enzyme powerpoint
... proceed faster because the don’t need as much energy. (a.k.a TIME) Reactions can only occur with out enzymes if the solution reaches temperatures high enough to cause the molecules to bump into one another. How could temperatures this high affect a living organism? ...
... proceed faster because the don’t need as much energy. (a.k.a TIME) Reactions can only occur with out enzymes if the solution reaches temperatures high enough to cause the molecules to bump into one another. How could temperatures this high affect a living organism? ...
Cellular Respiration Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle
... releases 2 CO2 (count the carbons!) reduces 2 NAD 2 NADH (moves e ) produces 2 acetyl CoA ...
... releases 2 CO2 (count the carbons!) reduces 2 NAD 2 NADH (moves e ) produces 2 acetyl CoA ...
Chapter 9 Notes
... • A series of redox reactions passes electrons from one molecule to next – the ultimate electron acceptor is oxygen • The energy from the electron transfer is used to form ATP ...
... • A series of redox reactions passes electrons from one molecule to next – the ultimate electron acceptor is oxygen • The energy from the electron transfer is used to form ATP ...
File
... • Enzymes are a specific type of protein (polypeptide) • Quaternary level structure • Speed up all types of chemical reactions by reducing the activation energy required • Do not get destroyed during reactions, but get re-used over and over again. • Are highly specific in their behavior which is det ...
... • Enzymes are a specific type of protein (polypeptide) • Quaternary level structure • Speed up all types of chemical reactions by reducing the activation energy required • Do not get destroyed during reactions, but get re-used over and over again. • Are highly specific in their behavior which is det ...
Metabolism - Glycolysis
... reactions that breakdown complex molecule into simple compounds AND yield energy ...
... reactions that breakdown complex molecule into simple compounds AND yield energy ...
Enzymes - NVHSIntroBioPiper1
... Question: How do enzymes speed up reactions? Answer: They lower activation energy, making it easier for the chemical reaction to occur ...
... Question: How do enzymes speed up reactions? Answer: They lower activation energy, making it easier for the chemical reaction to occur ...
13-Krebs cycle
... is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5. It is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the pleasantly sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive. The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. ...
... is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5. It is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the pleasantly sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive. The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. ...
13-Krebs cycle
... is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5. It is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the pleasantly sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive. The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. ...
... is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5. It is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the pleasantly sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive. The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. ...
ppt
... • 2 C of Acetyl CoA are oxidized to CO2 (not the same 2 that enter) • Electrons conserved through NAD+, FAD -> go to electron transport chain • 1 GTP substrate level phosphorylation: • 2.5 ATP/NADH; 1.5 ATP/FAD(2H) • Net 10 high-energy P/Acetyl group ...
... • 2 C of Acetyl CoA are oxidized to CO2 (not the same 2 that enter) • Electrons conserved through NAD+, FAD -> go to electron transport chain • 1 GTP substrate level phosphorylation: • 2.5 ATP/NADH; 1.5 ATP/FAD(2H) • Net 10 high-energy P/Acetyl group ...
Ch. 20 Tricarboxylic acid cyle Student Learning Outcomes
... from fuel oxidation • Enyzmes are all located in mitochondrial • Acetyl CoA is substrate for TCA cycle: • Generates CO2, NADH, FAD(2H), GTP • e- from NADH, FAD(2H) to electron-transport chain. • Enzymes need many cofactors • Intermediates of TCA cycle are used for biosynthesis, replaced by anaplerot ...
... from fuel oxidation • Enyzmes are all located in mitochondrial • Acetyl CoA is substrate for TCA cycle: • Generates CO2, NADH, FAD(2H), GTP • e- from NADH, FAD(2H) to electron-transport chain. • Enzymes need many cofactors • Intermediates of TCA cycle are used for biosynthesis, replaced by anaplerot ...
How Cells Harvest Energy: Cellular Respiration
... ! Embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane ! Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred to complexes of the ETC ...
... ! Embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane ! Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred to complexes of the ETC ...
Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism
... 1. 3 key enzymes for the regulation of glycolysis (their activation). The role of Fructose 2,6-P in the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. 2. 3 key sites for the regulation of gluconeogenesis (their activation). 3. The signal pathway for the activation of glycogen degradation by glucagon. ...
... 1. 3 key enzymes for the regulation of glycolysis (their activation). The role of Fructose 2,6-P in the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. 2. 3 key sites for the regulation of gluconeogenesis (their activation). 3. The signal pathway for the activation of glycogen degradation by glucagon. ...
