CLS 431 – midterm exam
... b) In the graph, No.1 shows a “normal” enzymatic reaction, whereas the enzyme is bound to a competitive inhibitor in No.2, and a non-competitive inhibitor in ...
... b) In the graph, No.1 shows a “normal” enzymatic reaction, whereas the enzyme is bound to a competitive inhibitor in No.2, and a non-competitive inhibitor in ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... bonds between smaller substrate molecules, require ATP, release one molecule of water for each bond _________________ reactions– _________________ reactions that break down substrates into small molecules, requires the input of water ...
... bonds between smaller substrate molecules, require ATP, release one molecule of water for each bond _________________ reactions– _________________ reactions that break down substrates into small molecules, requires the input of water ...
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
... located on the membranes of the cristae of the mitochondria. The membranes contain a series of proteins, which are involved in the electron transport chain. Electrons are supplied in the form of reduced NAD and reduced FAD, which pass from the Krebs cycle in the matrix to the cristae. Electrons are ...
... located on the membranes of the cristae of the mitochondria. The membranes contain a series of proteins, which are involved in the electron transport chain. Electrons are supplied in the form of reduced NAD and reduced FAD, which pass from the Krebs cycle in the matrix to the cristae. Electrons are ...
1 - u.arizona.edu
... - PDH allosterically inhibited by acetyl CoA (E2 component) and NADH (E3 component) - NADH provides electrons for respiratory (electron transport) chain (oxidative phosphorylation) - enough ATP NADH accumulates in mitochondrial matrix shuts off E3 enzyme to prevent mitochondria from unnecessaril ...
... - PDH allosterically inhibited by acetyl CoA (E2 component) and NADH (E3 component) - NADH provides electrons for respiratory (electron transport) chain (oxidative phosphorylation) - enough ATP NADH accumulates in mitochondrial matrix shuts off E3 enzyme to prevent mitochondria from unnecessaril ...
USED Enzymes Worksheet
... Enzymes Worksheet Enzymes Most reactions take place in a number of __________ which need to be _________________________ if the cell is to function properly ______________ are the most important controllers of cellular reactions ...
... Enzymes Worksheet Enzymes Most reactions take place in a number of __________ which need to be _________________________ if the cell is to function properly ______________ are the most important controllers of cellular reactions ...
Chapter 7 Review Name: Date: Question Answer Process that
... If oxygen is not present, pyruvate and NADH enter this metabolic Alcoholic fermentation pathway; produces carbon dioxide and ethanol; used by yeast and some plant cells ...
... If oxygen is not present, pyruvate and NADH enter this metabolic Alcoholic fermentation pathway; produces carbon dioxide and ethanol; used by yeast and some plant cells ...
Key Terms and Ideas: Fill in the blanks or provide a definition in your
... Key Terms and Ideas: Fill in the blanks or provide a definition in your own words. 1. In cellular respiration oxidation, hydrogen is transferred from glucose to oxygen. 2. Substrate-level phosphorylation is a simple transfer of a phosphate group from the substrate molecule to the ADP. 3. Glycolysis ...
... Key Terms and Ideas: Fill in the blanks or provide a definition in your own words. 1. In cellular respiration oxidation, hydrogen is transferred from glucose to oxygen. 2. Substrate-level phosphorylation is a simple transfer of a phosphate group from the substrate molecule to the ADP. 3. Glycolysis ...
Original
... D. In addition to glucose, many other compounds can be used as fuel in CR E. Molecules derived from breakdown of fats, proteins, carbohydrates can enter glycolysis or Krebs cycle @ diff. points more energy F. CR is NOT reverse of PS; 2 processes involve different biochem pathways, occur @ differe ...
... D. In addition to glucose, many other compounds can be used as fuel in CR E. Molecules derived from breakdown of fats, proteins, carbohydrates can enter glycolysis or Krebs cycle @ diff. points more energy F. CR is NOT reverse of PS; 2 processes involve different biochem pathways, occur @ differe ...
