Substrate Level Phosphorylation Substrate level phosphorylation
... •Electrons are removed and transported with protons •Both are carried by NAD+ - nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ...
... •Electrons are removed and transported with protons •Both are carried by NAD+ - nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ...
Cellular Respiration Review
... #21. Name the 3 carbon molecule that forms when glucose is split in half during glycolysis. #22. Name the 6 carbon molecule that forms during the first step of the Krebs cycle. #23. Fermentation is said to be ________________ because it happens “NOT IN AIR” or without oxygen. 24. Compare NADH and FA ...
... #21. Name the 3 carbon molecule that forms when glucose is split in half during glycolysis. #22. Name the 6 carbon molecule that forms during the first step of the Krebs cycle. #23. Fermentation is said to be ________________ because it happens “NOT IN AIR” or without oxygen. 24. Compare NADH and FA ...
cellular respiration
... transferring a phosphate directly to ADP from another molecule 2. oxidative phosphorylation – use of ATP synthase and energy derived from a proton (H+) gradient to make ATP ...
... transferring a phosphate directly to ADP from another molecule 2. oxidative phosphorylation – use of ATP synthase and energy derived from a proton (H+) gradient to make ATP ...
CHE 4310 Fall 2011
... 6. Show the three reactions in the citric acid cycle in which NADH is produced, including the structures. None of these reactions involves molecular oxygen (O2), but all three reactions are strongly inhibited by anaerobic conditions; explain why. ...
... 6. Show the three reactions in the citric acid cycle in which NADH is produced, including the structures. None of these reactions involves molecular oxygen (O2), but all three reactions are strongly inhibited by anaerobic conditions; explain why. ...
Energetics
... Anaerobic respiration: The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is not O2. Yields less energy than aerobic respiration because only part of the Krebs cycles operates under anaerobic conditions. ...
... Anaerobic respiration: The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is not O2. Yields less energy than aerobic respiration because only part of the Krebs cycles operates under anaerobic conditions. ...
Microbial Metabolism- Energy and Enzymes
... Aerobic respiration is when O2 acts as the final electron acceptor (O2 H2O) Acceptor + ne- ⇄ donor, n = number of electrons transferred ...
... Aerobic respiration is when O2 acts as the final electron acceptor (O2 H2O) Acceptor + ne- ⇄ donor, n = number of electrons transferred ...
Energy and Respiration
... 4 carbon compound to make a 6 carbon compound. A series of steps now transfer the 6C (citrate) back to the 4C (oxaloacetate) These steps include more decarboxylation and dehydrogenation ...
... 4 carbon compound to make a 6 carbon compound. A series of steps now transfer the 6C (citrate) back to the 4C (oxaloacetate) These steps include more decarboxylation and dehydrogenation ...
Lorem Ipsum - Tri-County Technical College
... by which living organisms take glucose and other nutrients and make ATP Aerobic respiration – utilizes oxygen in the process Anaerobic ...
... by which living organisms take glucose and other nutrients and make ATP Aerobic respiration – utilizes oxygen in the process Anaerobic ...
Final Review
... dehydrogenase complex, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase. 13. Which step(s) of the Kreb’s cycle is/are catalyzed by an isomerase? STEP 2 ...
... dehydrogenase complex, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase. 13. Which step(s) of the Kreb’s cycle is/are catalyzed by an isomerase? STEP 2 ...
Chem 2B
... dehydrogenase complex, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase. 13. Which step(s) of the Kreb’s cycle is/are catalyzed by an isomerase? STEP 2 ...
... dehydrogenase complex, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase. 13. Which step(s) of the Kreb’s cycle is/are catalyzed by an isomerase? STEP 2 ...
Classification of Enzymes - Lectures For UG-5
... “a” is the class, “b” is the subclass, “c” is the subsubclass, and “d” is the sub-sub-subclass. The “b” and “c” digits describe the reaction, while the “d” digit is used to distinguish between different enzymes of the same function based on the actual substrate in the reaction. • Example: for Alcoho ...
... “a” is the class, “b” is the subclass, “c” is the subsubclass, and “d” is the sub-sub-subclass. The “b” and “c” digits describe the reaction, while the “d” digit is used to distinguish between different enzymes of the same function based on the actual substrate in the reaction. • Example: for Alcoho ...
AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science
... was studied in an experiment using intact isolated rat heart. After the heart was perfused (supplied with) with 0.22 mM fluoroacetate, the measured rate of glucose uptake and glycolysis decreased, and glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate accumulated. Examination of the citric acid cycle inte ...
... was studied in an experiment using intact isolated rat heart. After the heart was perfused (supplied with) with 0.22 mM fluoroacetate, the measured rate of glucose uptake and glycolysis decreased, and glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate accumulated. Examination of the citric acid cycle inte ...
103 final review worksheet
... 36. What type of secondary structure predominates in -keratin? What type in keratin? 37. What is the primary type of cross-linking in secondary structure? 38. Describe the structure of collagen and explain what makes it so strong. ...
... 36. What type of secondary structure predominates in -keratin? What type in keratin? 37. What is the primary type of cross-linking in secondary structure? 38. Describe the structure of collagen and explain what makes it so strong. ...
Metabolism - College of the Canyons
... • free amino acids also can be converted to glucose and fat or directly used as fuel • conversions involve three processes: – deamination – removal of an amino group (-NH2) – amination – addition of -NH2 – transamination – transfer of -NH2 from one molecule to another ...
... • free amino acids also can be converted to glucose and fat or directly used as fuel • conversions involve three processes: – deamination – removal of an amino group (-NH2) – amination – addition of -NH2 – transamination – transfer of -NH2 from one molecule to another ...
Ecological speciation model
... Heterofermentative organisms use a pathway with a greater number of redox reactions than Streptococcus. Make very oxidized and very reduced compounds. More NAD(P)H to be reoxidized constrains ATP synthesis, high energy intermediate used as an electron acceptor. Vitamins: essential portions of cofact ...
... Heterofermentative organisms use a pathway with a greater number of redox reactions than Streptococcus. Make very oxidized and very reduced compounds. More NAD(P)H to be reoxidized constrains ATP synthesis, high energy intermediate used as an electron acceptor. Vitamins: essential portions of cofact ...
Take Home Part 1 - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... D) NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. E) NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... D) NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. E) NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation. ...
Ch 4: Cellular Metabolism
... Isozymes = different models of same enzyme (differ in 1 or few aa) ...
... Isozymes = different models of same enzyme (differ in 1 or few aa) ...
chapter8 - Teacherpage
... • Oxaloacetate (last intermediate) is used and regenerated • 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 are formed, 1 ATP is formed • Substrate level phosphorylation occurs • Electrons and hydrogens are transferred to coenzymes in both glycolysis and the Kreb cycle • Energy, CO2, and H+ are released • Cycle turns 2x to bre ...
... • Oxaloacetate (last intermediate) is used and regenerated • 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 are formed, 1 ATP is formed • Substrate level phosphorylation occurs • Electrons and hydrogens are transferred to coenzymes in both glycolysis and the Kreb cycle • Energy, CO2, and H+ are released • Cycle turns 2x to bre ...
File
... c. many unicellular and some multicellular organisms. d. no organisms. Modern Biology Study Guide ...
... c. many unicellular and some multicellular organisms. d. no organisms. Modern Biology Study Guide ...
Krebs Cycle - USD Home Pages
... The Krebs cycle is a central pathway for recovering energy from three major metabolites: carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids. ...
... The Krebs cycle is a central pathway for recovering energy from three major metabolites: carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids. ...
ch 9 Cellular_Respiration
... • Electrons stored in NADH and FADH2 from glycolysis and the CAC are transported to the ETC • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor! ...
... • Electrons stored in NADH and FADH2 from glycolysis and the CAC are transported to the ETC • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor! ...
fermentation
... 3. The reactions of fermentation occur completely in the cytosol. Because of its increased efficiency, aerobic respiration is generally the preferred path for cells to take when they need to produce energy. However, in environments where oxygen is scarce, and sugar is plentiful, many organisms thri ...
... 3. The reactions of fermentation occur completely in the cytosol. Because of its increased efficiency, aerobic respiration is generally the preferred path for cells to take when they need to produce energy. However, in environments where oxygen is scarce, and sugar is plentiful, many organisms thri ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.