Unit 2 Metabolism and Survival Summary
... glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm is called glycolysis. The phosphorylation of intermediates in glycolysis in an energy investment phase leading to the direct generation of more ATP in an energy pay-off stage giving a net gain of ATP. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is broken down to an acety ...
... glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm is called glycolysis. The phosphorylation of intermediates in glycolysis in an energy investment phase leading to the direct generation of more ATP in an energy pay-off stage giving a net gain of ATP. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is broken down to an acety ...
Unit 2 Metabolism and Survival Summary
... Anabolic (energy requiring) and catabolic (energy releasing) pathways can have reversible or irreversible steps and alternative routes. Membranes form surfaces and compartments for metabolic pathways to allow high concentrations and reaction rates. Protein pores, pumps and enzymes are embedded in th ...
... Anabolic (energy requiring) and catabolic (energy releasing) pathways can have reversible or irreversible steps and alternative routes. Membranes form surfaces and compartments for metabolic pathways to allow high concentrations and reaction rates. Protein pores, pumps and enzymes are embedded in th ...
Ethanol
... breath, sweat and urine 2. ~ 90% ethanol removed by oxidation 3. Most of this ethanol oxidation occurs in the liver 4. Ethanol cannot be stored in the liver 5. No major feedback mechanisms to pace the rate of ethanol metabolism to the physiological conditions of the liver cell 6. Kinetics are zero-o ...
... breath, sweat and urine 2. ~ 90% ethanol removed by oxidation 3. Most of this ethanol oxidation occurs in the liver 4. Ethanol cannot be stored in the liver 5. No major feedback mechanisms to pace the rate of ethanol metabolism to the physiological conditions of the liver cell 6. Kinetics are zero-o ...
Ch. 4 Outline
... State the importance of the oxidation of glucose. 4.5: Cellular Respiration Describe how the reactions and pathways of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain capture the energy in nutrient molecules. Discuss how glucose is stored, rather than broken down. 4.6: Nucl ...
... State the importance of the oxidation of glucose. 4.5: Cellular Respiration Describe how the reactions and pathways of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain capture the energy in nutrient molecules. Discuss how glucose is stored, rather than broken down. 4.6: Nucl ...
this lecture as PDF here
... uncatalysed reactions and several times greater than those of the corresponding chemically catalysed reactions. ...
... uncatalysed reactions and several times greater than those of the corresponding chemically catalysed reactions. ...
Glycolysis Embden-Meyerhoff pathway
... Used for energy production • Production of intermediates for other pathways • Found in tissues with limited blood supply ...
... Used for energy production • Production of intermediates for other pathways • Found in tissues with limited blood supply ...
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and Cytochrome chain
... Occurs in and involves the enzymes in the matrix of the mitochondria. Acetyl Co A then enters the Krebs citric acid cycle (stage 2) ( tri-carboxylic acid cycle, TCA), where a series of compounds beginning with citric acid (C6) undergoes oxidative decarboxylation to produce C5 and C4 compounds. The p ...
... Occurs in and involves the enzymes in the matrix of the mitochondria. Acetyl Co A then enters the Krebs citric acid cycle (stage 2) ( tri-carboxylic acid cycle, TCA), where a series of compounds beginning with citric acid (C6) undergoes oxidative decarboxylation to produce C5 and C4 compounds. The p ...
Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration
... “The oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide releases approximately 277.4 kcal of energy. If all of this energy is released at one time, then most of it would be lost as heat. Burning the energy all at once would be akin to igniting your gas tank in order to run your car, rather than burning small am ...
... “The oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide releases approximately 277.4 kcal of energy. If all of this energy is released at one time, then most of it would be lost as heat. Burning the energy all at once would be akin to igniting your gas tank in order to run your car, rather than burning small am ...
Valine Mydrogenase from Streptmzyces fiadipe
... centrifugation at 4OOO g at +4 "C (5 min), washed with icecold distilled water and centrifuged at 2OOOOg at 4 "C for 30 min. The mycelium was disintegratedin a Biox X-Pressat -25 "C and at a pressure of 300 MPa. Broken cells were suspended in 0.1 ~-Tris/HClbuffer, pH 7-4, and after 40 min the homoge ...
... centrifugation at 4OOO g at +4 "C (5 min), washed with icecold distilled water and centrifuged at 2OOOOg at 4 "C for 30 min. The mycelium was disintegratedin a Biox X-Pressat -25 "C and at a pressure of 300 MPa. Broken cells were suspended in 0.1 ~-Tris/HClbuffer, pH 7-4, and after 40 min the homoge ...
BCH 3033 General Biochemistry EXAM 5 Name: Fall, 2012
... 4. acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. a. 1,2,3,4. b. 4,1,3,2. c. 4,3,1,2. d. 1,4,3,2. e. 4,2,3,1. 17. Activation of fatty acid in the cytoplasm for $-oxidation requires energy which is equivalent to: a. 1 ATP. b. 2 ATPs. c. 3 ATPs. d. 4 ATPs. e. 1 NADH. 18. Ketone bodies are formed in the liver and transported ...
... 4. acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. a. 1,2,3,4. b. 4,1,3,2. c. 4,3,1,2. d. 1,4,3,2. e. 4,2,3,1. 17. Activation of fatty acid in the cytoplasm for $-oxidation requires energy which is equivalent to: a. 1 ATP. b. 2 ATPs. c. 3 ATPs. d. 4 ATPs. e. 1 NADH. 18. Ketone bodies are formed in the liver and transported ...
