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1. Your body has many ways to defend itself
against disease. What do FIRST – LINE
defenses work against?
Work against harmful substances and all types
of disease-causing organisms.
2. What do SECOND – LINE defenses work
against?
It is a specific response to work against a specific
pathogen / disease that is attacking the body.
3. What is the complex group of defenses that
your body uses to fight disease?
IMMUNE SYSTEM
4. First – Line defenses include what 4 body
systems?
•
•
•
•
Skin (integumentary system)
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Circulatory System
5. Give an example of how your skin acts as a
first-line defense.
• Barrier or protective covering
• Sweat – contain substances that slow grow of
some pathogens
• Oil glands – acidic environment, some
pathogens can’t grow
6. Give an example of how your respiratory
system acts as a first-line defense.
• Hair-like structures called cilia traps pathogens
• Mucus – enzyme the weakens the walls of
some pathogens
• Cough or Sneeze – expel some pathogens
7. Give an example of how your digestive
system acts as a first-line defense.
• All of the following contain things that help
destroy or break down pathogens:
– Saliva
– Enzymes
– Hydrochloric Acid
– Mucus
8. Give an example of how your circulatory
system acts as a first-line defense.
• Contain white blood cells that patrol body
killing pathogens and alerting the immune
system
• Increase body temperature to slow growth of
certain pathogens
9. The SECOND – LINE of defense is also called
“specific immunity”. The second – line of
defense gets activated when the “intruders”
break through the first-line of defense.
The intruders are covered in antigens, white
blood cells activate the immune system to make
antibodies.
10.What is an antibody? What does it do?
Antibody is a protein made in response to a
specific antigen on a pathogen.
Antibodies attach to the antigen on a pathogen
to make it useless.
11.What does a memory B cell do? Why are
they important?
Memory B Cell = have the antibody for a specific
pathogen.
They are important because they stay in the
blood waiting for the next time the pathogen
tries to attack your body.
12.Antibodies help your body build defenses in
two ways. Describe ACTIVE IMMUNITY and
PASSIVE IMMUNITY.
Active immunity = when your body make its own
antibodies in response to an antigen
Passive Immunity = when antibodies are
introduced to your body. We call them
antibiotics! They are produced in another
animal.
13.What disease do you get only once? Why?
Chicken Pox
After getting chicken pox once, your body has
antibodies for chicken pox stored in memory BCells.
If the pathogen chicken pox attacks your body
again, your immune system is ready and
recognizes the antigen and attacks right away.
14.What disease can you get more than once?
Why?
The Common Cold
There are many different cold viruses that give
you the similar symptoms.
Your body doesn’t recognize the antigen on the
pathogen because there are some many
different cold viruses.
15.What is a vaccine?
• A vaccine is a form of an antigen that gives
you immunity against a disease.
• A vaccine can only prevent a disease, not cure
it.
• Your body forms antibodies against the
pathogen, if your body encounters the same
pathogen, it has antibodies that are needed.