Citric Acid Cycle
... starring role in both the process of energy production and biosynthesis. The cycle finishes the sugar-breaking job started in glycolysis and fuels the production of ATP in the process. It is also a central hub in biosynthetic reactions, providing intermediates that are used to build amino acids and ...
... starring role in both the process of energy production and biosynthesis. The cycle finishes the sugar-breaking job started in glycolysis and fuels the production of ATP in the process. It is also a central hub in biosynthetic reactions, providing intermediates that are used to build amino acids and ...
Citric Acid Cycle - Progetto e
... starring role in both the process of energy production and biosynthesis. The cycle finishes the sugar-breaking job started in glycolysis and fuels the production of ATP in the process. It is also a central hub in biosynthetic reactions, providing intermediates that are used to build amino acids and ...
... starring role in both the process of energy production and biosynthesis. The cycle finishes the sugar-breaking job started in glycolysis and fuels the production of ATP in the process. It is also a central hub in biosynthetic reactions, providing intermediates that are used to build amino acids and ...
Ribozyme Catalysis
... • A neutral hydroxyl (e.g. Ser-OH) isn’t a very good nucleophile, but deprotonation would require a strong base • “Catalytic triad”: a glutamate (or aspartate) carboxylate hydrogen-bonds with a histidine’s imidazole group, which increases its basicity enough to assist with removal of serine’s hydro ...
... • A neutral hydroxyl (e.g. Ser-OH) isn’t a very good nucleophile, but deprotonation would require a strong base • “Catalytic triad”: a glutamate (or aspartate) carboxylate hydrogen-bonds with a histidine’s imidazole group, which increases its basicity enough to assist with removal of serine’s hydro ...
Chapter #9 Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
... 1. During cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized to carbon dioxide & oxygen is reduced to water. 2. Electrons lose potential energy during their transfer from organic compounds to oxygen. 3. Electrons from organic compounds are usually passed first to NAD+, reducing it to NADH. 4. NADH passes the ...
... 1. During cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized to carbon dioxide & oxygen is reduced to water. 2. Electrons lose potential energy during their transfer from organic compounds to oxygen. 3. Electrons from organic compounds are usually passed first to NAD+, reducing it to NADH. 4. NADH passes the ...
Cellular Respiration
... breaking down the rest. The sugar will be broken down to ultimately form CO2 by aerobic respiration. The H atoms found in the sucrose molecules will unite with O gas to produce H2O. Most of the water produced will be eliminated by breathing and urination. However, some sugar wil be retained in the c ...
... breaking down the rest. The sugar will be broken down to ultimately form CO2 by aerobic respiration. The H atoms found in the sucrose molecules will unite with O gas to produce H2O. Most of the water produced will be eliminated by breathing and urination. However, some sugar wil be retained in the c ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle
... 3 step oxidation process releases 1 CO2 (count the carbons!) reduces NAD → NADH (stores energy) produces acetyl CoA ...
... 3 step oxidation process releases 1 CO2 (count the carbons!) reduces NAD → NADH (stores energy) produces acetyl CoA ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration Kreb`s Cycle
... 3 step oxidation process releases 1 CO2 (count the carbons!) reduces NAD NADH (stores energy) produces acetyl CoA ...
... 3 step oxidation process releases 1 CO2 (count the carbons!) reduces NAD NADH (stores energy) produces acetyl CoA ...
Gene Section NQO1 (NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... system. As a result, cells and tissues carrying the homozygous NQO1 *2 allele have no detectable NQO1 activity and at best, trace levels of NQO1 protein. The NQO1 *2/*2 genotype is effectively a null polymorphism. NQO1 is highly inducible and although NQO1 levels can vary considerably among individu ...
... system. As a result, cells and tissues carrying the homozygous NQO1 *2 allele have no detectable NQO1 activity and at best, trace levels of NQO1 protein. The NQO1 *2/*2 genotype is effectively a null polymorphism. NQO1 is highly inducible and although NQO1 levels can vary considerably among individu ...
