1. Metabolic regulation
... Covalent modifications include phosphorylations, ADP-ribosylation, and other, more complex alterations. Covalent modification often occurs as a result of action of regulatory cascades. Glycogen metabolism is regulated in this fashion. Enzymes that phosphorylate other enzymes are called ...
... Covalent modifications include phosphorylations, ADP-ribosylation, and other, more complex alterations. Covalent modification often occurs as a result of action of regulatory cascades. Glycogen metabolism is regulated in this fashion. Enzymes that phosphorylate other enzymes are called ...
Citric Acid Cycle in Anabolism
... • Plants use this to grow from stored oils in seeds • Bacteria use this to grow on simple carbon compounds when carbohydrates are unavailable • Critter exception – some nematodes in early stages can perform ...
... • Plants use this to grow from stored oils in seeds • Bacteria use this to grow on simple carbon compounds when carbohydrates are unavailable • Critter exception – some nematodes in early stages can perform ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... Glycolysis occurs due to it’s ability to create energy anaerobically (with out oxygen) and fermentation would occur at the end of the Glycolytic pathway. There are then two different means in which energy can be produced depending on the organism. ...
... Glycolysis occurs due to it’s ability to create energy anaerobically (with out oxygen) and fermentation would occur at the end of the Glycolytic pathway. There are then two different means in which energy can be produced depending on the organism. ...
Succinate
... - We now need to study how these reduced electron carriers transport their electrons through the mitochondrial electron transport system (electron transport) to the ultimate electron acceptor, O2, thereby generating sufficient energy to synthesize ATP (oxidative phosphorylation). - Since the transfe ...
... - We now need to study how these reduced electron carriers transport their electrons through the mitochondrial electron transport system (electron transport) to the ultimate electron acceptor, O2, thereby generating sufficient energy to synthesize ATP (oxidative phosphorylation). - Since the transfe ...
Cellular Respiration
... Preparatory reaction – in mitochondria, pyruvate oxidized to 2 – C acetyl group, preps for citric acid cycle Citric acid cycle – (Krebs) in matrix of mitochondria, yield 2 ATP Electron transport chain – cristae, oxygen is final electron acceptor and forms water, result in 32 – 34 ATP ...
... Preparatory reaction – in mitochondria, pyruvate oxidized to 2 – C acetyl group, preps for citric acid cycle Citric acid cycle – (Krebs) in matrix of mitochondria, yield 2 ATP Electron transport chain – cristae, oxygen is final electron acceptor and forms water, result in 32 – 34 ATP ...
document
... NADH is formed by the addition of a hydrogen nucleus and 2 electrons (hydride ion) to NAD+ Nicotinamide ring has reduced stability when it accepts the hydride ion since it is no ...
... NADH is formed by the addition of a hydrogen nucleus and 2 electrons (hydride ion) to NAD+ Nicotinamide ring has reduced stability when it accepts the hydride ion since it is no ...
Cellular Respiration Name: Period: ______ Date: 1. Define cellular
... 7. This 5 carbon compound then breaks down again releasing another _______________ in the form of CO2 and more electrons are transferred to NAD+ forming NADH. 8. This 4 carbon compound is now ready to accept another _______ carbon acetyl group to start the cycle over again. 9. For each turn of this ...
... 7. This 5 carbon compound then breaks down again releasing another _______________ in the form of CO2 and more electrons are transferred to NAD+ forming NADH. 8. This 4 carbon compound is now ready to accept another _______ carbon acetyl group to start the cycle over again. 9. For each turn of this ...
Cellular Respiration - Mrs. Brenner`s Biology
... The car uses the gasoline to power the pistons but only some of the potential energy is used to make the car move. Much of the energy is given ...
... The car uses the gasoline to power the pistons but only some of the potential energy is used to make the car move. Much of the energy is given ...
A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound that is
... coenzyme A, FAD, and NAD+. This common structure may reflect a common evolutionary origin as part of ribozymes in an ancient RNAworld. It has been suggested that the AMP part of the molecule can be considered a kind of "handle" by which the enzyme can "grasp" the coenzyme to switch it between differ ...
... coenzyme A, FAD, and NAD+. This common structure may reflect a common evolutionary origin as part of ribozymes in an ancient RNAworld. It has been suggested that the AMP part of the molecule can be considered a kind of "handle" by which the enzyme can "grasp" the coenzyme to switch it between differ ...
iphy 3430 8-25
... Once absorbed into body, can be stored temporarily as triglycerides or split into glycerol and three fatty acids which then are catabolized -->energy released by enzymatic breakage of bonds --> some work done and the rest lost as heat ...
... Once absorbed into body, can be stored temporarily as triglycerides or split into glycerol and three fatty acids which then are catabolized -->energy released by enzymatic breakage of bonds --> some work done and the rest lost as heat ...
IPHY 3430 1-11-11 If you missed class on Tuesday, please pick up
... Once absorbed into body, can be stored temporarily as triglycerides or split into glycerol and three fatty acids which then are catabolized -->energy released by enzymatic breakage of bonds --> some work done and the rest lost as heat ...
... Once absorbed into body, can be stored temporarily as triglycerides or split into glycerol and three fatty acids which then are catabolized -->energy released by enzymatic breakage of bonds --> some work done and the rest lost as heat ...
heat, chemical, radiant, etc.
... Once absorbed into body, can be stored temporarily as triglycerides or split into glycerol and three fatty acids which then are catabolized -->energy released by enzymatic breakage of bonds --> some work done and the rest lost as heat ...
... Once absorbed into body, can be stored temporarily as triglycerides or split into glycerol and three fatty acids which then are catabolized -->energy released by enzymatic breakage of bonds --> some work done and the rest lost as heat ...