Respiration - Goffs School
... In the first stage of respiration which occurs in the .............. of the cell, glucose is .............. to pyruvic acid. Glycolysis yields .............. and reduced coenzyme. The pyruvic acid then combines with coenzyme A to form ................ which enters the Kreb's cycle which occurs in th ...
... In the first stage of respiration which occurs in the .............. of the cell, glucose is .............. to pyruvic acid. Glycolysis yields .............. and reduced coenzyme. The pyruvic acid then combines with coenzyme A to form ................ which enters the Kreb's cycle which occurs in th ...
Solution Worksheet Respiration
... Chemical reactions that involve the loss of hydrogen and electrons are called oxidation reactions. Chemical reactions that result in the uptake of hydrogen and electrons are called reduction reactions. In general, the breaking down of larger molecules into smaller molecules are oxidation reactions. ...
... Chemical reactions that involve the loss of hydrogen and electrons are called oxidation reactions. Chemical reactions that result in the uptake of hydrogen and electrons are called reduction reactions. In general, the breaking down of larger molecules into smaller molecules are oxidation reactions. ...
The Citric Acid Cycle - Alfred State College
... Except succinate dehydrogenase, which is located in the inner membrane ...
... Except succinate dehydrogenase, which is located in the inner membrane ...
The Citric acid cycle (2)
... – So, components of the cycle have a direct or indirect controlling effects in key enzymes of other pathways. ...
... – So, components of the cycle have a direct or indirect controlling effects in key enzymes of other pathways. ...
ToothpickasePreLab
... chart should be detailed enough that an elementary school student can follow them and complete the lab. ...
... chart should be detailed enough that an elementary school student can follow them and complete the lab. ...
Chapter 5, part A
... • Entner-Doudoroff pathway: – Produces NADPH and ATP – Does not involve glycolysis – Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Agrobacterium ...
... • Entner-Doudoroff pathway: – Produces NADPH and ATP – Does not involve glycolysis – Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Agrobacterium ...
Proteins are made of subunits called amino acids and are
... E. What are some other foods that would be a good source of protein? _____________________________ ...
... E. What are some other foods that would be a good source of protein? _____________________________ ...
8.4 Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions by
... response of enzymes to substrates Feedback inhibition: a metabolic pathway is switched off by the inhibitory binding of its end product to an enzyme that acts early in the ...
... response of enzymes to substrates Feedback inhibition: a metabolic pathway is switched off by the inhibitory binding of its end product to an enzyme that acts early in the ...
citric acid cycle - usmle step 1 and 2 for android
... Citrate is freely permeable across the mitochondrial membrane It serves as a good source of cytosolic acetyl CoA which is used for synthesis of fatty acids Citrate inhibits phosphofructokinase and activates acetyl CoA carboxylase 2 & 3. Citrate is isomerized to isocitrate by enzyme aconitase ...
... Citrate is freely permeable across the mitochondrial membrane It serves as a good source of cytosolic acetyl CoA which is used for synthesis of fatty acids Citrate inhibits phosphofructokinase and activates acetyl CoA carboxylase 2 & 3. Citrate is isomerized to isocitrate by enzyme aconitase ...
1. Organisms that synthesize organic molecules from inorganic
... 2. Which name is another name for the Krebs cycle? a) chemiosmotic cycle b) mediated transport cycle c) Calvin cycle d) citric acid cycle 3. Of which mechanism is the electron transport chain an instance? a) homeostasis b) chemiosmosis c) mediated transport d) active transport 4. What is the functio ...
... 2. Which name is another name for the Krebs cycle? a) chemiosmotic cycle b) mediated transport cycle c) Calvin cycle d) citric acid cycle 3. Of which mechanism is the electron transport chain an instance? a) homeostasis b) chemiosmosis c) mediated transport d) active transport 4. What is the functio ...
Microbial Metabolism
... Carbon Fixation - recycling of carbon in the environment (Life as we known is dependant on this) ...
... Carbon Fixation - recycling of carbon in the environment (Life as we known is dependant on this) ...
Ch 7 outline
... into three stages. 2. In the first stage, acetyl-CoA joins the cycle, binding to a four-carbon molecule to produce a six-carbon molecule. 3. Second, two carbons are removed as CO2, their electrons donated to NAD+, and a fourcarbon molecule is left. 4. Third, more electrons are extracted and taken aw ...
... into three stages. 2. In the first stage, acetyl-CoA joins the cycle, binding to a four-carbon molecule to produce a six-carbon molecule. 3. Second, two carbons are removed as CO2, their electrons donated to NAD+, and a fourcarbon molecule is left. 4. Third, more electrons are extracted and taken aw ...
Advanced Cellular Respiration Worksheet
... 8. For every NADH and every FADH2 molecule oxidized in the electron transport chain of the mitochondria, how many ATP are generated (the two compounds do not result in the exact same amount of ATP produced. Your textbooks may report slightly different numbers depending on how up-to-date it is). 1 NA ...
... 8. For every NADH and every FADH2 molecule oxidized in the electron transport chain of the mitochondria, how many ATP are generated (the two compounds do not result in the exact same amount of ATP produced. Your textbooks may report slightly different numbers depending on how up-to-date it is). 1 NA ...
Fig. 5-1
... During glycolysis H atoms are transferred to NAD or FAD. These transfer the H atoms to electron carriers embedded in the cell membrane of bacteria or in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Eventually these electrons combine with the final electron acceptor, oxygen, to form water. The arrangemen ...
... During glycolysis H atoms are transferred to NAD or FAD. These transfer the H atoms to electron carriers embedded in the cell membrane of bacteria or in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Eventually these electrons combine with the final electron acceptor, oxygen, to form water. The arrangemen ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.