1. A. Name each enzyme present in the citric acid cycle and specify
... serves to carry H from a donor to an acceptor in a reaction catalyzed by a single enzyme. B. In "designing" a metabolic pathway you find it necessary to extend a carbon chain by 1 carbon atom. Would you select an enzyme which uses thiamin pyrophosphate as prosthetic group or one that uses biotin? Wh ...
... serves to carry H from a donor to an acceptor in a reaction catalyzed by a single enzyme. B. In "designing" a metabolic pathway you find it necessary to extend a carbon chain by 1 carbon atom. Would you select an enzyme which uses thiamin pyrophosphate as prosthetic group or one that uses biotin? Wh ...
pruitt_ppt_ch10
... – Cellular metabolism is characterized by metabolic pathways. • Sequences of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in which the product of one reaction serves as the reactant for the next. ...
... – Cellular metabolism is characterized by metabolic pathways. • Sequences of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in which the product of one reaction serves as the reactant for the next. ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration part 1
... 13. How many carbons are in the reacting molecule of glucose? 14. Before the glucose molecule is split, what is added to the glucose? 15. Where do these molecules come from? 16. After the glucose molecule is split, how many carbons are in each new molecule? 17. How many phosphates are in each new m ...
... 13. How many carbons are in the reacting molecule of glucose? 14. Before the glucose molecule is split, what is added to the glucose? 15. Where do these molecules come from? 16. After the glucose molecule is split, how many carbons are in each new molecule? 17. How many phosphates are in each new m ...
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration.notebook
... How are chemical energy and food related? we get chemical energy from the food we eat food serves as a source of energy How much energy is actually in food? from one gram sugar (glucose C6H12O6) when burned in the presence of O2, releases 3811 calories of heat energy "burning calories" release e ...
... How are chemical energy and food related? we get chemical energy from the food we eat food serves as a source of energy How much energy is actually in food? from one gram sugar (glucose C6H12O6) when burned in the presence of O2, releases 3811 calories of heat energy "burning calories" release e ...
Second test - rci.rutgers.edu
... The Citric Acid Cycle occurs where in eukaryotic cells? A. the cytoplasm D. the mitochondrial matrix B. the lumen of the E.R. E. the mito. intermembrane space C. the nucleus ...
... The Citric Acid Cycle occurs where in eukaryotic cells? A. the cytoplasm D. the mitochondrial matrix B. the lumen of the E.R. E. the mito. intermembrane space C. the nucleus ...
Topic 2.4 Proteins Study Guide Amino acids are linked together by
... The amino acid sequence of polypeptides is coded for by genes. A protein may consist of a single ...
... The amino acid sequence of polypeptides is coded for by genes. A protein may consist of a single ...
Cellular Respiration I - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... 8.1.2 Outline the process of glycolysis, including phosphorylation, lysis, oxidation and ATP formation. 8.1.3 Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of a mitochondrion as seen in electron micrographs. 8.1.4 Explain aerobic respiration, including the link reaction, the Krebs cycle, the role o ...
... 8.1.2 Outline the process of glycolysis, including phosphorylation, lysis, oxidation and ATP formation. 8.1.3 Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of a mitochondrion as seen in electron micrographs. 8.1.4 Explain aerobic respiration, including the link reaction, the Krebs cycle, the role o ...
Cellular_Respiration_overviewap
... Remember that for every glucose molecule, the Krebs happens twice, because two acetylCoA’s are produced from one glucose molecule and that ATP generation is via substrate level phosphorylation. Below is the general reaction per one glucose molecule: 2 acetylCoA + 2 oxaloacetate 2 oxaloacetate + 2A ...
... Remember that for every glucose molecule, the Krebs happens twice, because two acetylCoA’s are produced from one glucose molecule and that ATP generation is via substrate level phosphorylation. Below is the general reaction per one glucose molecule: 2 acetylCoA + 2 oxaloacetate 2 oxaloacetate + 2A ...
