Energy/Chemical Energy in the Cell Chapter 5
... that is useful by the cell • each enzyme reacts (temporarily binds) with a specific molecule in the reactants called a substrate • have no effect on (ΔG) of a given reaction • can be catabolic (break molecules down) or anabolic (build molecules up) ...
... that is useful by the cell • each enzyme reacts (temporarily binds) with a specific molecule in the reactants called a substrate • have no effect on (ΔG) of a given reaction • can be catabolic (break molecules down) or anabolic (build molecules up) ...
Consortium for Educational Communication
... dinucleotide) functions as carrier of electrons in oxidation reduction reactions. Several other coenzymes are involved in the transfer of a variety of additional chemical groups (e.g. carboxyl groups and acyl goups). Cofactors are essential for the catalytic activity of an enzyme. Some examples of c ...
... dinucleotide) functions as carrier of electrons in oxidation reduction reactions. Several other coenzymes are involved in the transfer of a variety of additional chemical groups (e.g. carboxyl groups and acyl goups). Cofactors are essential for the catalytic activity of an enzyme. Some examples of c ...
Cellular Respiration chapt06
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Chapter 32 - How Animals Harvest Energy Stored in Nutrients
... Animals that live in an anaerobic (low in oxygen) environment utilize fermentation to transfer the electrons and associated hydrogen produced in glycolysis to another atom or molecule. Molecules other than oxygen (e.g., NAD) are electron acceptors. In aerobic respiration, the Krebs cycle completes ...
... Animals that live in an anaerobic (low in oxygen) environment utilize fermentation to transfer the electrons and associated hydrogen produced in glycolysis to another atom or molecule. Molecules other than oxygen (e.g., NAD) are electron acceptors. In aerobic respiration, the Krebs cycle completes ...
BI0 120 cell and tissues
... 28. The activation phase of the glycolysis consist of A. adding phosphates, modifying sugars and forming glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. B. oxidative steps, proton pumping, and reaction with oxygen. C. oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, and storage of energy. D. ATP synthesis by substrate-level ph ...
... 28. The activation phase of the glycolysis consist of A. adding phosphates, modifying sugars and forming glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. B. oxidative steps, proton pumping, and reaction with oxygen. C. oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, and storage of energy. D. ATP synthesis by substrate-level ph ...
GLYCOLYSIS UP - Hudson City Schools / Homepage
... molecule TOTAL from cellular respiration (Krebs + ETC/chemiosmosis) and glycolysis? ...
... molecule TOTAL from cellular respiration (Krebs + ETC/chemiosmosis) and glycolysis? ...
glucose-6-P - WordPress.com
... normal conditions, and so acts at a constant rate to provide glucose 6-phosphate to meet the cell's need. Liver cells also contain an isoenzyme of hexokinase, glucokinase, which has a Km very much higher than the normal intracellular concentration of glucose. The function of glucokinase in the liver ...
... normal conditions, and so acts at a constant rate to provide glucose 6-phosphate to meet the cell's need. Liver cells also contain an isoenzyme of hexokinase, glucokinase, which has a Km very much higher than the normal intracellular concentration of glucose. The function of glucokinase in the liver ...
Nerve activates contraction
... • During lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate (ionized form of lactic acid). • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. • Muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP ...
... • During lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate (ionized form of lactic acid). • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt. • Muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP ...
Enzymes in Food Technology
... Product inhibition, e.g. inhibition by galactose, is another property which also depends on the source of lactase. The enzyme from A. niger is more strongly inhibited by galactose than that from A. oryzae. This inhibition can be overcome by hydrolysing lactose at low concentrations by using immobili ...
... Product inhibition, e.g. inhibition by galactose, is another property which also depends on the source of lactase. The enzyme from A. niger is more strongly inhibited by galactose than that from A. oryzae. This inhibition can be overcome by hydrolysing lactose at low concentrations by using immobili ...
Biochemistry_Written_Tests.doc
... Write the part of FAD molecule which is responsible for it's reduction properties. a. On 2 nitrogens (number 1,5) of the riboflavin ring ...
... Write the part of FAD molecule which is responsible for it's reduction properties. a. On 2 nitrogens (number 1,5) of the riboflavin ring ...
Document
... glucose and other organic fuels to pyruvate • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentation and O2 in cellular respiration • Cellular respiration produces 38 ATP per glucose molecule; fermentation produces 2 ATP per gluc ...
... glucose and other organic fuels to pyruvate • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentation and O2 in cellular respiration • Cellular respiration produces 38 ATP per glucose molecule; fermentation produces 2 ATP per gluc ...
Enzymes - Mr. hawkins
... a) Prosthetic group: Organic molecule that is permanently attached to an enzyme. ...
... a) Prosthetic group: Organic molecule that is permanently attached to an enzyme. ...
