chapter_6_mod_2009
... Cells can use the energy in fats and proteins as well. – Fats are digested into fatty acids and glycerol. – Proteins are digested into amino acids. Cells must convert fats and proteins into molecules that can enter and be metabolized by the enzymes of glycolysis or the Kreb’s cycle. ...
... Cells can use the energy in fats and proteins as well. – Fats are digested into fatty acids and glycerol. – Proteins are digested into amino acids. Cells must convert fats and proteins into molecules that can enter and be metabolized by the enzymes of glycolysis or the Kreb’s cycle. ...
cellular respiration
... • Cellular respiration can produce up to 38 ATP molecules for each glucose molecule consumed. • During cellular respiration, hydrogen and its bonding electrons change partners. – Hydrogen and its electrons go from sugar to oxygen, forming water. – This hydrogen transfer is why oxygen is so vital to ...
... • Cellular respiration can produce up to 38 ATP molecules for each glucose molecule consumed. • During cellular respiration, hydrogen and its bonding electrons change partners. – Hydrogen and its electrons go from sugar to oxygen, forming water. – This hydrogen transfer is why oxygen is so vital to ...
C483 Final Exam Study Guide The final will be held in Chemistry
... molecule that you store in your liver. Circle the pathways/cycles below that are part of this overall transformation. Cross out any that are not. Gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen synthesis, glycolysis, citric acid cycle B. Trace the metabolic path of this glutamate molecule throu ...
... molecule that you store in your liver. Circle the pathways/cycles below that are part of this overall transformation. Cross out any that are not. Gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen synthesis, glycolysis, citric acid cycle B. Trace the metabolic path of this glutamate molecule throu ...
SBI4U: Respiration and Photosynthesis Test
... B. It excites the electrons that leave chlorophyl molecules C. It causes the carbon dioxide to combine with hydrogen atoms D. It produces NADPH ...
... B. It excites the electrons that leave chlorophyl molecules C. It causes the carbon dioxide to combine with hydrogen atoms D. It produces NADPH ...
Activated B Complex
... vital the B group vitamins are as cofactors for the function of this pathway. If the body is deficient in any of these integral nutrients due to poor supply, reduced absorption or increased demand, it is clear how energy production and well-being may be compromised. Thiamine serves as a cofactor for ...
... vital the B group vitamins are as cofactors for the function of this pathway. If the body is deficient in any of these integral nutrients due to poor supply, reduced absorption or increased demand, it is clear how energy production and well-being may be compromised. Thiamine serves as a cofactor for ...
Bio 110 S.I. chapters 6 & 7
... pyruvate reduction citric acid cycle electron transport chain fermentation ...
... pyruvate reduction citric acid cycle electron transport chain fermentation ...
Metabolism Part II: The tricarboxylic acid (TCA), citric acid, or Krebs
... fact a cycle of reactions that was responsible for the aerobic oxidation of fuel molecules. Concern over whether citric acid (or more accurately the citrate ion) was the first product of this cycle led Krebs to propose calling this sequence of enzyme-catalyzed reactions the tricarboxylic acid cycle. ...
... fact a cycle of reactions that was responsible for the aerobic oxidation of fuel molecules. Concern over whether citric acid (or more accurately the citrate ion) was the first product of this cycle led Krebs to propose calling this sequence of enzyme-catalyzed reactions the tricarboxylic acid cycle. ...
AP BIOLOGY Chapter 8 Metabolism
... High levels of AMP (means cell is low in ATP) stimulate phosphofructokinase in glycolysis pathway; High levels of ATP inhibit phosphofructokinase to shut off pathway (don’t run glycolysis if not needed) ...
... High levels of AMP (means cell is low in ATP) stimulate phosphofructokinase in glycolysis pathway; High levels of ATP inhibit phosphofructokinase to shut off pathway (don’t run glycolysis if not needed) ...
Lesson Objective: Vocabulary: Lesson Question: Focus Question
... Glcolysis is a biochemical pathway in which one six-carbon molecule of glucose is oxidized to produce 2 three carbon molecules of pyruvic acid. Series of chemical reactions catalyzed by specific enzymes. All reactions take place in the cytosol and occur in 4 main steps: (1) Step 1 (a) 2 phosph ...
... Glcolysis is a biochemical pathway in which one six-carbon molecule of glucose is oxidized to produce 2 three carbon molecules of pyruvic acid. Series of chemical reactions catalyzed by specific enzymes. All reactions take place in the cytosol and occur in 4 main steps: (1) Step 1 (a) 2 phosph ...
Chapter 9: How do cells harvest energy?
... water is shown on both sides above because it is consumed in some reactions and generated in others ...
... water is shown on both sides above because it is consumed in some reactions and generated in others ...
enzymes - Hicksville Public Schools
... Enzyme-substrate specificity Enzymes are SPECIFIC (in shape) for the SUBSTRATES they attach to, just like a lock and key. ...
... Enzyme-substrate specificity Enzymes are SPECIFIC (in shape) for the SUBSTRATES they attach to, just like a lock and key. ...