Ch 18 reading guide
... 9. Which cofactor also serves as a flexible linkage to bring the substrate to all the enzyme active sites? 10. Looking at Figure 18.7, describe the mechanism with reference to each subunit and role of each cofactor. 11. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is highly regulated because _____________________ ...
... 9. Which cofactor also serves as a flexible linkage to bring the substrate to all the enzyme active sites? 10. Looking at Figure 18.7, describe the mechanism with reference to each subunit and role of each cofactor. 11. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is highly regulated because _____________________ ...
Krebs Cycle - WordPress.com
... Cellular respiration is an example of a metabolic pathway It is a complex energy release process, controlled by enzymes, that breaks down the complex molecules one step at a time, releasing energy in small controlled amounts All of the reactions involved in cellular respiration can be grouped int ...
... Cellular respiration is an example of a metabolic pathway It is a complex energy release process, controlled by enzymes, that breaks down the complex molecules one step at a time, releasing energy in small controlled amounts All of the reactions involved in cellular respiration can be grouped int ...
Block 1 Unit #3
... a. Glycolysis – dihydroxyacetone is converted to Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate b. Triglyceride synthesis – it is converted to glycerol 3 phosphate which is a precursor for biosynthesis of triglycerides in adipose tissues c. Glycerol phosphate shuttle – it is reduced by NADH, provides a roll in regenera ...
... a. Glycolysis – dihydroxyacetone is converted to Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate b. Triglyceride synthesis – it is converted to glycerol 3 phosphate which is a precursor for biosynthesis of triglycerides in adipose tissues c. Glycerol phosphate shuttle – it is reduced by NADH, provides a roll in regenera ...
A1986A777600001
... was also a good catalyst. From the study of these compounds, we concluded that the 3-hydroxyl group of the coenzyme was needed to form a metal chelate with a Schiff base of pyridoxal and the amino acid. The powerful electron-withdrawing ability of the N-protonated pyridine ring was also needed for c ...
... was also a good catalyst. From the study of these compounds, we concluded that the 3-hydroxyl group of the coenzyme was needed to form a metal chelate with a Schiff base of pyridoxal and the amino acid. The powerful electron-withdrawing ability of the N-protonated pyridine ring was also needed for c ...
THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... • Compare to ATP phosphate hydrolysis at -30 kJ/mole • We preserve that energy by making GTP • This reaction utilizes a swinging histidine side chain to transfer the PO42- group from succinyl phosphate to ...
... • Compare to ATP phosphate hydrolysis at -30 kJ/mole • We preserve that energy by making GTP • This reaction utilizes a swinging histidine side chain to transfer the PO42- group from succinyl phosphate to ...
BIOL 100 Quiz 2 The four major classes of biological molecules
... C) They are pumped across the mitochondrial inner membrane against their concentration gradient (to where their concentration is low); as the H+ ions flow back to where their concentrations are high, they drive ATP synthase to form ATP ...
... C) They are pumped across the mitochondrial inner membrane against their concentration gradient (to where their concentration is low); as the H+ ions flow back to where their concentrations are high, they drive ATP synthase to form ATP ...
Summary of Metabolic Pathways
... -Oxidation of pyruvate can only occur if the oxidized coenzyme (NAD+) is available. • Under anaerobic conditions, the NADH which accumulates is not converted to NAD+. This prevents oxidation of pyruvate and stops the earlier step in glycolysis which requires NAD+. • The net result of the citric acid ...
... -Oxidation of pyruvate can only occur if the oxidized coenzyme (NAD+) is available. • Under anaerobic conditions, the NADH which accumulates is not converted to NAD+. This prevents oxidation of pyruvate and stops the earlier step in glycolysis which requires NAD+. • The net result of the citric acid ...
