Mitochondria
... 3. Intermembrane space • Between the outer membrane and the inner membrane • the concentrations of molecules in the intermembrane space is the same as in the cytosol ...
... 3. Intermembrane space • Between the outer membrane and the inner membrane • the concentrations of molecules in the intermembrane space is the same as in the cytosol ...
ETC_2012 Quiz
... tail found in CoQ? A. The isoprenoid tail makes CoQ lipophilic -allowing it to diffuse through the mitochondrial membrane ...
... tail found in CoQ? A. The isoprenoid tail makes CoQ lipophilic -allowing it to diffuse through the mitochondrial membrane ...
cell respiration wilk hl ibdp
... electrons to Oxygen (terminal e acceptor) and water is formed as an end product. ...
... electrons to Oxygen (terminal e acceptor) and water is formed as an end product. ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Convert energy to forms usable by cells – Chemical bond energy ATP energy – ATP via chemiosmosis; NADH via redox reaction – Electron transport – Electrochemical proton concentration gradient ...
... • Convert energy to forms usable by cells – Chemical bond energy ATP energy – ATP via chemiosmosis; NADH via redox reaction – Electron transport – Electrochemical proton concentration gradient ...
Microbial Metabolism Overview
... -energy is released by an electron during its transfer from one compound to another -this energy is captured → converted into high energy bonds on ATP B. Energy storage molecules ATP, NADH, NADPH, FADH ex. NADH – reduced, NAD+ - oxidized these molecules carry energy from cell respiration to the elec ...
... -energy is released by an electron during its transfer from one compound to another -this energy is captured → converted into high energy bonds on ATP B. Energy storage molecules ATP, NADH, NADPH, FADH ex. NADH – reduced, NAD+ - oxidized these molecules carry energy from cell respiration to the elec ...
Slide 1
... – 6-C citrate then passes through a series of redox reactions that regenerate oxaloacetate (4-C molecule ) – Glucose is completely oxidized in this phase – For one turn of the cycle products are 3 NADH, 1 FADH2 , 1 ATP (by SLP), 2 CO2 ...
... – 6-C citrate then passes through a series of redox reactions that regenerate oxaloacetate (4-C molecule ) – Glucose is completely oxidized in this phase – For one turn of the cycle products are 3 NADH, 1 FADH2 , 1 ATP (by SLP), 2 CO2 ...
Unit 06 Lecture Notes: Metabolism and Respiration
... C. Oxidative Phosphorylation: Occurs in inner membrane (crista) of mitochondria 1) Electrons from NADH and FADH2 passed through membrane to O2 (final electron acceptor). a) Flow of electrons used to pump hydrogens out into intermembrane space. b) Hydrogens flow back through enzyme, energy produced f ...
... C. Oxidative Phosphorylation: Occurs in inner membrane (crista) of mitochondria 1) Electrons from NADH and FADH2 passed through membrane to O2 (final electron acceptor). a) Flow of electrons used to pump hydrogens out into intermembrane space. b) Hydrogens flow back through enzyme, energy produced f ...
k - upatras eclass - Πανεπιστήμιο Πατρών
... Archaea exhibit a great variety of chemical reactions in their metabolism and use many different sources of energy. These forms of metabolism are classified into nutritional groups, depending on the source of energy and the source of carbon. Some archaea obtain their energy from inorganic compounds ...
... Archaea exhibit a great variety of chemical reactions in their metabolism and use many different sources of energy. These forms of metabolism are classified into nutritional groups, depending on the source of energy and the source of carbon. Some archaea obtain their energy from inorganic compounds ...
Fermentation
... • NAD+ is almost always reduced to NADH • Remember that metabolism involves the oxidation of the substrate. These electrons are removed from the organic molecule and most often given to NAD. (This is true both in fermentation and respiration). ...
... • NAD+ is almost always reduced to NADH • Remember that metabolism involves the oxidation of the substrate. These electrons are removed from the organic molecule and most often given to NAD. (This is true both in fermentation and respiration). ...
Document
... Under anaerobic conditions, such as during exercise or in red blood cells (no mitochondria), pyruvate is reduced to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase producing NAD. Lactate can be converted back to glucose in the Cori Cycle. ...
... Under anaerobic conditions, such as during exercise or in red blood cells (no mitochondria), pyruvate is reduced to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase producing NAD. Lactate can be converted back to glucose in the Cori Cycle. ...
BIO 220 Chapter 5 lecture outline Metabolism definition Collision
... 5. Describe the general structure and characteristics of an enzyme. 6. Explain the mechanism by which enzymes speed up chemical reactions. 7. Why would a particular enzyme be able to bind to only one or a small number of substrates? 8. What is the function of each type of enzyme listed in table 5.1 ...
... 5. Describe the general structure and characteristics of an enzyme. 6. Explain the mechanism by which enzymes speed up chemical reactions. 7. Why would a particular enzyme be able to bind to only one or a small number of substrates? 8. What is the function of each type of enzyme listed in table 5.1 ...
Co-enzyme
... Features of enzymes 6. Cellular enzymes can be activated by “phosphorylation” - the addition of a phosphate group • It is other enzymes that actually add the phosphate group to the other enzyme, -these enzymes are called kinases • Kinases are said to “phosphorylate” the protein • Eg: Adrenalin a ...