Macromolecules: Proteins
... Color code the amino acid on this worksheet (carbon-black, hydrogen-yellow, nitrogen-blue, and oxygen-red). Basic Structure of Amino acid H ...
... Color code the amino acid on this worksheet (carbon-black, hydrogen-yellow, nitrogen-blue, and oxygen-red). Basic Structure of Amino acid H ...
respiration-notes-co..
... Remember that we have generated some molecules of ATP already (through a process called substratelevel phosphorylation, whereby phosphate groups are transferred directly from some intermediate in glycolysis or the Krebs cycle to ADP to form ATP!). We have also generated NADH and FADH2. Now, we need ...
... Remember that we have generated some molecules of ATP already (through a process called substratelevel phosphorylation, whereby phosphate groups are transferred directly from some intermediate in glycolysis or the Krebs cycle to ADP to form ATP!). We have also generated NADH and FADH2. Now, we need ...
Enzymes
... Factors that effect enzyme activity Vmax this is the fastest number of substrates an enzyme can process Competitive inhibitors: look like the enzymes substrate so they block up the active site More substrate can reduce their effects substrate ...
... Factors that effect enzyme activity Vmax this is the fastest number of substrates an enzyme can process Competitive inhibitors: look like the enzymes substrate so they block up the active site More substrate can reduce their effects substrate ...
enzymes powerpoint - Pasadena High School
... occur spontaneously, but at very slow rates. Catalysts are substances that speed up reactions without being permanently altered. No catalyst makes a reaction occur that cannot otherwise occur quick enough for life. Most biological catalysts are proteins (enzymes); a few are RNA molecules (ribozymes) ...
... occur spontaneously, but at very slow rates. Catalysts are substances that speed up reactions without being permanently altered. No catalyst makes a reaction occur that cannot otherwise occur quick enough for life. Most biological catalysts are proteins (enzymes); a few are RNA molecules (ribozymes) ...
Slide 1
... intermediates in the citric acid cycle). The final stage of catabolism is the aerobic combustion of the acetyl groups of acetyl CoA by the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to produce CO2 and H20. As will be discussed in lecture 27, oxidation of acetyl CoA generates most of the energy ...
... intermediates in the citric acid cycle). The final stage of catabolism is the aerobic combustion of the acetyl groups of acetyl CoA by the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to produce CO2 and H20. As will be discussed in lecture 27, oxidation of acetyl CoA generates most of the energy ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Review
... 15. Is the phosphorylation reaction in the Krebs cycle substrate level or oxidative? 16. How is FADH2 similar to the NADH produced during glycolysis? 17. How is the structure of the mitochondrion suited to its function? 18. As electrons are passed along the ETC they lose energy. Where does this ener ...
... 15. Is the phosphorylation reaction in the Krebs cycle substrate level or oxidative? 16. How is FADH2 similar to the NADH produced during glycolysis? 17. How is the structure of the mitochondrion suited to its function? 18. As electrons are passed along the ETC they lose energy. Where does this ener ...
Unit Test: Metabolism
... 17. Alanine can enter Cellular Respiration as which of the following? 18. In terms of direct ATP production, what is the advantage of a cell having mitochondria? 19. In terms of the spectrum of white light, which of the following is the least effective for photosynthesis? 20. What is the function of ...
... 17. Alanine can enter Cellular Respiration as which of the following? 18. In terms of direct ATP production, what is the advantage of a cell having mitochondria? 19. In terms of the spectrum of white light, which of the following is the least effective for photosynthesis? 20. What is the function of ...
Cellular Respiration Chapter 7- Cfe Higher Human Biology
... PROTEINS AS RESPIRATORY SUBSTRATES Proteins in the diet are broken down to their component amino acids by the action of digestive enzymes. Amino acids in excess of the body’s requirements for protein synthesis undergo deamination, forming urea and respiratory pathway intermediates as shown opposite ...
... PROTEINS AS RESPIRATORY SUBSTRATES Proteins in the diet are broken down to their component amino acids by the action of digestive enzymes. Amino acids in excess of the body’s requirements for protein synthesis undergo deamination, forming urea and respiratory pathway intermediates as shown opposite ...
RESPIRATION Metabolic processes that need energy include
... converted to glucose, and respired. Fatty acids cannot be respired. Fatty acids = long-chain hydrocarbons with a carboxylic acid group. In each molecule there is carbons and hydrogen atoms – source of many protons for oxidative phosphorylation so they produce a lot of ATP: Each fatty acid is c ...
... converted to glucose, and respired. Fatty acids cannot be respired. Fatty acids = long-chain hydrocarbons with a carboxylic acid group. In each molecule there is carbons and hydrogen atoms – source of many protons for oxidative phosphorylation so they produce a lot of ATP: Each fatty acid is c ...
How do Enzymes work?
... considered and known to be proteins. All chemical reactions in all living organisms require enzymes to function; actually, no existing reaction can take place without an enzyme. They have the principal function of being biological catalysts (speed up reactions), but they also work as being synthesis ...
... considered and known to be proteins. All chemical reactions in all living organisms require enzymes to function; actually, no existing reaction can take place without an enzyme. They have the principal function of being biological catalysts (speed up reactions), but they also work as being synthesis ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.