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... from the NADH end to the oxygen end. B. This investigation models the protein complexes in the electron transport chain as follows: The electrons are pulled in a direction toward molecules that are most electronegative and away from molecules that are least electronegative. In both this investigatio ...
... from the NADH end to the oxygen end. B. This investigation models the protein complexes in the electron transport chain as follows: The electrons are pulled in a direction toward molecules that are most electronegative and away from molecules that are least electronegative. In both this investigatio ...
Name Date
... 9. Fermentation produces no more ATP beyond the small yield from glycolysis, but the remaining reactions a. regenerate ADP c. dump electrons on an inorganic substance (not oxygen) b. regenerate NAD+ d. generate water 10. In certain organisms & under certain conditions, ________ can be used as an ene ...
... 9. Fermentation produces no more ATP beyond the small yield from glycolysis, but the remaining reactions a. regenerate ADP c. dump electrons on an inorganic substance (not oxygen) b. regenerate NAD+ d. generate water 10. In certain organisms & under certain conditions, ________ can be used as an ene ...
Chapter 7 – How Cells Release Stored Energy
... ATP synthases NADH is shuttled down the e- carriers Oxygen is the final e- (H) acceptor forming H2O Proteins shuttle H+ across the membrane The greater the gradient the more potential E H+ are passed through ATP synthase which catalyzes the formation of about 34 ATP ...
... ATP synthases NADH is shuttled down the e- carriers Oxygen is the final e- (H) acceptor forming H2O Proteins shuttle H+ across the membrane The greater the gradient the more potential E H+ are passed through ATP synthase which catalyzes the formation of about 34 ATP ...
Enzyme Shape
... The shape of an enzyme is very important because it has a direct effect on how it catalyzes a reaction. Why do enzymes have different shapes? An enzyme’s shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids in its structure, and the bonds which form between the atoms of those molecules. Different type ...
... The shape of an enzyme is very important because it has a direct effect on how it catalyzes a reaction. Why do enzymes have different shapes? An enzyme’s shape is determined by the sequence of amino acids in its structure, and the bonds which form between the atoms of those molecules. Different type ...
chap16
... during oxidative phosphorylation, a NADH molecule can yield 2.5 ATPs and a FADH2 can yield 1.5 ATPs. So when both pyruvate molecules are oxidized to 6 CO2 via the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the citric acid cycle, and the electrons are transferred to O2 via oxidative phosphorylation, as many ...
... during oxidative phosphorylation, a NADH molecule can yield 2.5 ATPs and a FADH2 can yield 1.5 ATPs. So when both pyruvate molecules are oxidized to 6 CO2 via the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the citric acid cycle, and the electrons are transferred to O2 via oxidative phosphorylation, as many ...
Cellular Respiration PowerPoint review
... drives metabolism in living things ATP releases energy when converted into ADP ...
... drives metabolism in living things ATP releases energy when converted into ADP ...
Chapter 5: Microbial Metabolism (Part I)
... (O2 or other inorganic compounds). Occurs on membranes (plasma membrane of procaryotes or inner mitochondrial membrane of eucaryotes). ATP is generated through chemiosmosis. Generates most of the ATP in aerobic respiration. ...
... (O2 or other inorganic compounds). Occurs on membranes (plasma membrane of procaryotes or inner mitochondrial membrane of eucaryotes). ATP is generated through chemiosmosis. Generates most of the ATP in aerobic respiration. ...
SB3a
... Fermentation and its products are important in several ways. –______________________________ is similar to lactic acid fermentation. –glycolysis splits glucose and the products enter fermentation –energy from NADH is used to split pyruvate into an alcohol and carbon dioxide –NADH is changed back int ...
... Fermentation and its products are important in several ways. –______________________________ is similar to lactic acid fermentation. –glycolysis splits glucose and the products enter fermentation –energy from NADH is used to split pyruvate into an alcohol and carbon dioxide –NADH is changed back int ...
