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The regulation of γδT17 cells in the tumor microenvironment γδT cell adoptive cancer immunotherapy
The regulation of γδT17 cells in the tumor microenvironment γδT cell adoptive cancer immunotherapy

... of tumor-specific αβT cell-based therapy may be hindered by limited tumor antigens. Abundant IFNγ or IL-17 production, MHC-independent cytotoxicity against a broad spectrum of tumors make γδT cells promising candidates for cellular immunotherapy. However, the tools for expanding γδT cells are very l ...
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... Zhang H, Tay PN, Cao W, Li W and Lu J. (2002) Integrin-nucleated toll-like receptor (TLR) dimerization reveals subcellular targeting of TLRs and distinct mechanisms of TLR4 activation and signaling. FEBS Lett. 532, 171-176 Cao W, Bobryshev YV, Lord RSA, Oakley REI, Lee SH and Lu J. (2003) Dendritic ...
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Immune System-

... Tubercles form in lungs—small, rounded swellings containing infected phagocytes First infection is usually not severe Re-infection results in chronic TB which gradually destroys the lung tissue Fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, persistent cough, coughing up blood Infection can spread to lymph no ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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