Lecture 26
... Oxidize an acetyl group to 2 CO2 molecules and generates 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 GTP. Citrate synthase: catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to yield citrate. Aconitase: isomerizes citrate to the easily oxidized isocitrate. Isocitrate dehydrogenase: oxidizes isocitrate to the -k ...
... Oxidize an acetyl group to 2 CO2 molecules and generates 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 GTP. Citrate synthase: catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to yield citrate. Aconitase: isomerizes citrate to the easily oxidized isocitrate. Isocitrate dehydrogenase: oxidizes isocitrate to the -k ...
2421_Ch5.ppt
... Coupling of these reactions is made possible through ATP So… what does he mean by coupling?” energy retrieved from catabolism is stored in ATP and later released to drive anabolic reactions ...
... Coupling of these reactions is made possible through ATP So… what does he mean by coupling?” energy retrieved from catabolism is stored in ATP and later released to drive anabolic reactions ...
1 Lecture 27: Metabolic Pathways Part I: Glycolysis
... This completes the “first stage” of glycolysis. Overall Δ G for the first 5 steps under cellular conditions is -53 kJ/mol. So far, 2 ATP molecules have been consumed. ...
... This completes the “first stage” of glycolysis. Overall Δ G for the first 5 steps under cellular conditions is -53 kJ/mol. So far, 2 ATP molecules have been consumed. ...
Powerpoint - Castle High School
... (a) They are essential for metabolic reactions in animals but not in plants. (b) They can facilitate metabolic reactions by combining with enzymes and their active sites. (c) They are minerals that alter the pH of cells and thus increase the probability of chemical reactions. (d) They are synthesize ...
... (a) They are essential for metabolic reactions in animals but not in plants. (b) They can facilitate metabolic reactions by combining with enzymes and their active sites. (c) They are minerals that alter the pH of cells and thus increase the probability of chemical reactions. (d) They are synthesize ...
Cellular Respiration
... This is the final pathway of aerobic respiration. It occurS in the mitochondria. The pathway removes electrons and protons from the NADH and FADH2 molecules. FAD is Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide. It is an electron carrier like NADH. FADH2 is the reduced fonn that carries the electrons and protons. . E ...
... This is the final pathway of aerobic respiration. It occurS in the mitochondria. The pathway removes electrons and protons from the NADH and FADH2 molecules. FAD is Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide. It is an electron carrier like NADH. FADH2 is the reduced fonn that carries the electrons and protons. . E ...
enzymes 194 kb enzymes
... nerve agent sarin reacts with the active site serine in acetylcholinesterase, leading to a build up of ACh in the synaptic cleft, so action potentials are constantly generated and the inability to control breathing results in asphyxiation. Suicide inhibitors resemble the substrate, but are chemicall ...
... nerve agent sarin reacts with the active site serine in acetylcholinesterase, leading to a build up of ACh in the synaptic cleft, so action potentials are constantly generated and the inability to control breathing results in asphyxiation. Suicide inhibitors resemble the substrate, but are chemicall ...
Title - Iowa State University
... 2. Glycolysis involves breaking down glucose to make two molecules of ________. This also creates ___ molecules of ATP and ___ molecules of NADH. Glycolysis requires Oxygen, which is termed ________ respiration. Glycolysis occurs in ___ steps or ___ phases. 3. Pyruvate then enters the mitochondr ...
... 2. Glycolysis involves breaking down glucose to make two molecules of ________. This also creates ___ molecules of ATP and ___ molecules of NADH. Glycolysis requires Oxygen, which is termed ________ respiration. Glycolysis occurs in ___ steps or ___ phases. 3. Pyruvate then enters the mitochondr ...
Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle Krebs Cycle Oxidative
... no ATP produced; makes NAD+ needed for glycolysis to continue Part of the Cori Cycle at right ...
... no ATP produced; makes NAD+ needed for glycolysis to continue Part of the Cori Cycle at right ...
3. GLYCOLYSIS
... up into mitochondria, and after conversion to acety-CoA is oxidized to CO2 by the citric acid cycle. • The reducing equivalents from the NADH+H+ formed in glycolysis are taken up into mitochontria for oxidation. ...