Chapter 7 Notes - MDC Faculty Home Pages
... • Intermediate electron carriers serve to shuttle electrons through these reactions, transferring energy as they go. – NAD+ (empty city cab) in redox reaction is an oxidizing agent (removes electrons causing a substance to be oxidized); it accepts a hydrogen atom and one electron becomes NADH (full ...
... • Intermediate electron carriers serve to shuttle electrons through these reactions, transferring energy as they go. – NAD+ (empty city cab) in redox reaction is an oxidizing agent (removes electrons causing a substance to be oxidized); it accepts a hydrogen atom and one electron becomes NADH (full ...
Seminar II
... in the inner membrane. Electron flow is accompanied by proton transfer across the membrane, producing both a chemical gradient (ΔpH ) and an electrical gradient (Δψ). The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons; protons can reenter the matrix only through proton-specific channels (Fo) ...
... in the inner membrane. Electron flow is accompanied by proton transfer across the membrane, producing both a chemical gradient (ΔpH ) and an electrical gradient (Δψ). The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons; protons can reenter the matrix only through proton-specific channels (Fo) ...
Bauman Chapter 1 Answers to Critical Thinking Questions
... ions across a membrane, creating a concentration differential which is then used to drive ATP synthesis. Photophosphorylation uses light energy to pump the ions, and is essentially a cyclic process as long as light energy is available. The energy of oxidative phosphorylation is derived from the cata ...
... ions across a membrane, creating a concentration differential which is then used to drive ATP synthesis. Photophosphorylation uses light energy to pump the ions, and is essentially a cyclic process as long as light energy is available. The energy of oxidative phosphorylation is derived from the cata ...
Cellular Respiration CPB
... uses H-E e- from Krebs to convert ADP ATP eukaryotes: series of proteins embedded in the inner membrane of mitochondrion prokaryotes: same chain in cell membrane H-E e- move from 1 carrier protein to the next E is used to move H ions across membrane (ATP synthase) every rotation of ATPas ...
... uses H-E e- from Krebs to convert ADP ATP eukaryotes: series of proteins embedded in the inner membrane of mitochondrion prokaryotes: same chain in cell membrane H-E e- move from 1 carrier protein to the next E is used to move H ions across membrane (ATP synthase) every rotation of ATPas ...
Cell Respiration Notes Kelly
... Each NADH makes 3 ATP (drops its electrons at top of ETC; hits all 3 proton pumps) Each FADH2 makes 2 ATP (drops its electrons at Q; skips 1st proton pump; so makes less ATP) Electrons passing down ETC provide energy for pumping H + ions into INTERMEMBRANE SPACE Final electron acceptor at end of ETC ...
... Each NADH makes 3 ATP (drops its electrons at top of ETC; hits all 3 proton pumps) Each FADH2 makes 2 ATP (drops its electrons at Q; skips 1st proton pump; so makes less ATP) Electrons passing down ETC provide energy for pumping H + ions into INTERMEMBRANE SPACE Final electron acceptor at end of ETC ...
Cell Respiration Notes
... Each NADH makes 3 ATP (drops its electrons at top of ETC; hits all 3 proton pumps) Each FADH2 makes 2 ATP (drops its electrons at Q; skips 1st proton pump; so makes less ATP) Electrons passing down ETC provide energy for pumping H + ions into INTERMEMBRANE SPACE Final electron acceptor at end of ETC ...
... Each NADH makes 3 ATP (drops its electrons at top of ETC; hits all 3 proton pumps) Each FADH2 makes 2 ATP (drops its electrons at Q; skips 1st proton pump; so makes less ATP) Electrons passing down ETC provide energy for pumping H + ions into INTERMEMBRANE SPACE Final electron acceptor at end of ETC ...
Chapter 7
... these organisms need to rely on food for the making of energy (ATP) use oxygen and the molecules in food to make the food ...