... Features of enzymes 6. Cellular enzymes can be activated by “phosphorylation” - the addition of a phosphate group • It is other enzymes that actually add the phosphate group to the other enzyme, -these enzymes are called kinases • Kinases are said to “phosphorylate” the protein • Eg: Adrenalin a ...
103 final rev worksheet key
... Since zymogens are not produced in their active state, they can be stored and then activated under the proper conditions. Digestive zymogens are only activated when needed, preventing digestion of the pancreas, stomach and intestines between use. 50. What is an allosteric enzyme and how are they in ...
... Since zymogens are not produced in their active state, they can be stored and then activated under the proper conditions. Digestive zymogens are only activated when needed, preventing digestion of the pancreas, stomach and intestines between use. 50. What is an allosteric enzyme and how are they in ...
Chapter 6
... 6.2 Aerobic Cellular Respiration—An Overview 4. Aerobic cellular respiration occurs in three stages. Name these and briefly describe what happens in each stage. Glycolysis results in a glucose molecule being broken down to two pyruvic acid molecules. Initially 2 ATPs are used, but ultimately 4 ATP ...
... 6.2 Aerobic Cellular Respiration—An Overview 4. Aerobic cellular respiration occurs in three stages. Name these and briefly describe what happens in each stage. Glycolysis results in a glucose molecule being broken down to two pyruvic acid molecules. Initially 2 ATPs are used, but ultimately 4 ATP ...
Text S3: Fatty acid synthesis and catabolism
... Text S3: Fatty acid synthesis and catabolism Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 is able to synthesize fatty acids de novo from acetyl-CoA and incorporate them into phospholipids. This strain has an absolute requirement for several volatile acids for growth [1], utilizing isobutyrate and valerate for produ ...
... Text S3: Fatty acid synthesis and catabolism Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 is able to synthesize fatty acids de novo from acetyl-CoA and incorporate them into phospholipids. This strain has an absolute requirement for several volatile acids for growth [1], utilizing isobutyrate and valerate for produ ...
Chapter 8-10 Review - Akron Central Schools
... from spinach leaves and used a syringe partially filled with water to pull the gases from the leaf disks so that all leaf disks sunk to the bottom of the syringe. Ten (10) leaf disks from the syringe were placed in each of four cups and covered with 50 ml of the solutions as indicated below. All lea ...
... from spinach leaves and used a syringe partially filled with water to pull the gases from the leaf disks so that all leaf disks sunk to the bottom of the syringe. Ten (10) leaf disks from the syringe were placed in each of four cups and covered with 50 ml of the solutions as indicated below. All lea ...
Lecture #10 – 9/26 – Dr. Hirsh
... Figure – Chlorophyll a has a Porphyrin ring structure – similar structure to heme. The long carbon tail helps hold the molecule into membranes. ...
... Figure – Chlorophyll a has a Porphyrin ring structure – similar structure to heme. The long carbon tail helps hold the molecule into membranes. ...
CHE 4310 Fall 2011
... enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase in the presence of an excess of ADP and ATP, the final mixture contains approximately 1750 molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate for every 1 molecule of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Estimate the G’0 of the reaction below (R = 8.315 J/mol·K and T = ...
... enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase in the presence of an excess of ADP and ATP, the final mixture contains approximately 1750 molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate for every 1 molecule of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Estimate the G’0 of the reaction below (R = 8.315 J/mol·K and T = ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a metabolic regulator of
... activity. Interestingly, overexpression of Npt1p, which is assumed to increase the flux through the salvage pathway, functions in the same pathway as CR and Sir2p to extend life span [15]. However, overexpressing Npt1p does not increase the steady state level of the total NAD or the NAD : NADH rati ...
... activity. Interestingly, overexpression of Npt1p, which is assumed to increase the flux through the salvage pathway, functions in the same pathway as CR and Sir2p to extend life span [15]. However, overexpressing Npt1p does not increase the steady state level of the total NAD or the NAD : NADH rati ...
Review Packet CORRECT
... a. What goes into the Krebs cycle? Acetyl CoA, NAD+, FADH+, ADP + P b. What comes out of the Krebs cycle? CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, ATP c. What is another name for the Krebs cycle? Citric Acid Cycle ...
... a. What goes into the Krebs cycle? Acetyl CoA, NAD+, FADH+, ADP + P b. What comes out of the Krebs cycle? CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, ATP c. What is another name for the Krebs cycle? Citric Acid Cycle ...
The Aerobic Fate of Pyruvate
... metabolism occurs. The 2 moles of NADH produced by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase are oxidized in the electron transport chain back to NAD+. The electron transport chain generates a proton gradient that drives the synthesis of 5 ATP molecules from ADP and Pi. Further more, the pyruvate for ...
... metabolism occurs. The 2 moles of NADH produced by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase are oxidized in the electron transport chain back to NAD+. The electron transport chain generates a proton gradient that drives the synthesis of 5 ATP molecules from ADP and Pi. Further more, the pyruvate for ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.