Lecture #9
... • NADH from only glycolysis is used to reduce the organic products • NADH produced by TCA (if present) is not used • Internal organic compounds serve as the final electron acceptors • ATP yields are small (per glucose molecule), compared to respiration • Must metabolize large amounts of glucose to p ...
... • NADH from only glycolysis is used to reduce the organic products • NADH produced by TCA (if present) is not used • Internal organic compounds serve as the final electron acceptors • ATP yields are small (per glucose molecule), compared to respiration • Must metabolize large amounts of glucose to p ...
Chapter 8- An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism
... Adenosine Triphosphate: Metabolic Money ATP is the “money” cells need to carry out their metabolic reactions. ATP has “high energy” phosphate bonds that store energy. When the terminal phosphates are cleaved, free energy is released. ATP powers the cellular processes. In aerobic organisms, ATP is ma ...
... Adenosine Triphosphate: Metabolic Money ATP is the “money” cells need to carry out their metabolic reactions. ATP has “high energy” phosphate bonds that store energy. When the terminal phosphates are cleaved, free energy is released. ATP powers the cellular processes. In aerobic organisms, ATP is ma ...
Document
... b. Phosphofructokinase, which catalyzes the formation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, is inhibited by high levels of ATP, and activated by high levels of ADP and AMP. c. High levels of ATP or acetyl CoA inhibit pyruvate kinase, which stops the formation of pyruvate in reaction 10. ...
... b. Phosphofructokinase, which catalyzes the formation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, is inhibited by high levels of ATP, and activated by high levels of ADP and AMP. c. High levels of ATP or acetyl CoA inhibit pyruvate kinase, which stops the formation of pyruvate in reaction 10. ...
Solution
... c. In cells, the equilibrium position for this reaction lies far to the right. Provide a possible explanation for this observation. (1-2 sentences). ...
... c. In cells, the equilibrium position for this reaction lies far to the right. Provide a possible explanation for this observation. (1-2 sentences). ...
Biochemistry Lecture 16
... – Impt to both catabolism (breakdown) and anabolism (build-up) of cell’s molecules – Catabolism of carbohydrates, FA’s, aa’s through pyruvate, acetylCoA Kreb’s ATP ...
... – Impt to both catabolism (breakdown) and anabolism (build-up) of cell’s molecules – Catabolism of carbohydrates, FA’s, aa’s through pyruvate, acetylCoA Kreb’s ATP ...
Microbial Metabolism
... • Redox reaction is an oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reaction. ...
... • Redox reaction is an oxidation reaction paired with a reduction reaction. ...
Overview of Energy and Metabolism
... Absorbed by the Digestive System 1. Energy for immediate use by cells to conduct their normal Metabolic processes (Muscle contraction, secretions, active transport) 2. Synthesize structural or functional molecules to repair and replace cells. (Mitosis and Cytokinesis) ...
... Absorbed by the Digestive System 1. Energy for immediate use by cells to conduct their normal Metabolic processes (Muscle contraction, secretions, active transport) 2. Synthesize structural or functional molecules to repair and replace cells. (Mitosis and Cytokinesis) ...
products
... http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_glycolysis_works.ht ml ...
... http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_glycolysis_works.ht ml ...
L10v02-glycolysis and TCA
... This is an overview of the relevant metabolic processes going on in the mitochondria. We have produced NADH Via glycolysis and citric acid cycle, which will be used for oxidative phosphorylation for a very much larger payoff in ATP ( on Wednesday). Here for the first time, you can see why we bre ...
... This is an overview of the relevant metabolic processes going on in the mitochondria. We have produced NADH Via glycolysis and citric acid cycle, which will be used for oxidative phosphorylation for a very much larger payoff in ATP ( on Wednesday). Here for the first time, you can see why we bre ...
Chapter 12 (part 1) - Nevada Agricultural Experiment
... transport pathway in the inner mitochondrial membrane • The electrons transferred from succinate to FAD (to form FADH2) are passed directly to ubiquinone (UQ) in the electron transport pathway • Enzyme inhibited by malonate ...