... up into mitochondria, and after conversion to acety-CoA is oxidized to CO2 by the citric acid cycle. • The reducing equivalents from the NADH+H+ formed in glycolysis are taken up into mitochontria for oxidation. ...
Cellular Respiration (Chapter 8) Outline The Killers Are Coming
... 8.3 Second Stage of the Aerobic Pathway A. Preparatory Steps and the Krebs Cycle 1. Pyruvate enters the mitochondria and is converted to acetyl-CoA, which then joins oxaloacetate already present from a previous "turn" of the cycle. ...
... 8.3 Second Stage of the Aerobic Pathway A. Preparatory Steps and the Krebs Cycle 1. Pyruvate enters the mitochondria and is converted to acetyl-CoA, which then joins oxaloacetate already present from a previous "turn" of the cycle. ...
WHAT SHOULD I KNOW ABOUT RESPIRATION NAME ANSWERS
... six carbon glucose breaks down into two - 3 carbon pyruvic acids (pyruvate). Uses 2 ATPs to get started and produces 4 ATPs (net gain of 2 ATPs) and produces 2 NADH. alcoholic fermentation – Takes place in cytoplasm without oxygen Uses energy from NADH to change pyruvic acid into alcohol and release ...
... six carbon glucose breaks down into two - 3 carbon pyruvic acids (pyruvate). Uses 2 ATPs to get started and produces 4 ATPs (net gain of 2 ATPs) and produces 2 NADH. alcoholic fermentation – Takes place in cytoplasm without oxygen Uses energy from NADH to change pyruvic acid into alcohol and release ...
Enzyme Foldable
... a. Draw and label the enzyme and the substrate. Explain the role of an enzyme in the body. 3. Enzyme Vocabulary a. These are the key words in the reading packet. 4. Graphs a. Draw and label the 4 graphs associated with enzymes. i. Temperature ii. PH iii. Concentrations iv. Activation Energy b. Write ...
... a. Draw and label the enzyme and the substrate. Explain the role of an enzyme in the body. 3. Enzyme Vocabulary a. These are the key words in the reading packet. 4. Graphs a. Draw and label the 4 graphs associated with enzymes. i. Temperature ii. PH iii. Concentrations iv. Activation Energy b. Write ...
Enzymes - hbwbiology.net
... Regulation of Enzymes – 4 ways of regulating an enzyme: 1. Allosteric enzymes have two kinds of binding sites – an active site for the substrate, and a second binding site for an allosteric ...
... Regulation of Enzymes – 4 ways of regulating an enzyme: 1. Allosteric enzymes have two kinds of binding sites – an active site for the substrate, and a second binding site for an allosteric ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... • Acetyl-CoA is converted to 2 CO2 via the eight-step citric acid cycle, generating three NADH, one FADH2, and one ATP (by substrate-level phophorylation). • Intermediates of citric acid cycle are also used as biosynthetic precursors for many other biomolecules, including fatty acids, steroids, amin ...
... • Acetyl-CoA is converted to 2 CO2 via the eight-step citric acid cycle, generating three NADH, one FADH2, and one ATP (by substrate-level phophorylation). • Intermediates of citric acid cycle are also used as biosynthetic precursors for many other biomolecules, including fatty acids, steroids, amin ...
ReadingStudyGuide1.W97
... place, what is the fate of the carbon atoms that are cleaved from the pyruvate in the process of making acetyl CoA? 11. Are ATP and/or NADH produced when pyruvate is converted into Acetyl CoA? If so, how many? 12. Each acetyl CoA has how many carbon atoms in its structure? If both molecules of acety ...
... place, what is the fate of the carbon atoms that are cleaved from the pyruvate in the process of making acetyl CoA? 11. Are ATP and/or NADH produced when pyruvate is converted into Acetyl CoA? If so, how many? 12. Each acetyl CoA has how many carbon atoms in its structure? If both molecules of acety ...
Ch. 9 - Ltcconline.net
... CAC cycle completes oxidation of organic fuels, generates many molecules of NADH and FADH2 1. Coenzyme A helps 2C chain get into the cycle 2. each of these steps is catalyzed by a specific enzyme 3. the electrons are split off and used to reduce an electron carrier, the Cs are cast out as CO2 4. CAC ...