Cell Respiration and Fermentation PPT
... The ATP released in the ETC is used to move H+ ions across the membrane from low to high concentrations This stores potential energy (positive side vs negative side) ATP synthase is a protein in the membrane that spins like a mini turbine as H+ ions flow back across the membrane The spinning ATP syn ...
... The ATP released in the ETC is used to move H+ ions across the membrane from low to high concentrations This stores potential energy (positive side vs negative side) ATP synthase is a protein in the membrane that spins like a mini turbine as H+ ions flow back across the membrane The spinning ATP syn ...
Mock Exam 2 BY 123 - Cusic Supplemental Instruction
... 23. What class of enzyme is responsible for moving phosphate groups? a. Kinase b. Isomerase c. Dehydrogenase d. None of the above 24. What class of enzyme is responsible for the movement of electrons? a. Kinase b. Isomerase c. Dehydrogenase d. None of the above 25. What is reduced in the photosynth ...
... 23. What class of enzyme is responsible for moving phosphate groups? a. Kinase b. Isomerase c. Dehydrogenase d. None of the above 24. What class of enzyme is responsible for the movement of electrons? a. Kinase b. Isomerase c. Dehydrogenase d. None of the above 25. What is reduced in the photosynth ...
Acyl-CoA synthetases : Fatty acid +CoA + ATP → fatty acyl
... triacylglycerols stored in adipose tissue ...
... triacylglycerols stored in adipose tissue ...
Cellular respiration - Jocha
... • 1 ATP is generated the mitochondrion • 6 CO2 are released • Five pairs of H become attached •When both Pyruvic acid molecules have to NAD+(4) and FAD(1) been processed: (1) all the original C atoms from the glucose have been converted to CO2 2 Pyruvic acid 3 carbons Enzyme 1 (2) all the original H ...
... • 1 ATP is generated the mitochondrion • 6 CO2 are released • Five pairs of H become attached •When both Pyruvic acid molecules have to NAD+(4) and FAD(1) been processed: (1) all the original C atoms from the glucose have been converted to CO2 2 Pyruvic acid 3 carbons Enzyme 1 (2) all the original H ...
Bozeman Science Video: Cellular Respiration Name: Directions
... 8. In the Krebs cycle, AcetylCoA becomes _____________, NADH and ________ ATP 9. NADH and FADH2 go to the __________ _______________ _______________ 10. Energy from electrons is used to pump protons to the ___________________ space 11. The oxygen you breathe is the last electron acceptor and makes _ ...
... 8. In the Krebs cycle, AcetylCoA becomes _____________, NADH and ________ ATP 9. NADH and FADH2 go to the __________ _______________ _______________ 10. Energy from electrons is used to pump protons to the ___________________ space 11. The oxygen you breathe is the last electron acceptor and makes _ ...
Ch. 9: Cellular Respiration
... that are used to make ATP are donated to other molecules. A) Aerobic Respiration: Pyruvate is oxidized into carbon dioxide (released) and acetyl-CoA in the Krebs Cycle. Eventually, oxygen gas accepts the high energy H atoms of NADH and FADH2 created in the rest of the Krebs Cycle and water is create ...
... that are used to make ATP are donated to other molecules. A) Aerobic Respiration: Pyruvate is oxidized into carbon dioxide (released) and acetyl-CoA in the Krebs Cycle. Eventually, oxygen gas accepts the high energy H atoms of NADH and FADH2 created in the rest of the Krebs Cycle and water is create ...
6. Respiration - WordPress.com
... Anaerobic respiration is the release of energy from substrates, such as glucose, in the absence of oxygen. In anaerobic respiration, glycolysis is the only process that occurs. The electron transport chain cannot occur, as there is no oxygen to act as the final electron acceptor. Thus NAD is all red ...
... Anaerobic respiration is the release of energy from substrates, such as glucose, in the absence of oxygen. In anaerobic respiration, glycolysis is the only process that occurs. The electron transport chain cannot occur, as there is no oxygen to act as the final electron acceptor. Thus NAD is all red ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.