Carbohydrate and sugar structure
... •Isozymes: enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but are encoded by different genes and have different kinetic of regulatory properties. •Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): type M [skeletal muscle and liver] participates in the reduction of pyruvate to lactate (using NADH) while type H [heart muscle] ca ...
... •Isozymes: enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but are encoded by different genes and have different kinetic of regulatory properties. •Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): type M [skeletal muscle and liver] participates in the reduction of pyruvate to lactate (using NADH) while type H [heart muscle] ca ...
Bio102 Problems
... 11. Indicate whether each of the following statements describes electron transport on the mitochondrial inner membrane (MIM) or the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis on the thylakoid membrane (TM) or both or neither by circling your choice. The initial electron donor is a water molecule. ...
... 11. Indicate whether each of the following statements describes electron transport on the mitochondrial inner membrane (MIM) or the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis on the thylakoid membrane (TM) or both or neither by circling your choice. The initial electron donor is a water molecule. ...
Chapter 7
... on or off. Please note: once you have used any of the animation functions (such as Play or Pause), you must first click in the white background before you advance the next slide. ...
... on or off. Please note: once you have used any of the animation functions (such as Play or Pause), you must first click in the white background before you advance the next slide. ...
Revision PPT on enzymes File
... Why is shape important? The shape of an enzyme is very important because it has a direct effect on how it catalyzes a reaction. Why do enzymes have different shapes? An enzyme’s shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids in its structure, and the bonds which form between the atoms of those ...
... Why is shape important? The shape of an enzyme is very important because it has a direct effect on how it catalyzes a reaction. Why do enzymes have different shapes? An enzyme’s shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids in its structure, and the bonds which form between the atoms of those ...
amino acids
... Why is shape important? The shape of an enzyme is very important because it has a direct effect on how it catalyzes a reaction. Why do enzymes have different shapes? An enzyme’s shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids in its structure, and the bonds which form between the atoms of those ...
... Why is shape important? The shape of an enzyme is very important because it has a direct effect on how it catalyzes a reaction. Why do enzymes have different shapes? An enzyme’s shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids in its structure, and the bonds which form between the atoms of those ...
Oxidative Phosphorylation - Creighton Chemistry Webserver
... transporters req’d for ATP, Pi, pyruvate, etc. folding increases surface area (site of ox. phos. machinery) Matrix contains: citric acid cycle enzymes Fatty acid oxidation enzymes (discuss later) ...
... transporters req’d for ATP, Pi, pyruvate, etc. folding increases surface area (site of ox. phos. machinery) Matrix contains: citric acid cycle enzymes Fatty acid oxidation enzymes (discuss later) ...
Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
... Inner membrane proteins reduced by NADH and FADH2 AcetylCoA broken down further, releasing two CO2 molecules; C electrons and H sequestered by NADH and FADH2 Oxygen reduced by electrons from inner membrane proteins; D binds with 2 protons and released as waste H2O E Glucose hydrolyzed into two pyruv ...
... Inner membrane proteins reduced by NADH and FADH2 AcetylCoA broken down further, releasing two CO2 molecules; C electrons and H sequestered by NADH and FADH2 Oxygen reduced by electrons from inner membrane proteins; D binds with 2 protons and released as waste H2O E Glucose hydrolyzed into two pyruv ...
chapter-6-rev
... c. An agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose, but is not capable of being metabolized. d. An agent that reacts with NADH and oxidizes it to NAD +. e. An agent that inhibits the formation of acetyl coenzyme A. Briefly compare and contrast the processes of cellular respiration and photosyn ...
... c. An agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose, but is not capable of being metabolized. d. An agent that reacts with NADH and oxidizes it to NAD +. e. An agent that inhibits the formation of acetyl coenzyme A. Briefly compare and contrast the processes of cellular respiration and photosyn ...
Cellular Respiration
... you get from your food. These carriers strip electrons off of other molecules and carry them to other parts of the cell, specifically to the electron transport chain that is part of the last pathway, oxidative phosphorylation. If you like, you can think of the electron carriers as little carts that ...
... you get from your food. These carriers strip electrons off of other molecules and carry them to other parts of the cell, specifically to the electron transport chain that is part of the last pathway, oxidative phosphorylation. If you like, you can think of the electron carriers as little carts that ...
Overview of Metabolism - Chapter 4 - Formatted
... The sum total of all the catabolic and anabolic reactions that the products of digestion and absorption now undergo in the cells of the body collectively constitute the phenomenon of metabolism. Every cell in a living organism works like an industrial organization. It is in a state of dynamic equili ...
... The sum total of all the catabolic and anabolic reactions that the products of digestion and absorption now undergo in the cells of the body collectively constitute the phenomenon of metabolism. Every cell in a living organism works like an industrial organization. It is in a state of dynamic equili ...
gluconeogenesis
... The nonoxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway convert pentose phosphates back into hexose phosphates, allowing the oxidative reactions to continue. The enzymes transaldolase and transketolase are specific to this pathway; the oher enzymes also serve in the glycolytic or gluconeogeneti ...
... The nonoxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway convert pentose phosphates back into hexose phosphates, allowing the oxidative reactions to continue. The enzymes transaldolase and transketolase are specific to this pathway; the oher enzymes also serve in the glycolytic or gluconeogeneti ...
