Cellular Respiration:
... molecules per glucose molecule. It takes place in the cytoplasm (outside mitochondria). Glycolysis in your cells and glycolysis in bacterial cells is almost identical, strongly inferring that glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that was present in the nebulous common ancestor of all life. There are ma ...
... molecules per glucose molecule. It takes place in the cytoplasm (outside mitochondria). Glycolysis in your cells and glycolysis in bacterial cells is almost identical, strongly inferring that glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that was present in the nebulous common ancestor of all life. There are ma ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Fates of Pyruvate from glycolysis (2
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION Metabolism—the sum of all biochemical reactions in an organism or cell. a) anabolic—synthesis of compounds; an example is photosynthesis b) catabolic—breakdown of compounds; an example is cellular respiration Metabolic pathways—are the steps (enzymes, substrates and products) us ...
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION Metabolism—the sum of all biochemical reactions in an organism or cell. a) anabolic—synthesis of compounds; an example is photosynthesis b) catabolic—breakdown of compounds; an example is cellular respiration Metabolic pathways—are the steps (enzymes, substrates and products) us ...
Metabolism: the chemical reactions of a cell
... Oxidation state of carbon in methane (CH4): Not charged, so numbers add up to 0. So if all the H = 4 x 1 = +4, then C must be -4. For CO2, 2 x -2 = -4; no net charge, then C must be = +4. Observe the origin of the term “reduced”: If carbon dioxide is ‘reduced” to methane (carbon accepts electrons), ...
... Oxidation state of carbon in methane (CH4): Not charged, so numbers add up to 0. So if all the H = 4 x 1 = +4, then C must be -4. For CO2, 2 x -2 = -4; no net charge, then C must be = +4. Observe the origin of the term “reduced”: If carbon dioxide is ‘reduced” to methane (carbon accepts electrons), ...
Chapters11-Glycolysis-2014
... Series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy. It works by the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into CO2 and G in the form of ATP. The cycle also provides precursors of certain amino acids and of NADH that is used in numerous other bi ...
... Series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy. It works by the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into CO2 and G in the form of ATP. The cycle also provides precursors of certain amino acids and of NADH that is used in numerous other bi ...
Cell Respiration RG
... 2. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent. ...
... 2. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent. ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... is released and subsequently captured and used by ATP synthase complexes to produce ATP. – oxidative phosphorylation ...
... is released and subsequently captured and used by ATP synthase complexes to produce ATP. – oxidative phosphorylation ...
lab 3 enzymes F09
... a difference of 1 unit represents a 10-fold change in concentration of hydrogen ions Solution of pH 3 is 10 times more acidic than a solution of pH 4 and 100 times more acidic than a solution of pH 5 ...
... a difference of 1 unit represents a 10-fold change in concentration of hydrogen ions Solution of pH 3 is 10 times more acidic than a solution of pH 4 and 100 times more acidic than a solution of pH 5 ...
Name - wvhs.wlwv.k12.or.us
... 9) In Reaction 7, succinyl CoA reacts with ADP and Pi to form ATP and succinate. 10) In Reaction 8, succinate encounters FAD and these react to form another energy carrier, ...
... 9) In Reaction 7, succinyl CoA reacts with ADP and Pi to form ATP and succinate. 10) In Reaction 8, succinate encounters FAD and these react to form another energy carrier, ...
Biology STAAR EOC Review Sheets Alief
... is produced in the shoot system’s leaves. It is transported to the darker side. As the dark side grows, the plant bends toward the light. ...
... is produced in the shoot system’s leaves. It is transported to the darker side. As the dark side grows, the plant bends toward the light. ...
Document
... • NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the ETC • ETC series of electron carriers located in cristae of mitochondria • energy from electrons transferred to ________________ • ATP synthase catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP • water is formed ...
... • NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the ETC • ETC series of electron carriers located in cristae of mitochondria • energy from electrons transferred to ________________ • ATP synthase catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP • water is formed ...