FEBS Letters
... identified. The evidence for the transport of glutamate mainly stems from [4-61 that carbon catabolism proceeds via the oxidative pentose phosphate cycle and that glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle do not operate in heterocysts. However, evidence has recently been accumulated from experimen ...
... identified. The evidence for the transport of glutamate mainly stems from [4-61 that carbon catabolism proceeds via the oxidative pentose phosphate cycle and that glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle do not operate in heterocysts. However, evidence has recently been accumulated from experimen ...
Enzyme Web Quest KEY
... 2. What do enzymes have to help them fit their substrates (the molecules that attach to the enzyme)? Enzymes have an active site to match up with their substrate. 3. What would happen without enzymes? Many important life processes would not happen without enzymes. True/False: Enzymes can help many d ...
... 2. What do enzymes have to help them fit their substrates (the molecules that attach to the enzyme)? Enzymes have an active site to match up with their substrate. 3. What would happen without enzymes? Many important life processes would not happen without enzymes. True/False: Enzymes can help many d ...
Input - CBSD.org
... • Substrates fit enzymes like keys in a lock. However, research suggests that the lock then moves a bit more to fit the key even better. What is the name of this concept? – The induced-fit model. ...
... • Substrates fit enzymes like keys in a lock. However, research suggests that the lock then moves a bit more to fit the key even better. What is the name of this concept? – The induced-fit model. ...
Chapter 9 Notes
... • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
... • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
Purine Metabolism
... Modified nucleotide mono and di phosphates have important in electron transfer and Redox control ...
... Modified nucleotide mono and di phosphates have important in electron transfer and Redox control ...
video slide - Wild about Bio
... The electron transport chain is in the cristae of the mitochondrion NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the electron transport chain Electrons drop in free energy as they go down the chain and are finally passed to O2, forming H2O ...
... The electron transport chain is in the cristae of the mitochondrion NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the electron transport chain Electrons drop in free energy as they go down the chain and are finally passed to O2, forming H2O ...
Lab 5
... The activity of an enzyme is measured by the rate of the reaction that it catalyzes. This rate can be detected either by the measurement of product formation over time or by the measurement of the disappearance of substrate over time. The detection of substrate or product concentrations can be done ...
... The activity of an enzyme is measured by the rate of the reaction that it catalyzes. This rate can be detected either by the measurement of product formation over time or by the measurement of the disappearance of substrate over time. The detection of substrate or product concentrations can be done ...
BCH 301 CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
... Uronic acid pathway is for the conversion of glucose to glucuronic acid, ascorbic acid and pentoses. It is also an alternative oxidative pathway for glucose. Sequence of Reaction: Glucose is converted to G-6-P which is converted to G 1 P. this then react with uridine tri PO4 to form UDPG which is no ...
... Uronic acid pathway is for the conversion of glucose to glucuronic acid, ascorbic acid and pentoses. It is also an alternative oxidative pathway for glucose. Sequence of Reaction: Glucose is converted to G-6-P which is converted to G 1 P. this then react with uridine tri PO4 to form UDPG which is no ...
Chapter 9
... the cristae actually makes ATP from ADP and Pi. ◊ ATP used the energy of an existing proton gradient to power ATP synthesis. • This proton gradient develops between the intermembrane space and the matrix. ...
... the cristae actually makes ATP from ADP and Pi. ◊ ATP used the energy of an existing proton gradient to power ATP synthesis. • This proton gradient develops between the intermembrane space and the matrix. ...
Chapter 26
... – Weight in pounds x 0.37 = estimate of RDA of protein – Higher intake recommended under conditions of stress, infection, injury, and pregnancy – Excessive intake overloads the kidneys with nitrogenous waste and can cause kidney damage ...
... – Weight in pounds x 0.37 = estimate of RDA of protein – Higher intake recommended under conditions of stress, infection, injury, and pregnancy – Excessive intake overloads the kidneys with nitrogenous waste and can cause kidney damage ...
Biology 5.3 Cellular Respiration
... Hydrogen ions diffuse back into the inner compartment through a carrier protein that adds a phosphate group to ADP, making ATP. At the end of the electron chain, hydrogen ions and spent electrons combine with oxygen molecules (O2) forming water molecules (H20) ...
... Hydrogen ions diffuse back into the inner compartment through a carrier protein that adds a phosphate group to ADP, making ATP. At the end of the electron chain, hydrogen ions and spent electrons combine with oxygen molecules (O2) forming water molecules (H20) ...
cell resp
... the respiratory electron transport chain; cristae of the mitochondrion 26. 26 A cell culture was supplied with radioactively labeled O2. The cells were monitored. In a few minutes the radioactive oxygen atoms were present in which of the following compounds: A) carbon dioxide B) NADH and FADH2 C) wa ...
... the respiratory electron transport chain; cristae of the mitochondrion 26. 26 A cell culture was supplied with radioactively labeled O2. The cells were monitored. In a few minutes the radioactive oxygen atoms were present in which of the following compounds: A) carbon dioxide B) NADH and FADH2 C) wa ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.