Study Outline
... 5. Glucose is a reduced molecule; energy is released during a cell’s oxidation of glucose. The Generation of ATP (pp. 120–121) 6. Energy released during certain metabolic reactions can be trapped to form ATP from ADP and P i (phosphate). Addition of a P i to a molecule is called phosphorylation. 7. ...
... 5. Glucose is a reduced molecule; energy is released during a cell’s oxidation of glucose. The Generation of ATP (pp. 120–121) 6. Energy released during certain metabolic reactions can be trapped to form ATP from ADP and P i (phosphate). Addition of a P i to a molecule is called phosphorylation. 7. ...
Cellular Respiration
... from NADH for its continuous role in glycolysis During anaerobic cellular respiration only 2 ATP are produced from one initial glucose molecule ...
... from NADH for its continuous role in glycolysis During anaerobic cellular respiration only 2 ATP are produced from one initial glucose molecule ...
Enzymes
... diffused into the osmometer and WHY? This is a two part question. 5. Molecules diffuse from an area of [high] [low] OR [low] [high]? (note [ ] = concentration) ...
... diffused into the osmometer and WHY? This is a two part question. 5. Molecules diffuse from an area of [high] [low] OR [low] [high]? (note [ ] = concentration) ...
Test 1
... isomerase, Pyruvate kinase, Triose phosphate isomerase. On this key I am not going to take the time to make the structures, but I will check that you have the correct structure Glucose + ATP ...
... isomerase, Pyruvate kinase, Triose phosphate isomerase. On this key I am not going to take the time to make the structures, but I will check that you have the correct structure Glucose + ATP ...
Respiration
... • One 6C glucose is hydrolyzed into 2 (3C) pyruvates • Energy released is used for substrate level phosphorilation of 2 molecules of ATP. • Hydrogen electrons reduce 2 NAD+ to 2 NADH + 2H+ – NADH + H+ will proceed to the electron transport chain in the mitochondria, where their energy will power the ...
... • One 6C glucose is hydrolyzed into 2 (3C) pyruvates • Energy released is used for substrate level phosphorilation of 2 molecules of ATP. • Hydrogen electrons reduce 2 NAD+ to 2 NADH + 2H+ – NADH + H+ will proceed to the electron transport chain in the mitochondria, where their energy will power the ...
Enzymes
... – Irreversible inhibition: An irreversible inhibitor is a compound that inactivates an enzyme by forming covalent bonds to a particular group at the active site. Since the covalent bond is irreversible, the enzyme is rendered useless indefinitely. – Reversible inhibition: A reversible inhibitor is a ...
... – Irreversible inhibition: An irreversible inhibitor is a compound that inactivates an enzyme by forming covalent bonds to a particular group at the active site. Since the covalent bond is irreversible, the enzyme is rendered useless indefinitely. – Reversible inhibition: A reversible inhibitor is a ...
TCA Cycle
... pick up protons from one side and release then on the other side 2. Ionophores • Hydrophobic molecules that disspate osmotic gradients by inserting them selves into the membrane and form a channel ...
... pick up protons from one side and release then on the other side 2. Ionophores • Hydrophobic molecules that disspate osmotic gradients by inserting them selves into the membrane and form a channel ...
Enzyme WebQuest
... A ____________ is a substance that ___________ up a chemical (metabolic) reaction. The catalyst itself is not used up as a result of its actions. Proteins that function as biological catalysts are called ________________. They are composed of C, H, O and N. Sulphur (S) may also be present As we saw ...
... A ____________ is a substance that ___________ up a chemical (metabolic) reaction. The catalyst itself is not used up as a result of its actions. Proteins that function as biological catalysts are called ________________. They are composed of C, H, O and N. Sulphur (S) may also be present As we saw ...
Outline
... B) As the cycle moves around, citric acid is rearranged to produce different intermediate molecules called C) At the end of the cycle, the resulting molecule is oxaloacetic acid which is now available to attach to another acetyl CoA D) For each turn of the cycle: 1) two C atoms are removed from the ...