ENZYMES Worksheet 1. What is an enzyme?
... ______ 5. Enzymes are not able to withstand temperatures higher than 50°C. ______ 6. Enzymes are able to reduce the activation energy of chemical reactions in the body. ______ 7. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions; however, they are consumed by the reaction. ______ 8. No enzymes are present in the ...
... ______ 5. Enzymes are not able to withstand temperatures higher than 50°C. ______ 6. Enzymes are able to reduce the activation energy of chemical reactions in the body. ______ 7. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions; however, they are consumed by the reaction. ______ 8. No enzymes are present in the ...
Metabolism: the chemical reactions of a cell
... Oxidation state of carbon in methane (CH4): Not charged, so numbers add up to 0. So if all the H = 4 x +1 = +4, then C must be -4. For CO2, 2 x -2 = -4; no net charge, then C must be = +4. Observe the origin of the term “reduced”: If carbon dioxide is ‘reduced” to methane (carbon accepts electrons), ...
... Oxidation state of carbon in methane (CH4): Not charged, so numbers add up to 0. So if all the H = 4 x +1 = +4, then C must be -4. For CO2, 2 x -2 = -4; no net charge, then C must be = +4. Observe the origin of the term “reduced”: If carbon dioxide is ‘reduced” to methane (carbon accepts electrons), ...
Document
... Humans and bacteria that make yogurt produce another product through fermenataion, namely _______. ...
... Humans and bacteria that make yogurt produce another product through fermenataion, namely _______. ...
No Slide Title
... Highly specific Reaction occurs in ___________ of enzyme Substance acted upon = __________ Resulting species = _____________ Enzyme acts on forward and reverse reactions Activity depends on protein’s native structure Regulated - by concentrations of substrate and substances other than substrate ...
... Highly specific Reaction occurs in ___________ of enzyme Substance acted upon = __________ Resulting species = _____________ Enzyme acts on forward and reverse reactions Activity depends on protein’s native structure Regulated - by concentrations of substrate and substances other than substrate ...
INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY BI 28 Second Midterm
... 22. [2] During polysaccharide breakdown, glycogen and starch are converted to _glucose 1phosphate_ by the enzyme ___glycogen phosphorylase_______. 23. [4] Indicate whether the following statements about fatty acid catabolism are true of false by circling T or F. T / F hydrolysis of glycerolipids rel ...
... 22. [2] During polysaccharide breakdown, glycogen and starch are converted to _glucose 1phosphate_ by the enzyme ___glycogen phosphorylase_______. 23. [4] Indicate whether the following statements about fatty acid catabolism are true of false by circling T or F. T / F hydrolysis of glycerolipids rel ...
The Electron Transport Chain Chemiosmosis
... “The oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide releases approximately 277.4 kcal of energy. If all of this energy is released at one time, then most of it would be lost as heat. Burning the energy all at once would be akin to igniting your gas tank in order to run your car, rather than burning small am ...
... “The oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide releases approximately 277.4 kcal of energy. If all of this energy is released at one time, then most of it would be lost as heat. Burning the energy all at once would be akin to igniting your gas tank in order to run your car, rather than burning small am ...
Study Guide for Cellular Respiration Answers
... 22. ATP is adenosine tri phosphate a high energy molecule. 23. oxaloacetic acid and acetyl CoA come together to form citric acid. 24. ATP synthesis is the addition of a third phosphate group to ADP. 25. Glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, Electron Transport Chain 26. During Glycolysis glucose is broken down t ...
... 22. ATP is adenosine tri phosphate a high energy molecule. 23. oxaloacetic acid and acetyl CoA come together to form citric acid. 24. ATP synthesis is the addition of a third phosphate group to ADP. 25. Glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, Electron Transport Chain 26. During Glycolysis glucose is broken down t ...
