6ppt - UCSD Course Websites
... the Warburg effect is the observation that most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactic acid fermentation in the cytosol ...
... the Warburg effect is the observation that most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactic acid fermentation in the cytosol ...
Time: 1.5 hour
... (a) The amount of CO2 released is more than the O2 consumed (b) The amount of CO2 released is less than the O2 consumed (c) The amount of CO2 released is equal to O2 consumed (d) CO2 is not released 28. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is used in converting (a) Pyruvate to glucose (b) Glucose to pyruvate (c) ...
... (a) The amount of CO2 released is more than the O2 consumed (b) The amount of CO2 released is less than the O2 consumed (c) The amount of CO2 released is equal to O2 consumed (d) CO2 is not released 28. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is used in converting (a) Pyruvate to glucose (b) Glucose to pyruvate (c) ...
NVC Bio 120 lect 9 cell respiration
... Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
... Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
Pyruvate Kinase
... High [glucose] within liver cells causes a transcription factor to activate transcription of the gene for Pyruvate Kinase. This facilitates converting excess glucose to pyruvate, which is metabolized to acetyl-CoA, the main precursor for synthesis of fatty acids, for long term energy storage. ...
... High [glucose] within liver cells causes a transcription factor to activate transcription of the gene for Pyruvate Kinase. This facilitates converting excess glucose to pyruvate, which is metabolized to acetyl-CoA, the main precursor for synthesis of fatty acids, for long term energy storage. ...
Development of Biocatalysts for Production of Fine Chemicals
... work on a variety of substrates, they are used as Sumit- ...
... work on a variety of substrates, they are used as Sumit- ...
146/18 = 8.1 ATP/carbon Atom. For Lauric acid
... (b) Pyruvate to acetyl CoA: six ATPs are produced in this step, as each pyruvate yields one NADH for a total of two with each one yielding 3 ATPs when the NADH is reoxidized by the electron transport chain. (c) Glucose to carbon dioxide and water: Table 28.1 shows how 36 ATP molecules are produced f ...
... (b) Pyruvate to acetyl CoA: six ATPs are produced in this step, as each pyruvate yields one NADH for a total of two with each one yielding 3 ATPs when the NADH is reoxidized by the electron transport chain. (c) Glucose to carbon dioxide and water: Table 28.1 shows how 36 ATP molecules are produced f ...
Ch. 9: Cellular Respiration
... These small molecules may come directly from food, glycolysis, OR citric acid cycle ...
... These small molecules may come directly from food, glycolysis, OR citric acid cycle ...
the lecture in Powerpoint Format
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules The citric acid cycle – is also called the Krebs cycle (after the German-British researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), – completes the oxidation of ...
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules The citric acid cycle – is also called the Krebs cycle (after the German-British researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), – completes the oxidation of ...
Lecture 6
... untapped. Under Aerobic conditions a much more dynamic pyruvate metabolism occurs. The 2 moles of NADH produced by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase are oxidized in the electron transport chain back to NAD +. The electron transport chain generates a proton gradient that drives the synthesis o ...
... untapped. Under Aerobic conditions a much more dynamic pyruvate metabolism occurs. The 2 moles of NADH produced by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase are oxidized in the electron transport chain back to NAD +. The electron transport chain generates a proton gradient that drives the synthesis o ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: AEROBIC HARVESTING OF ENERGY
... – a carboxyl group is removed and given off as CO2, – the two-carbon compound remaining is oxidized while a molecule of NAD+ is reduced to NADH, – coenzyme A joins with the two-carbon group to form acetyl coenzyme A, abbreviated as acetyl CoA, and – acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle. ...
... – a carboxyl group is removed and given off as CO2, – the two-carbon compound remaining is oxidized while a molecule of NAD+ is reduced to NADH, – coenzyme A joins with the two-carbon group to form acetyl coenzyme A, abbreviated as acetyl CoA, and – acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle. ...
Sol. RUBISC - askIITians
... sudden decrease in enzyme action due to denaturation. Mostly enzymatic reactions occur below 450c ...
... sudden decrease in enzyme action due to denaturation. Mostly enzymatic reactions occur below 450c ...
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules The citric acid cycle – is also called the Krebs cycle (after the German-British researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), – completes the oxidation ...
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules The citric acid cycle – is also called the Krebs cycle (after the German-British researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), – completes the oxidation ...
chapter-6-rev - HCC Learning Web
... c. An agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose, but is not capable of being metabolized. d. An agent that reacts with NADH and oxidizes it to NAD +. e. An agent that inhibits the formation of acetyl coenzyme A. ...
