Chapter 17
... 1. Mitochondrion has outer and inner membranes. Inner compartment is called matrix where citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are carried out. 2. Inner membrane is impermeable to most hydrophilic substances, except for O2, CO2 and H2O. 3. NADH produced in cytosol by glycolysis is transpor ...
... 1. Mitochondrion has outer and inner membranes. Inner compartment is called matrix where citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are carried out. 2. Inner membrane is impermeable to most hydrophilic substances, except for O2, CO2 and H2O. 3. NADH produced in cytosol by glycolysis is transpor ...
Cellular Respiration Chapter 9
... through the major pathways of anaerobic and aerobic respiration. I can compare reactants and products for each process. I can account for how aerobic respiration produces more ATP per monosaccharide. ...
... through the major pathways of anaerobic and aerobic respiration. I can compare reactants and products for each process. I can account for how aerobic respiration produces more ATP per monosaccharide. ...
Aerobic vs. Anaerobic respiration
... down glucose when oxygen is absent. Produces CO2 and alcohol Live yeast: undergoing anaerobic fermentation Breaking down glucose to form 2ATP ...
... down glucose when oxygen is absent. Produces CO2 and alcohol Live yeast: undergoing anaerobic fermentation Breaking down glucose to form 2ATP ...
Module 13 Enzymes and Vitamins Lecture 34 Enzymes
... but weak enough to allow the product to depart once it is produced. The amino acids present in the active site also assist in the reaction mechanism. For example, nucleophilic amino acid such as serine is commonly involved in enzymecatalyzed reaction mechanisms and will form covalent bond with the s ...
... but weak enough to allow the product to depart once it is produced. The amino acids present in the active site also assist in the reaction mechanism. For example, nucleophilic amino acid such as serine is commonly involved in enzymecatalyzed reaction mechanisms and will form covalent bond with the s ...
chapter07
... Also known as the Krebs cycle and tricarboxylic acid (TCA). Two acetyl-CoA produced from one glucose molecule enter the citric acid cycle. It takes place in the mitochondrial matrix and a specific enzyme catalyzes each step. The acetate group of acetyl-CoA combines with a 4-C molecule of oxaloacetat ...
... Also known as the Krebs cycle and tricarboxylic acid (TCA). Two acetyl-CoA produced from one glucose molecule enter the citric acid cycle. It takes place in the mitochondrial matrix and a specific enzyme catalyzes each step. The acetate group of acetyl-CoA combines with a 4-C molecule of oxaloacetat ...
Practice Questions
... formed, in part, by the removal of a carbon (CO2) from one molecule of pyruvate? • A) lactate • B) glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate • C) oxaloacetate • D) acetyl CoA • E) citrate ...
... formed, in part, by the removal of a carbon (CO2) from one molecule of pyruvate? • A) lactate • B) glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate • C) oxaloacetate • D) acetyl CoA • E) citrate ...
9.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels
... members of the ETC pass electrons, while passing e- they also accept and release H+. •The concentration of H+ builds up in the intermembrane space. This gradient stores potential E referred to as the ...
... members of the ETC pass electrons, while passing e- they also accept and release H+. •The concentration of H+ builds up in the intermembrane space. This gradient stores potential E referred to as the ...
BLUE PRINT OF CLASS 11 (BIOLOGY) S.E. EXAM
... Q 17. (i)Name the gland of human which acts as exocrine as well as endocrine gland. (ii)Name the hormones secreted by alpha cells and beta cells of this gland. (iii)What are the functions of these hormones? Q 18. Define osmosis and diffusion. How does plasmolysis occur? Q 19. ...
... Q 17. (i)Name the gland of human which acts as exocrine as well as endocrine gland. (ii)Name the hormones secreted by alpha cells and beta cells of this gland. (iii)What are the functions of these hormones? Q 18. Define osmosis and diffusion. How does plasmolysis occur? Q 19. ...
Cell Respiration - Hollidaysburg Area School District
... half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid (pyruvate) Energy input of 2 ATP ...
... half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid (pyruvate) Energy input of 2 ATP ...
Chapter 7
... Goal of respiration produce ATP -energy released from oxidation reaction in form of electrons -electrons shuttled by electron carriers (e.g. NAD+) to an electron transport chain -electron energy converted to ATP at electron transport chain ...
... Goal of respiration produce ATP -energy released from oxidation reaction in form of electrons -electrons shuttled by electron carriers (e.g. NAD+) to an electron transport chain -electron energy converted to ATP at electron transport chain ...
AP Biology Ch 9 Cell Respiration J. Dolce Study Questions Identify
... Identify some specific processes the cell does with ATP. Explain why ATP is such a “high energy” molecule. How does ATP “couple reactions”? What is the name of enzymes which phosphorylate molecules? Define each of the following: a. Oxidation 0 b. Reduction What is the role of NAD+ & FAD+2 in respira ...
... Identify some specific processes the cell does with ATP. Explain why ATP is such a “high energy” molecule. How does ATP “couple reactions”? What is the name of enzymes which phosphorylate molecules? Define each of the following: a. Oxidation 0 b. Reduction What is the role of NAD+ & FAD+2 in respira ...
Redox Reactions in Metabolism Supplemental Reading Key
... enzymes to convert fats to carbohydrates, and therefore, cannot reutilized acetyl-CoA for glucose production when carbohydrate levels are low. Because of this, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is only fully active in animal cells when carbohydrate sources are plentiful. The pyruvate dehydrogenase ...