CELL RESPIRATION
... 6. Summarize in an equation the conversion of pyruvic acid into acetyl-CoA. Show how two of the six carbon atoms in the original glucose molecule have been released as CO2. Indicate whether or not this reaction is a redox reaction. 7. Draw a diagram of the Krebs Cycle which shows the reactions in wh ...
... 6. Summarize in an equation the conversion of pyruvic acid into acetyl-CoA. Show how two of the six carbon atoms in the original glucose molecule have been released as CO2. Indicate whether or not this reaction is a redox reaction. 7. Draw a diagram of the Krebs Cycle which shows the reactions in wh ...
Energy Yields from Aerobic Respiration: Some Alternatives
... are then used during oxidative phosphorylation to produce two ATP. The dihydroxyacetone phosphate returns to the cytoplasm to continue the shuttle process. The main drawback of the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is that only two ATP are produced for each cytoplasmic NADH. The reason is that the electr ...
... are then used during oxidative phosphorylation to produce two ATP. The dihydroxyacetone phosphate returns to the cytoplasm to continue the shuttle process. The main drawback of the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is that only two ATP are produced for each cytoplasmic NADH. The reason is that the electr ...
Cellular Energy hbio 09 tri 1
... categories and write down what each item in the category shares in common. 2. Why did you put them in those categories and what do they have in common. ...
... categories and write down what each item in the category shares in common. 2. Why did you put them in those categories and what do they have in common. ...
Metabolism
... Are taken up from the bloodstream by cells Are converted to acetyl CoA which enter the Citric Acid Cycle (CAC) Ketogenesis and ketone bodies Ketogenesis is the process by which ketone bodies are produced as a result of fatty acid breakdown Process is dependent upon availability of carbohyd ...
... Are taken up from the bloodstream by cells Are converted to acetyl CoA which enter the Citric Acid Cycle (CAC) Ketogenesis and ketone bodies Ketogenesis is the process by which ketone bodies are produced as a result of fatty acid breakdown Process is dependent upon availability of carbohyd ...
Respiration.review.guide.2012.2013w.answers
... 20. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce __CO2______ and ____H2O_____ along with ATP. 21.Write the equation for cellular respiration and photosynthesis. C6H12O6 + 6O2 ------------ 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light --------- C6H12O6 + 6O2 22. Electron carriers called __NADH____ ...
... 20. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce __CO2______ and ____H2O_____ along with ATP. 21.Write the equation for cellular respiration and photosynthesis. C6H12O6 + 6O2 ------------ 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light --------- C6H12O6 + 6O2 22. Electron carriers called __NADH____ ...
Problem Set# 3
... 3. Which is true of the intermediate step of metabolism? a. CO2 and ATP are released during the process b. A multienzyme complex removes a carboxyl group, transfers electrons to NAD+, and attaches a coenzyme. c. NAD+ is rejuvenated so glycolysis can continue d. Lactate is produced to rejuvenate free ...
... 3. Which is true of the intermediate step of metabolism? a. CO2 and ATP are released during the process b. A multienzyme complex removes a carboxyl group, transfers electrons to NAD+, and attaches a coenzyme. c. NAD+ is rejuvenated so glycolysis can continue d. Lactate is produced to rejuvenate free ...
METABOLISM BACTERIAL METABOLISM
... Oxidation-reduction reactions • Oxidation is the removal of electrons. • Reduction is the gain of electrons. • Redox reaction is an oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reaction. ...
... Oxidation-reduction reactions • Oxidation is the removal of electrons. • Reduction is the gain of electrons. • Redox reaction is an oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reaction. ...
Cycle Krebs Worksheet - LTE - IB
... Dehydrogenase complex. Such complex involves three enzymes and five coenzymes. * Krebs Cycle enzymes can be found only in mitochondrial matrix. * Krebs Cycle final products are: CO2, NADH, FADH2, GTP a ...
... Dehydrogenase complex. Such complex involves three enzymes and five coenzymes. * Krebs Cycle enzymes can be found only in mitochondrial matrix. * Krebs Cycle final products are: CO2, NADH, FADH2, GTP a ...
Cellular Respiration
... O2 gains hydrogen atoms to form water O2 is an electron grabber – pulls harder than other atoms to get electrons these hydrogen movements represent electron transfers each hydrogen atom consists of one electron and one proton electrons move along with hydrogens from glucose to O2 it is as if they ar ...
... O2 gains hydrogen atoms to form water O2 is an electron grabber – pulls harder than other atoms to get electrons these hydrogen movements represent electron transfers each hydrogen atom consists of one electron and one proton electrons move along with hydrogens from glucose to O2 it is as if they ar ...
Cellular Respiration
... H+ ions are sequestered in the inner mitochondrial space H+ ions diffuse down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase Oxygen is the final electron acceptor molecule in the ETC The maximum amount of ATP produced is 36ATP ...
... H+ ions are sequestered in the inner mitochondrial space H+ ions diffuse down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase Oxygen is the final electron acceptor molecule in the ETC The maximum amount of ATP produced is 36ATP ...
Biochemistry Metabolic pathways - Limes-Institut-Bonn
... – [glucose] in brain – maintained around 5 mM so glucose is saturated under normal conditions. If drops to 2.2 mM the brain is in trouble. Muscle - uses glucose, FA and ketone bodies for fuel; have stores of glycogen that is converted to glucose when needed for bursts of activity. ...
... – [glucose] in brain – maintained around 5 mM so glucose is saturated under normal conditions. If drops to 2.2 mM the brain is in trouble. Muscle - uses glucose, FA and ketone bodies for fuel; have stores of glycogen that is converted to glucose when needed for bursts of activity. ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.