• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
chapter19
chapter19

... Bind to Toll-like receptors on phagocytic cells, which results in the release of tumor necrosis factor from the cells TNF causes capillary leakage and inflammation This can lead to hypotension and disseminated intravascular coagulation - aka, septic shock ...
B cell
B cell

... -shots (rabies treatment) ...
Lecture 10: Adaptive Immunity to Infection
Lecture 10: Adaptive Immunity to Infection

... Activated CD4 TH1 Cells Produce a Broad Range of Cytokines With Diverse Functions ...
Chapter 16
Chapter 16

... A vaccine is a substance that contains an antigen that can stimulate a primary immune response against a particular disease-causing agent, but does not cause severe disease symptoms. 38. Explain how a vaccine produces its effect. A vaccine contains bacteria or viruses that have been killed or weaken ...
Chapter 3. Antigens
Chapter 3. Antigens

... Terminology: Antigen: Substances that can be recognized by the surface antibody (B cells) or by the TCR when associated with MHC molecules Immunogenicity VS Antigenicity: Immunogenicity – ability to induce an antibody and/or cell-mediated immune response Antigenicity – ability to combine with the fi ...
Diseases of the Immune System Robbins Basic Pathology Chapter 4
Diseases of the Immune System Robbins Basic Pathology Chapter 4

... Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules: The Peptide Display System of Adaptive Immunity MHC = Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) complex (Figure 4-3) ...
AJS_Paper3_Autoimmunity
AJS_Paper3_Autoimmunity

... The term lupus actually refers to a collection of autoimmune diseases including systemic, discoid, drug-induced, and neonatal lupus. The most common form is systemic lupus erythematosus, also known as SLE. This condition affects an estimated 1.4 million people in America, 90% of which are women. SLE ...
Document
Document

... Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) HLA proteins are produced by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II genes. Link sugars to form branched glycoproteins on cell surface of white blood cells. HLA glycoproteins can recognize bacterial and viral proteins, marking them for immune system to ...
- SGTB Khalsa College
- SGTB Khalsa College

... Objective 21stUnit 1-Overview of Introduction to the th ...
Igs and the Immune System
Igs and the Immune System

Immune System Review
Immune System Review

... a. Other clone members B cells, capable of mounting a rapid attack against the same antigen in subsequent encounters (secondary immune response) The memory B cells provide humoral immunological memory 3. Active humoral immunity is acquired during an infection or via vaccination and provides immunolo ...
Lecture 7 Host Defense Against Infection
Lecture 7 Host Defense Against Infection

... Upper respiratory tract contains large resident flora Particles trapped on mucous membranes of bronchi and bronchioles Beating action of cilia causes mucociliary stream to flow up into the pharynx where it is swallowed 90% of particles removed this way. Only smallest particles (<10µ in ...
Immunopathology
Immunopathology

... Expose body to harmless version of pathogen Body creates antibodies to the disease, but not the actual symptoms/pathology of the disease ...
Name: Date: Period: _____ The Immune Response: Web Analysis
Name: Date: Period: _____ The Immune Response: Web Analysis

... 2. once past the nonspecific defenses, pathogens travel through the blood 3. If antibodies are present, they can attach to the microbe and mark it for destruction 4. Example microbes – bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc. 1. Natural – do not need an injection for immunity 2. Acquired – immunity (antibodie ...
The Journal of Clinical Investigation
The Journal of Clinical Investigation

... TOXINS: Use of antibodies to deliver toxins to a tumor site. E.g. ricin (made from castor beans), which inhibits protein synthesis and thwarts tumor growth. CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS: Reach tumours in larger and lethal doses when delivered by an antibody. ENZYMES: convert "prodrugs" into cytotoxins wil ...
Innate immunity in the large intestine
Innate immunity in the large intestine

... from stem cells in the base of the crypt. They contain mucopolysaccharide in secretory granules which expands up to 500-fold after release. LPS from Gram-negative bacteria and Th2 cytokines are goblet cell stimulants. They cause increased expression and exocytosis of MUC5A and 5B. Mucus protects ent ...
Document
Document

... from stem cells in the base of the crypt. They contain mucopolysaccharide in secretory granules which expands up to 500-fold after release. LPS from Gram-negative bacteria and Th2 cytokines are goblet cell stimulants. They cause increased expression and exocytosis of MUC5A and 5B. Mucus protects ent ...
T cell
T cell

... • The specificity of self/non-self peptide binding to MHC molecules determined by pockets that only bind certain amino acid side chains • MHC genes are extremely polymorphic and alleles encode pockets with specificities for different amino acid side chains ...
11. 2 Viruses - Father Michael McGivney Catholic Academy
11. 2 Viruses - Father Michael McGivney Catholic Academy

... 1) virus attaches to the _______ of the host cell 2) virus injects its nucleic acid into the bacterial cell and takes over the host mRNA 3) the host cell replicates the viral DNA 4) new virus particles are then _______ in the cell and then released through cell ______ 5) the new particles attack nei ...
Document
Document

... produced by the immune response bind to antigens on the patient's own cell surfaces. • The antigens recognized in this way may be; – intrinsic ("self" antigen, innately part of the patient's cells) or – extrinsic (absorbed onto the cells during exposure to some foreign antigen, possibly as part of i ...
Autoimmune Endocrinopathies
Autoimmune Endocrinopathies

... •  Endocrine glands can be affected by numerous autoimmune diseases •  These autoimmune endocrinopathies often cluster in the same family (familial aggregation) or in the same patient (comorbidity) •  Knowledge of these diseases and their associations lead to earlier diagnosis and ...
Chapter 1 Notes - Social Circle City Schools
Chapter 1 Notes - Social Circle City Schools

... In response to antigens, the immune system can mount a humoral response or a cell-mediated response Humoral immunity: involves B cell activation and results from the production of antibodies that circulate in the blood plasma and lymph to attack free antigens ...
Lecture 7 Host Defense Against Infection
Lecture 7 Host Defense Against Infection

... Bactericidal substances from prostatic fluid pH of urine Bladder mucosal cells may be phagocytic Urinary sIgA ...
BOSY_DEFENCE__ARISTO_
BOSY_DEFENCE__ARISTO_

...  sebaceous glands of skin  produce oily secretion (sebum) which has ...
PowerPoint 프레젠테이션
PowerPoint 프레젠테이션

... Reversetranscription yields double-stranded viral complementary DNA, which integrates into host genome. Viral mRNA are transcribed from promoter elements in the 5’ LTR region. Cellular activation increases the level of transcription, which is augmented greatly by the viral transcriptional transactiv ...
< 1 ... 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 ... 514 >

Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report