Lecture 15a
... reaction. Residue His 12 is deprotonated and acts as a general base by abstracting a proton from the 2' OH. His 119 is protonated and acts as a general acid catalysis by donating a proton to the phosphate group. The second step of the catalysis His 12 reprotonates the 2'OH and His 119 reacts with wa ...
... reaction. Residue His 12 is deprotonated and acts as a general base by abstracting a proton from the 2' OH. His 119 is protonated and acts as a general acid catalysis by donating a proton to the phosphate group. The second step of the catalysis His 12 reprotonates the 2'OH and His 119 reacts with wa ...
AP Biology Cellular Respiration Notes 9.1
... Occurs in cytoplasm therefore does not require membrane-bound organelles, eukaryotes evolved 1 billion years after prokaryotes For nearly 1 billion years prokaryotes used glycolysis to make ATP because it does not need oxygen. Metabolic “heirloom” still functions in fermentation and first step in ce ...
... Occurs in cytoplasm therefore does not require membrane-bound organelles, eukaryotes evolved 1 billion years after prokaryotes For nearly 1 billion years prokaryotes used glycolysis to make ATP because it does not need oxygen. Metabolic “heirloom” still functions in fermentation and first step in ce ...
METABOLISM
... metabolism. It uses a limited amount of common intermediates of metabolism, activated intermediates (carriers), a common molecular energetic carrier (ATP) and a limited amount of typical sequences of reactions - metabolic pathways, which may be regulated by common or independent control mechanisms. ...
... metabolism. It uses a limited amount of common intermediates of metabolism, activated intermediates (carriers), a common molecular energetic carrier (ATP) and a limited amount of typical sequences of reactions - metabolic pathways, which may be regulated by common or independent control mechanisms. ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide homeostasis and
... less is known on the homeostatic regulation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) despite its major role as a coenzyme of oxidoreduction reactions in the energy metabolism. Oxidation of glucose and fatty acids lead to the reduction of NAD+ into NADH. Glycolysis occurring in the cytosol prod ...
... less is known on the homeostatic regulation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) despite its major role as a coenzyme of oxidoreduction reactions in the energy metabolism. Oxidation of glucose and fatty acids lead to the reduction of NAD+ into NADH. Glycolysis occurring in the cytosol prod ...
PHOTOSYNTHESIS & RESPIRATION
... Whenever a bond holding a phosphate is broken, a large amount of usable cellular energy is released. ADENOSINE ...
... Whenever a bond holding a phosphate is broken, a large amount of usable cellular energy is released. ADENOSINE ...
I can - Net Start Class
... 1st Semester Final Exam ReviewBiomolecules and Enzymes-Part 4 5. Differentiate between monosaccharide and polysaccharide molecules. 6. What are the three types of carbohydrates? 7. What is cellulose used for? 8. Why would an athlete have a big pasta dinner the night before a race? 9. What is a satu ...
... 1st Semester Final Exam ReviewBiomolecules and Enzymes-Part 4 5. Differentiate between monosaccharide and polysaccharide molecules. 6. What are the three types of carbohydrates? 7. What is cellulose used for? 8. Why would an athlete have a big pasta dinner the night before a race? 9. What is a satu ...
Chapter 9
... • All use glycolysis (net ATP =2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentatio ...
... • All use glycolysis (net ATP =2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentatio ...
Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis
... Glycerol-3-phosphate Shuttle • Glycerol phosphate shuttle (1.5 ATP/NADH) • Produces QH2 • Operational in some tissues/circumstances ...
... Glycerol-3-phosphate Shuttle • Glycerol phosphate shuttle (1.5 ATP/NADH) • Produces QH2 • Operational in some tissues/circumstances ...
Chapter 11 - Introduction to Metabolism
... metabolism - sum total of all chemical reactions in living cells catabolic reactions - degrade macromolecules and other molecules to release energy anabolic reactions - used to synthesize macromolecules for cell growth, repair, and reproduction Can divide metabolism into 4 groups: carbohydrates, lip ...
... metabolism - sum total of all chemical reactions in living cells catabolic reactions - degrade macromolecules and other molecules to release energy anabolic reactions - used to synthesize macromolecules for cell growth, repair, and reproduction Can divide metabolism into 4 groups: carbohydrates, lip ...
Microbiology: A Systems Approach, 2nd ed.
... achieved by: – Increasing thermal energy to increase molecular velocity – Increasing the concentration of reactants to increase the rate of molecular collisions – Adding a catalyst ...
... achieved by: – Increasing thermal energy to increase molecular velocity – Increasing the concentration of reactants to increase the rate of molecular collisions – Adding a catalyst ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.