ATP - Mhanafi123`s Blog
... malate dehydrogenase Enzyme glyceraldehyde 3P dehydrogenase required NAD+ in function ...
... malate dehydrogenase Enzyme glyceraldehyde 3P dehydrogenase required NAD+ in function ...
October 26 AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science
... C) the muscles require extremely high levels of oxygen to function. D) the muscle cells cannot split glucose to pyruvate. E) the muscles require extremely large amounts of carbon dioxide to function. ...
... C) the muscles require extremely high levels of oxygen to function. D) the muscle cells cannot split glucose to pyruvate. E) the muscles require extremely large amounts of carbon dioxide to function. ...
The Citric acid cycle
... Martius and Knoop showed that pyruvate and oxaloacetate could form citrate non-enzymatically by the addition of peroxide under basic conditions. Krebs showed that succinate is formed from fumarate, malate or oxaloacetate. This is interesting since it was shown that the other way worked as well!! Py ...
... Martius and Knoop showed that pyruvate and oxaloacetate could form citrate non-enzymatically by the addition of peroxide under basic conditions. Krebs showed that succinate is formed from fumarate, malate or oxaloacetate. This is interesting since it was shown that the other way worked as well!! Py ...
First Homework Assignment
... biological information for binding proteins. It also means that it would take a huge range of enzymes to hydrolyze all possible connections. Experimentally, carbohydrates are the most difficult macromolecule to characterize. 3. a. Since exercise can increase blood lactate, rest is a more stable defi ...
... biological information for binding proteins. It also means that it would take a huge range of enzymes to hydrolyze all possible connections. Experimentally, carbohydrates are the most difficult macromolecule to characterize. 3. a. Since exercise can increase blood lactate, rest is a more stable defi ...
Chap 5 Study Guide
... 3. Describe the structure of ATP and why it is important. Enzymes: 4. Explain the collision theory and how it relates to activation energy. 5. Identify the general role of enzymes. 6. Draw a table listing the components of enzymes – be sure to differentiate between a holoenzyme, an apoenzyme, a cofa ...
... 3. Describe the structure of ATP and why it is important. Enzymes: 4. Explain the collision theory and how it relates to activation energy. 5. Identify the general role of enzymes. 6. Draw a table listing the components of enzymes – be sure to differentiate between a holoenzyme, an apoenzyme, a cofa ...
1 Metabolism Metabolic pathways
... – Direction is regulated by phosphofructokinase versus fructose1,6-bisphosphatase (which reverses it). Don't want both, since that would produce energy consuming futile cycles! ...
... – Direction is regulated by phosphofructokinase versus fructose1,6-bisphosphatase (which reverses it). Don't want both, since that would produce energy consuming futile cycles! ...
Reagent Grade Enzymes for Nitrate Determination
... Enzymes are proteins that function as catalysts. They tend to be large and complex molecules, often with attached “cofactors” that facilitate catalytic function. Some B vitamins are enzyme cofactors; others are metal complexes such as hemoglobin or chlorophyll. Enzymes are named and grouped by catal ...
... Enzymes are proteins that function as catalysts. They tend to be large and complex molecules, often with attached “cofactors” that facilitate catalytic function. Some B vitamins are enzyme cofactors; others are metal complexes such as hemoglobin or chlorophyll. Enzymes are named and grouped by catal ...
GLUCONEOGENESIS
... Pyruvate Kinase (last step of Glycolysis) catalyzes: phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP pyruvate + ATP For bypass of the Pyruvate Kinase reaction, cleavage of 2 ~P bonds is required. DG for cleavage of one ~P bond of ATP is insufficient to drive synthesis of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). PEP has a higher ...
... Pyruvate Kinase (last step of Glycolysis) catalyzes: phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP pyruvate + ATP For bypass of the Pyruvate Kinase reaction, cleavage of 2 ~P bonds is required. DG for cleavage of one ~P bond of ATP is insufficient to drive synthesis of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). PEP has a higher ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.