Nucleic Acid metabolism De Novo Synthesis of Purine
... molecule (atoms 4, 5,7), the amino nitrogen of aspartate (atom 1), amide nitrogen of glutamine (atoms 3, 9), components of the folate-one-carbon pool(atoms 2, 8), carbon dioxide, ribose 5-P from glucose and a great deal of energy in the form of ATP. In de novo synthesis, IMP is the first nucleotide ...
... molecule (atoms 4, 5,7), the amino nitrogen of aspartate (atom 1), amide nitrogen of glutamine (atoms 3, 9), components of the folate-one-carbon pool(atoms 2, 8), carbon dioxide, ribose 5-P from glucose and a great deal of energy in the form of ATP. In de novo synthesis, IMP is the first nucleotide ...
UNIT 2: The Chemistry of Life
... and old parts in the cell. Each cell contains many lysosomes. Each lysosome has specific molecules inside that help break down different substances. These molecules are called enzymes. ...
... and old parts in the cell. Each cell contains many lysosomes. Each lysosome has specific molecules inside that help break down different substances. These molecules are called enzymes. ...
Energy Conversion Pathways 1. Substrate level phosphorylation
... Normally, animals eat every day which provides fuel for thermoregulation and ATP synthesis. Hibernating animals are dependent on stored fat for energy to keep cells alive and on thermongenin-mediated futile cycling to create sufficient thermoregulation. 33. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase is requi ...
... Normally, animals eat every day which provides fuel for thermoregulation and ATP synthesis. Hibernating animals are dependent on stored fat for energy to keep cells alive and on thermongenin-mediated futile cycling to create sufficient thermoregulation. 33. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase is requi ...
Carbohydrate metabolism2
... 1.Skeletal muscle functions under both aerobic (resting) and anaerobic (eg, sprinting) conditions, so both aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis operate, depending on conditions. 2.Skeletal muscle contains myoglobin as a reservoir of oxygen. 3.Insulin acts on skeletal muscle to increase uptake of glucose ...
... 1.Skeletal muscle functions under both aerobic (resting) and anaerobic (eg, sprinting) conditions, so both aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis operate, depending on conditions. 2.Skeletal muscle contains myoglobin as a reservoir of oxygen. 3.Insulin acts on skeletal muscle to increase uptake of glucose ...
Table 1 - Cambridge University Press
... mammary carcinoma-bearing animals, the activities of the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation enzymes were significantly decreased. These activities were restored to a greater extent in animals treated with energy-modulating vitamins. From these experimental results, one may hypothesize that th ...
... mammary carcinoma-bearing animals, the activities of the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation enzymes were significantly decreased. These activities were restored to a greater extent in animals treated with energy-modulating vitamins. From these experimental results, one may hypothesize that th ...
Enzymes - Madison County Schools
... Reduces the amount of activation energy needed for a reaction to take place. ...
... Reduces the amount of activation energy needed for a reaction to take place. ...
Formate Dehydrogenase, Molecular Modeling and Docking with
... Swiss. As shown in Fig. 2, the Formate dehydrogenase from O. parapolymorpha DL-1 was modeled into dimer structure. As shown in Fig. 3A, the Ramachandran plot for FDH suggested 87.1%, 12.6%, 0.3% and 0.0% for residues in most favoured regions, additional allowed regions, generously allowed regions an ...
... Swiss. As shown in Fig. 2, the Formate dehydrogenase from O. parapolymorpha DL-1 was modeled into dimer structure. As shown in Fig. 3A, the Ramachandran plot for FDH suggested 87.1%, 12.6%, 0.3% and 0.0% for residues in most favoured regions, additional allowed regions, generously allowed regions an ...
Energy Transformation — Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
... Immediate source: NADH and FADH2, Ultimate source: glucose ...
... Immediate source: NADH and FADH2, Ultimate source: glucose ...
Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
... Big Picture – Energy Production and Storage Connection – Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Big Picture – Cellular Respiration Enzyme Lab due Friday – does not NEED to be typed but you can if you want (you already should have title, purpose, materials, procedures, and data tables – you need to ...
... Big Picture – Energy Production and Storage Connection – Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Big Picture – Cellular Respiration Enzyme Lab due Friday – does not NEED to be typed but you can if you want (you already should have title, purpose, materials, procedures, and data tables – you need to ...
A report published August 2006 demonstrated that peptide YY:
... electrons will be removed) to CO2 • Oxygen is reduced (Hs will be added) to H2O • Energy is released Fall 2007, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved ...
... electrons will be removed) to CO2 • Oxygen is reduced (Hs will be added) to H2O • Energy is released Fall 2007, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved ...
Chapter 9 - Cellular Respiration
... • Electrons travel through ETC. • Hydrogen ions and electrons bond with oxygen to form water. ...
... • Electrons travel through ETC. • Hydrogen ions and electrons bond with oxygen to form water. ...
Answer Key 2 - UC Davis Plant Sciences
... received octanoic acid (an “8:0 fatty acid”). After the experiment, rats of both groups were examined and a striking difference was noticed. While the animals of the first group were healthy and had gained weight, the rats of the second group were weak and had lost weight because of a decline in mus ...
... received octanoic acid (an “8:0 fatty acid”). After the experiment, rats of both groups were examined and a striking difference was noticed. While the animals of the first group were healthy and had gained weight, the rats of the second group were weak and had lost weight because of a decline in mus ...
Cellular respiration
... molecules, which are used in cellular respiration • Cells use chemical energy stored in organic molecules to regenerate ATP, which powers ...
... molecules, which are used in cellular respiration • Cells use chemical energy stored in organic molecules to regenerate ATP, which powers ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.