation in vitro). Look for monoclonal antibodies that modulate a function (eg. same assay). ...
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... 8. Give an example of how your circulatory system acts as a first-line defense. • Contain white blood cells that patrol body killing pathogens and alerting the immune system • Increase body temperature to slow growth of certain pathogens ...
NOD-Like Receptors
NOD-Like Receptors

... Meylan et al. Nature July 2006 ...
Microbiology ELISA questions
Microbiology ELISA questions

... 4.) T helper cells are the first cells to detect a foreign substance and will alert B cells and an immune response. By destroying T cells, HIV eliminates the body’s ability to mount a counter offense because the T cells cannot alert B cells nor help in the coordinated immune system response. HIV att ...
9.2 Types of Antibodies and Vaccines ppt
9.2 Types of Antibodies and Vaccines ppt

... 1. How are nonspecific defenses different than specific defenses? 2. How does a fever help protect the body from pathogens? 3. Which types of nonspecific defense involves the pathogens being consumed by a human cell? 4. How do antibodies support the body’s immune system? ...
Antibodies, B cell, T cell
Antibodies, B cell, T cell

... together form the unique contours of an antibody’s antigen-binding site. • Multiple noncovalent bonds form between the antigenbinding site and its epitope. ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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