... B) As the cycle moves around, citric acid is rearranged to produce different intermediate molecules called C) At the end of the cycle, the resulting molecule is oxaloacetic acid which is now available to attach to another acetyl CoA D) For each turn of the cycle: 1) two C atoms are removed from the ...
Metabolism: notes to accompany class coverage
... eukaryotic cell; the Krebs cycle occurs only in the mitosol of mitochondria. Each cellular compartment is functionally specialized. In this generalized view of a pathway each step is catalyzed by a different enzyme (E). The pathway begins with A; the end product is K. The molecules between (B, C, et ...
... eukaryotic cell; the Krebs cycle occurs only in the mitosol of mitochondria. Each cellular compartment is functionally specialized. In this generalized view of a pathway each step is catalyzed by a different enzyme (E). The pathway begins with A; the end product is K. The molecules between (B, C, et ...
Aerobic organisms obtain energy from oxidation of food molecules
... ATP and reducing power (NADPH) is used for biosynthesis of new macromolecules •4. C metabolites of stored food (e.g. glucose, C3, amino acids) provide C skeleton for biosynthesis of macromolecules, e.g. new enzymes, RNA, cell wall, etc. ...
... ATP and reducing power (NADPH) is used for biosynthesis of new macromolecules •4. C metabolites of stored food (e.g. glucose, C3, amino acids) provide C skeleton for biosynthesis of macromolecules, e.g. new enzymes, RNA, cell wall, etc. ...
Introduction to Cellular Respiration •ATP is needed in order for cells
... •Free glucose is not the most common source of fuel in most animal diets, including the human diet. Each of the basic food types can be used as a source of energy. •Carbohydrates such as polysaccharides and glycogen are usually hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes to glucose, which enters glycolysis. ...
... •Free glucose is not the most common source of fuel in most animal diets, including the human diet. Each of the basic food types can be used as a source of energy. •Carbohydrates such as polysaccharides and glycogen are usually hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes to glucose, which enters glycolysis. ...
Introduction to Cellular Respiration •ATP is needed in order for cells
... •Free glucose is not the most common source of fuel in most animal diets, including the human diet. Each of the basic food types can be used as a source of energy. •Carbohydrates such as polysaccharides and glycogen are usually hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes to glucose, which enters glycolysis. ...
... •Free glucose is not the most common source of fuel in most animal diets, including the human diet. Each of the basic food types can be used as a source of energy. •Carbohydrates such as polysaccharides and glycogen are usually hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes to glucose, which enters glycolysis. ...
Citrátový cyklus a dýchací řetězec
... • CAC is a set of reactions which form a metabolic pathway for aerobic oxidation of saccharides, lipids and proteins. • Reduced equivalents (NADH, FADH2) are released by sequential decarboxylations and oxidations of citric acid. These reduced equivalents are used to respiratory chain and oxidative p ...
... • CAC is a set of reactions which form a metabolic pathway for aerobic oxidation of saccharides, lipids and proteins. • Reduced equivalents (NADH, FADH2) are released by sequential decarboxylations and oxidations of citric acid. These reduced equivalents are used to respiratory chain and oxidative p ...
Chapter 14 Glycolysis and the catabolism of hexoses
... Lactose intolerance come from the disappearance of lactase activity from the intestinal epithelial. When the undigested lactose hit the large intestine bacteria convert it to toxic product that cause cramps and its presence increases the osmolality So more water is retained. C. Other monosaccharides ...
... Lactose intolerance come from the disappearance of lactase activity from the intestinal epithelial. When the undigested lactose hit the large intestine bacteria convert it to toxic product that cause cramps and its presence increases the osmolality So more water is retained. C. Other monosaccharides ...
Enzymes09
... ▫ b) Students know enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions without altering the reaction equilibrium and the activities of enzymes depend on the temperature, ionic conditions, and the pH of the surroundings. ...
... ▫ b) Students know enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions without altering the reaction equilibrium and the activities of enzymes depend on the temperature, ionic conditions, and the pH of the surroundings. ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.