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Transcript
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Chemical Pathways Chapter 9-1 http://www.clickatutor.com/mitochondria.jpg http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif AUTOTROPHS ___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to make their own food In the last chapter green plants PHOTOSYNTHESIS to used ________________ sunlight trap energy from __________ and make ______________ food (glucose) http://206.173.89.42/REALTYWITHALOHA_COM/piphoto/funny%20sun%20with%20sunglasses.gif In this chapter, we will learn how broken down by this glucose is ____________ energy organisms and the _______ is stored as _______ ATP in a process called ___________________ CELLULAR RESPIRATION What kind of organisms do this? What kind of organisms do this? plants ______ fungi ______ animals ________ (Including humans _______) bacteria ______ ALL LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY! How do we get the sugar from the plants? REMEMBER! _______________ HETEROTROPHS get their energy by eating other organisms. We get the energy the plants stored as eating plants directly glucose by _____________ or eating the _________ animals that ate the plants. Image from: http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/sheep/ansc442/Semprojs/2003/spiderlamb/eatsheep.gif http://www.cibike.org/Eating.htm Image from: http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/sheep/ansc442/Semprojs/2003/spiderlamb/eatsheep.gif In this chapter we will learn how HETEROTROPHS ______________ get their energy by consuming other organisms. GLUCOSE We get our energy from the __________ plants made during _______________ PHOTOSYNTHESIS when we eat plants or eat animals that ate the plants. http://www.cibike.org/Eating.htm REMEMBER CELL BIO Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/cytoplasm.html Area with gel-like material inside cell membrane surrounding mitochondria CYTOPLASM = ______________________ Power plant of cell that burns glucose and stores the energy as ATP = _______________ mitochondria http://www.clickatutor.com/mitochondria.jpg MITOCHONDRIA = cell power plant Surrounded by ___________ DOUBLE membrane Outer membrane & Inner membrane CRISTAE (called _______________ ) Space between inner membrane & outer membrane INTERMEMBRANE SPACE = ____________________ Space inside cristae folds = _________________ MATRIX Heterotrophs use ________________ CELLULAR RESPIRATION to release energy from FOOD (glucose) to make _____ ATP Image by Riedell Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpe CELLULAR RESPIRATION slowly happens __________ many steps in ________________. If all the energy was released in one step… most would be lost as light and heat ____________________! http://plato.acadiau.ca/COURSES/comm/g5/Fire_Animation.gif PHOTOSYNTHESIS 6 CO 6H O 2 + _________ 2 ___________ + ___________ C6H12O6 + __________ 6O2 →_______________ CELLULAR RESPIRATION C6H12O6 + _________ 6 CO2 + __________ 6 H2O + __________ 6O2 →________ _____________ The two equations are exact opposites! ______________________________________________________________ http://hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov/sftheory/images/boilingif UNITS FOR MEASURING HEAT ENERGY Amount of heat it takes to raise 1 gram of calorie water 1◦ Celsius = _______________ Unit for measuring energy in food Calorie = _______________ 1000 calories 1 Calorie = _________ http://www.raytechcatalog.com/images/products/mainstay_food_3600_nutrition.gif Remember from Photosynthesis? + NADP High energy electron carrier = ___________ Cellular respiration uses some different carriers to transport high energy electrons. + NAD FAD _______ & ________ 2 e + H+ ________ + _________ NAD+ → FAD e- + 2H+ ________ + 2 _________ ____________ → ____________ The first step in cellular respiration = __________________ GLYCOLYSIS Glycolysis happens in CYTOPLASM the ________________ outside the mitochondria See glycolysis movie Glycolysis (GLYKOS = ________ sweet LYSIS= ___________ split apart ) Glycolysis ____________________________ DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN BUT it needs some ____________to get it ENERGY started. What molecule do you think is going to supply the energy do this? ATP GLYCOLYSIS ________ ↓ GLUCOSE ___________ ATP → ATP → ↓ ATP ATP 2_____________ PYRUVIC ACID NADH NADH ____________________ + _______________ 4 ATP’s 2 ATP’s and GET BACK __________ PUT IN ________ Net gain of ________ 2 ATP’s and __________ 2 NADH PYRUVIC ACID MOVES TO NEXT STEP = ANAEROBIC IF THERE IS NO OXYGEN (______________) IF THERE IS OXYGEN (_____________) = AEROBIC PYRUVIC ACID ___________ WITHOUT OXYGEN ANAEROBIC 2 kinds of fermentation Alcoholic Lactic acid ___________________ & _____________________ ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION PYRUVIC _______ ACID +_____ ALCOHOL + ______ CO2 + NAD →__________ _____+ Happens when yeast makes bread dough rise air spaces in bread CO2 bubbles make _____________ evaporates Alcohol _______________ during cooking http://www.deliciousdelicious.com/archives/herb%20bread%201.jpg ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION PYRUVIC _______ ACID +_____ ALCOHOL+ ______ CO2 + NAD →__________ _____+ Happens when beer yeast ___________ make _______ or bacteria wine ____________ make ______ http://www.firstpath.com/images/alcohol.jpg LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PYRUVIC _______ ACID +_____ + LACTIC ACID NAD →______________ + ________ muscles Happens in _____________ during ____________when body exercise can’t get oxygen to tissues fast enough. Lactic acid builds up in muscles causing soreness http://www.miranda.com/library.en/Images/Pictures/girls-runners.jpg LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PYRUVIC _______ ACID +_____ + LACTIC ACID NAD →______________ + ________ Happens when bacteria are used to make foods and beverages like: __________________________ yogurt, cheese, buttermilk, & sour cream, pickles, __________________________ saurkraut, and kimchi __________________________ http://chronicle.augusta.com/images/headlines/032200/DANNON_YOGURT.jpg http://www.reillydairy.com/natural_cheese.html WHY DO FERMENTATION? WHY NOT JUST KEEP MAKING ATP USING GLYCOLYSIS? WITHOUT OXYGEN, PYRUVIC ACID builds up ___________ and all the NAD+ carriers get full. _______ Eventually glycolysis will NAD+ PYRUVIC ACID +_____ _______ + CO NAD →ALCOHOL __________ + ______ 2 + _____ LACTIC ACID + NAD ______ You get the NAD+ carriers back FERMENTATION HAPPENS so cells + REGENERATE the NAD can ____________________ needed to keep glycolysis going Flooded Corn Field Plants do photosynthesis ____________ but By:http://skyways.lib.ks.us/towns/ElkCity/2007flood.html plants need ______________________ oxygen for cellular respiration too. If plants seeds are under water 3 days or more, the seeds will die. If a plants roots are under water for 3 days or more, the plants will die.