... enzymes to convert fats to carbohydrates, and therefore, cannot reutilized acetyl-CoA for glucose production when carbohydrate levels are low. Because of this, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is only fully active in animal cells when carbohydrate sources are plentiful. The pyruvate dehydrogenase ...
ppt
... 4. Many biochemical reactions (synthesis of macromolecules) are energetically unfavorable under physiological conditions. How does cell carry out these reactions? 8. Yeast can grow anaerobic or aerobic. For every molecule of glucose consumed, compare number of ATP generated in ...
... 4. Many biochemical reactions (synthesis of macromolecules) are energetically unfavorable under physiological conditions. How does cell carry out these reactions? 8. Yeast can grow anaerobic or aerobic. For every molecule of glucose consumed, compare number of ATP generated in ...
Document
... (Numbers based on per one glucose molecule) b. Events (see figure 2-12): i. Acetate joins the four carbon compound oxaloacetate to form the 6 carbon compound citrate ii. 2 decarboxylation events release 2 CO 2 iii. Four oxidation events generate 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 iv. 1 molecule of ATP is formed via ...
... (Numbers based on per one glucose molecule) b. Events (see figure 2-12): i. Acetate joins the four carbon compound oxaloacetate to form the 6 carbon compound citrate ii. 2 decarboxylation events release 2 CO 2 iii. Four oxidation events generate 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 iv. 1 molecule of ATP is formed via ...
Cell Metabolism
... (Numbers based on per one glucose molecule) b. Events (see figure 2-12): i. Acetate joins the four carbon compound oxaloacetate to form the 6 carbon compound citrate ii. 2 decarboxylation events release 2 CO 2 iii. Four oxidation events generate 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 iv. 1 molecule of ATP is formed via ...
... (Numbers based on per one glucose molecule) b. Events (see figure 2-12): i. Acetate joins the four carbon compound oxaloacetate to form the 6 carbon compound citrate ii. 2 decarboxylation events release 2 CO 2 iii. Four oxidation events generate 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 iv. 1 molecule of ATP is formed via ...
2 ATP`s - Madeira City Schools
... inorganic phosphate group (in the cytoplasm) to both of the oxidized substrates 3. The Phosphate groups on both the Glyceraldehyde phosphates are removed and attached to ADPs to make 2 ...
... inorganic phosphate group (in the cytoplasm) to both of the oxidized substrates 3. The Phosphate groups on both the Glyceraldehyde phosphates are removed and attached to ADPs to make 2 ...
(most also have sulfur) The monomers of proteins are amino acids.
... • They contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (most also have sulfur) • The monomers of proteins are amino acids. ...
... • They contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (most also have sulfur) • The monomers of proteins are amino acids. ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
... 1. Anabolic and catabolic pathways are reciprocally regulated. example: fatty acid synthesis and degradation are not both turned on simultaneously. 2. Catabolic and anabolic pathways that connect the same two end points may use many of the same endpoints but at least one step is catalyzed by differe ...
... 1. Anabolic and catabolic pathways are reciprocally regulated. example: fatty acid synthesis and degradation are not both turned on simultaneously. 2. Catabolic and anabolic pathways that connect the same two end points may use many of the same endpoints but at least one step is catalyzed by differe ...
Answer Key for the Supplemental Problem Set #1
... 4 ADP molecules are converted into ATP. There is a net gain of only 2 ATP molecules because 2 are consumed during the first stage of glycolysis. 3. What are the three metabolically irreversible steps of glycolysis? What general type of reaction is catalyzed by these enzymes? Why are these reactions ...
... 4 ADP molecules are converted into ATP. There is a net gain of only 2 ATP molecules because 2 are consumed during the first stage of glycolysis. 3. What are the three metabolically irreversible steps of glycolysis? What general type of reaction is catalyzed by these enzymes? Why are these reactions ...
No Slide Title - virtualpharmtox.pharmacy.arizona.edu
... nervous system or the “Fight or Flight” system. ...
... nervous system or the “Fight or Flight” system. ...
Regeneration of NAD+ Lactic Acid Fermentation
... • Acetaldehyde is formed from pyruvate by decarboxylation. • Pyruvate decarboxylase has thiamine pyrophosphate as a prosthetic group. • Overall reaction becomes: Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi → 2 ethanol + 2 CO 2 + 2 ATP ...
... • Acetaldehyde is formed from pyruvate by decarboxylation. • Pyruvate decarboxylase has thiamine pyrophosphate as a prosthetic group. • Overall reaction becomes: Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi → 2 ethanol + 2 CO 2 + 2 ATP ...
Solutions - MIT OpenCourseWare
... BPG is at a higher energy level than 3PG. You can infer this because BPG has two phosphate groups as compare to 3PG, which has one phosphate group. Also, the conversion of BPG into 3PG drives the synthesis of ATP. d) The enzyme triose phosphate isomerase, catalyzes step 5. In this step Dihydroxyacet ...
... BPG is at a higher energy level than 3PG. You can infer this because BPG has two phosphate groups as compare to 3PG, which has one phosphate group. Also, the conversion of BPG into 3PG drives the synthesis of ATP. d) The enzyme triose phosphate isomerase, catalyzes step 5. In this step Dihydroxyacet ...
SNAB Topic 7 Test Answers File
... The following symbols are used in the mark schemes for all questions. ; semicolon – indicates the end of a marking point. eq – indicates that credit should be given for other correct alternatives to a word or statement. / oblique – words or phrases separated by an oblique are alternatives to each ot ...
... The following symbols are used in the mark schemes for all questions. ; semicolon – indicates the end of a marking point. eq – indicates that credit should be given for other correct alternatives to a word or statement. / oblique – words or phrases separated by an oblique are alternatives to each ot ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.