... these organisms need to rely on food for the making of energy (ATP) use oxygen and the molecules in food to make the food ...
cellular respiration - wlhs.wlwv.k12.or.us
... 1) Glycolysis (breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate) 2) The Citric Acid Cycle, a.k.a. Krebs Cycle (completes the breakdown of glucose) 3) E.T.C. & Oxidative phosphorylation (accounts for most of the ATP synthesis) ...
... 1) Glycolysis (breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate) 2) The Citric Acid Cycle, a.k.a. Krebs Cycle (completes the breakdown of glucose) 3) E.T.C. & Oxidative phosphorylation (accounts for most of the ATP synthesis) ...
Biological importance of Uronic Acid Pathway
... Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (sometimes also called G6PD deficiency, or favism) is a hereditary disease. As it is linked to the X chromosome, most people who suffer from it are male. Sufferers can not make the enzyme glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase. This will mean the circulation o ...
... Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (sometimes also called G6PD deficiency, or favism) is a hereditary disease. As it is linked to the X chromosome, most people who suffer from it are male. Sufferers can not make the enzyme glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase. This will mean the circulation o ...
Cellular Respiration PPT
... drives metabolism in living things ATP releases energy when converted into ADP ...
... drives metabolism in living things ATP releases energy when converted into ADP ...
2421_Ch5.ppt
... Coupling of these reactions is made possible through ATP So… what does he mean by coupling?” energy retrieved from catabolism is stored in ATP and later released to drive anabolic reactions ...
... Coupling of these reactions is made possible through ATP So… what does he mean by coupling?” energy retrieved from catabolism is stored in ATP and later released to drive anabolic reactions ...
A chemist has discovered a drug that blocks
... How are these 2 reactions similar? 20. In the presence of a metabolic poison that specifically and completely inhibit the function of mitochondrial ATP synthase, how would you expect the pH difference to change across the inner mitochondrial membrane? What would be the ultimate fate of ATP productio ...
... How are these 2 reactions similar? 20. In the presence of a metabolic poison that specifically and completely inhibit the function of mitochondrial ATP synthase, how would you expect the pH difference to change across the inner mitochondrial membrane? What would be the ultimate fate of ATP productio ...
Derived copy of Bis2A 07.2 Fermentation
... In glycolysis, NAD+ is converted to NADH; what happens to the NADH produced? During glycolysis NAD+ is reduced to NADH and glucose is oxidized to pyruvate. During this process the cells must regenerate NAD+ by a second redox reaction. In respiration, this occurs when NADH is used ...
... In glycolysis, NAD+ is converted to NADH; what happens to the NADH produced? During glycolysis NAD+ is reduced to NADH and glucose is oxidized to pyruvate. During this process the cells must regenerate NAD+ by a second redox reaction. In respiration, this occurs when NADH is used ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... Electron acceptors in the chain accept NADH/FADH2 electrons. As electrons pass down a series of molecules to O2 – the O2 combines with H atoms to form H2O and ATP. YIELD: 10 NADH converts to 30 ATP, 2 FADH2 converts to 4 ATP Remember – FADH produces 2 ATP, NADH produces 3 ATP ...
... Electron acceptors in the chain accept NADH/FADH2 electrons. As electrons pass down a series of molecules to O2 – the O2 combines with H atoms to form H2O and ATP. YIELD: 10 NADH converts to 30 ATP, 2 FADH2 converts to 4 ATP Remember – FADH produces 2 ATP, NADH produces 3 ATP ...
Clinical biochemistry (9) Enzymes and isoenzymes
... altering the reaction equilibrium (b) being required in minute quantity (c) being not consumed in the overall reaction. 3) They act as catalysts. 4) They are very specific for their substrates. 5) They possess active sites at which interaction with substrate occurs. 6) They are responsible for lower ...
... altering the reaction equilibrium (b) being required in minute quantity (c) being not consumed in the overall reaction. 3) They act as catalysts. 4) They are very specific for their substrates. 5) They possess active sites at which interaction with substrate occurs. 6) They are responsible for lower ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.