... CAC cycle completes oxidation of organic fuels, generates many molecules of NADH and FADH2 1. Coenzyme A helps 2C chain get into the cycle 2. each of these steps is catalyzed by a specific enzyme 3. the electrons are split off and used to reduce an electron carrier, the Cs are cast out as CO2 4. CAC ...
Chapter 9: How do cells harvest energy?
... 2. above equation is overall; aerobic respiration is actually is series of reactions 3. water is shown on both sides above because it is consumed in some reactions and generated in others 4. the overall process is the same as what you would get from burning glucose (but the energy would all be lost ...
... 2. above equation is overall; aerobic respiration is actually is series of reactions 3. water is shown on both sides above because it is consumed in some reactions and generated in others 4. the overall process is the same as what you would get from burning glucose (but the energy would all be lost ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Ch. 6 Cellular Respiration
... energy hill. • What happens to the energy of the electrons as it falls down the electron transport chain? • The energy is used to pump H+ against their gradient which then come back through ATP synthase to generate ATP ...
... energy hill. • What happens to the energy of the electrons as it falls down the electron transport chain? • The energy is used to pump H+ against their gradient which then come back through ATP synthase to generate ATP ...
Oxidative degradation of glucose File
... • The high-energy phosphate of phosphoenol pyruvate is transferred to ADP by the enzyme pyruvate kinase to generate, at this stage, two molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized and enolpyruvate is formed. • Enolpyruvate formed is converted spontaneousny to the keto form pyruvate. This is an ...
... • The high-energy phosphate of phosphoenol pyruvate is transferred to ADP by the enzyme pyruvate kinase to generate, at this stage, two molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized and enolpyruvate is formed. • Enolpyruvate formed is converted spontaneousny to the keto form pyruvate. This is an ...
All amino acids participate in these reactions at some
... deaminated (release NH3) by a dehydratase enzyme to form pyruvate and propionyl coA respectively. The first step in the catabolism of most amino acids involves the removal of the a-amino group. Once removed, this nitrogen can be incorporated into other compounds or excreted. Nitrogen is transferred ...
... deaminated (release NH3) by a dehydratase enzyme to form pyruvate and propionyl coA respectively. The first step in the catabolism of most amino acids involves the removal of the a-amino group. Once removed, this nitrogen can be incorporated into other compounds or excreted. Nitrogen is transferred ...
Cellular Respiration: - Multiple Choice Questions Answer all
... The diagram below illustrates some of the steps (reactions) of glycolysis in their proper sequence. Each step is lettered. Use the diagram to answer the questions 11 and 12. ...
... The diagram below illustrates some of the steps (reactions) of glycolysis in their proper sequence. Each step is lettered. Use the diagram to answer the questions 11 and 12. ...
Respiration
... NADH and FADH2 (produced during krebs cycle) are stored in the matrix 1. NADH releases protons and electrons on the matrix side A. Protons are pumped into the intermembrance space B. Electrons are transported across the membrane using ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) and cytochrome C ...
... NADH and FADH2 (produced during krebs cycle) are stored in the matrix 1. NADH releases protons and electrons on the matrix side A. Protons are pumped into the intermembrance space B. Electrons are transported across the membrane using ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) and cytochrome C ...
Electron-Transport Chain and ATP production
... Electron-Transport Chain and ATP production Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane where NADH and FADH2 are oxidized back to NAD+ and FAD. They transfer their e- in a series of steps and ultimately to O2: O2 + 4e- + 4H+ → 2H2O The energy released in these e- transfers is used to pump H+ (protons ...
... Electron-Transport Chain and ATP production Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane where NADH and FADH2 are oxidized back to NAD+ and FAD. They transfer their e- in a series of steps and ultimately to O2: O2 + 4e- + 4H+ → 2H2O The energy released in these e- transfers is used to pump H+ (protons ...
Pyruvate Oxidation and the Citric Acid Cycle
... formation of FADH2. Succinyl CoA releases coenzyme A, becoming succinate, the energy thus released converts GDP to GTP, which in turn converts ADP to ATP. ...
... formation of FADH2. Succinyl CoA releases coenzyme A, becoming succinate, the energy thus released converts GDP to GTP, which in turn converts ADP to ATP. ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.