... transport pathway in the inner mitochondrial membrane • The electrons transferred from succinate to FAD (to form FADH2) are passed directly to ubiquinone (UQ) in the electron transport pathway • Enzyme inhibited by malonate ...
3 sources of energy during excercise
... Very slow energy production Produces 36 ATP per glucose Anaerobic Fermentation (AF) Doesn't require O 2 Fast energy production Produces only 2 ATP per glucose Both: produce ATP, and are used inside our bodies to give us energy when needed. ...
... Very slow energy production Produces 36 ATP per glucose Anaerobic Fermentation (AF) Doesn't require O 2 Fast energy production Produces only 2 ATP per glucose Both: produce ATP, and are used inside our bodies to give us energy when needed. ...
Overview of Aerobic Respiration
... inner and outer membranes. SO A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT- across inner membrane. **an electrical gradient is made too, since protons have a positive chargeee 4)the concentration and electrical gradient of protons drives the ATP synthesis by chemiosmosis(same thing from photosynthesis) sooo as protons ...
... inner and outer membranes. SO A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT- across inner membrane. **an electrical gradient is made too, since protons have a positive chargeee 4)the concentration and electrical gradient of protons drives the ATP synthesis by chemiosmosis(same thing from photosynthesis) sooo as protons ...
Chem331 Krebs Cycle
... The Krebs cycle is a central pathway for recovering energy from three major metabolites: carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids. Most enter the cycle through Acetyl~CoA. The two carbons entered at this step are lost as CO2 (the reason you breath out CO 2). The carbon atoms that enter by A-CoA l ...
... The Krebs cycle is a central pathway for recovering energy from three major metabolites: carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids. Most enter the cycle through Acetyl~CoA. The two carbons entered at this step are lost as CO2 (the reason you breath out CO 2). The carbon atoms that enter by A-CoA l ...
Chapter 7. "Coenzymes and Vitamins" Reading Assignment: pp. 192
... countries like the USA thanks to ample food supply and governmentsupported food supplementation programs, they still are common in many third world and developing countries. Vitamins can be classified into the water-soluble (the B vitamins and vitamin C) and fat-soluble (vitamin A, D, E, and K) grou ...
... countries like the USA thanks to ample food supply and governmentsupported food supplementation programs, they still are common in many third world and developing countries. Vitamins can be classified into the water-soluble (the B vitamins and vitamin C) and fat-soluble (vitamin A, D, E, and K) grou ...
Bio260 Exam1.1 MW review
... • Understand the different ways to transport material across a cytoplasmic membrane. – Understand the different ways bacteria move material across a membrane such as facilitated diffusion and active transport mechanisms (transport systems that use proton motive force, transport systems that use ATP, ...
... • Understand the different ways to transport material across a cytoplasmic membrane. – Understand the different ways bacteria move material across a membrane such as facilitated diffusion and active transport mechanisms (transport systems that use proton motive force, transport systems that use ATP, ...
Regulation on Cellular respiration
... • These links permit the respiration of excess fats and proteins in the diet. • No special mechanism of cellular respiration is needed by those animals that depend largely on ingested fats (e.g., many birds) or proteins (e.g., carnivores) for their energy supply. • Many of the points that connect ...
... • These links permit the respiration of excess fats and proteins in the diet. • No special mechanism of cellular respiration is needed by those animals that depend largely on ingested fats (e.g., many birds) or proteins (e.g., carnivores) for their energy supply. • Many of the points that connect ...
irm_ch23
... 1) Digestion, occurring in the digestive tract. Digestive enzymes break down food into glucose and other monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids and glycerol. These small molecules pass across intestinal membranes and into the blood, where they are transported to the body’s cells. 2) Acetyl gr ...
... 1) Digestion, occurring in the digestive tract. Digestive enzymes break down food into glucose and other monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids and glycerol. These small molecules pass across intestinal membranes and into the blood, where they are transported to the body’s cells. 2) Acetyl gr ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.