... c. An agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose, but is not capable of being metabolized. d. An agent that reacts with NADH and oxidizes it to NAD +. e. An agent that inhibits the formation of acetyl coenzyme A. ...
PPT slides - USD Biology
... two sides of the membrane) gradients across the IMM. – The energy stored in these gradients is then used to drive ATP synthesis. – As protons move down the gradient through a channel in the F0-F1 ATPase in IMM, energy is released that is coupled to the synthesis of ATP from ADP + Pi. ...
... two sides of the membrane) gradients across the IMM. – The energy stored in these gradients is then used to drive ATP synthesis. – As protons move down the gradient through a channel in the F0-F1 ATPase in IMM, energy is released that is coupled to the synthesis of ATP from ADP + Pi. ...
Tutorial: Metabolic Signaling in the b-Cell
... Citrate has 6 carbons As the cycle progresses, first one carbon is lost and then another Cycle ends where it began, except that 4 NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP molecule have been made The coenzymes NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers that are used to transfer electrons between molecules. This transf ...
... Citrate has 6 carbons As the cycle progresses, first one carbon is lost and then another Cycle ends where it began, except that 4 NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP molecule have been made The coenzymes NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers that are used to transfer electrons between molecules. This transf ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... As they are passed along the chain, the energy carried by these electrons is transformed in the mitochondrion into a form that can be used to synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... As they are passed along the chain, the energy carried by these electrons is transformed in the mitochondrion into a form that can be used to synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. ...
Black and White Nucleotide Metabolism english document for
... 1. De novo synthesis pathway is the pathway involves with different enzymes to create nucleotide molecule. 2. Salvage pathway is the pathway that relies on recycling of degradative product of DNA or RNA molecule. ...
... 1. De novo synthesis pathway is the pathway involves with different enzymes to create nucleotide molecule. 2. Salvage pathway is the pathway that relies on recycling of degradative product of DNA or RNA molecule. ...
Enzymes - Creighton Chemistry Webserver
... A general rule of thumb - a reaction's rate approximately doubles with a 10°C increase in reaction or assay temperature. However, since enzymes are held together by weak non-covalent bonds, at higher temperatures, the enzyme catalyzed rate slows down rather than increases. ...
... A general rule of thumb - a reaction's rate approximately doubles with a 10°C increase in reaction or assay temperature. However, since enzymes are held together by weak non-covalent bonds, at higher temperatures, the enzyme catalyzed rate slows down rather than increases. ...
1. Most organisms are active in a limited temperature range
... • While enzymes participate in reactions as biological catalysts they are not used up and are available for reuse (the activation energy required to start the reaction is lower when an enzyme is present) Enzyme structure • Enzymes are made up of proteins and the basic building block of proteins is t ...
... • While enzymes participate in reactions as biological catalysts they are not used up and are available for reuse (the activation energy required to start the reaction is lower when an enzyme is present) Enzyme structure • Enzymes are made up of proteins and the basic building block of proteins is t ...
9강 - KOCW
... • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentati ...
... • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentati ...
CHAPTER 12 – RESPIRATION
... beginning, four have been made at the end. However, this is not all the ATP which can be made in this process. The conversion of triose phosphate into GP also releases hydrogen ions (H+) and electrons (e-) which are transferred to the coenzyme NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) to form reduced ...
... beginning, four have been made at the end. However, this is not all the ATP which can be made in this process. The conversion of triose phosphate into GP also releases hydrogen ions (H+) and electrons (e-) which are transferred to the coenzyme NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) to form reduced ...
7-cellular-respiration
... What are the electrons used for? What is the fate of the H+ ions? What does the return flow of H+ ions cause to happen? How is ATP synthesised? What is the final electron acceptor? What does the final electron acceptor combine with and what does this produce? How many ATP molecules are generated i ...
... What are the electrons used for? What is the fate of the H+ ions? What does the return flow of H+ ions cause to happen? How is ATP synthesised? What is the final electron acceptor? What does the final electron acceptor combine with and what does this produce? How many ATP molecules are generated i ...
Lifeline Week 6 Follow-Along Sheet Cellular Respiration
... Within the ETC, electrons are passed along the _________ membrane of the mitochondria by transport proteins. H+ ions move across the membrane, creating a __________________________. This proton gradient creates a __________________________________ across the membrane. This separation of charge is ha ...
... Within the ETC, electrons are passed along the _________ membrane of the mitochondria by transport proteins. H+ ions move across the membrane, creating a __________________________. This proton gradient creates a __________________________________ across the membrane. This separation of charge is ha ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.